Uâõxmk Ãkuãkh LKK Sðkçkku: A - 2 0 X A B B Ac 2 4

r÷çkxeo ÃkuÃkhMkux - 2023 • Äkuhý 10 : økrýík (MxkLzzo)
«uÂõxMk ÃkuÃkh 1 Lkk sðkçkku

rð¼køk-A
1. Lke[uLke íkhV ¾wÕ÷ku ð¢ (Ãkhð÷Þ) 7. 23 = 23
ynª, a = –2 < 0 nkuðkÚke 35 = 5 × 7
46 = 2 × 23
–b ± b 2 – 4ac
2. x = ∴ ÷.Mkk.y. = 23 × 5 × 7 × 2 = 1610
2a
3. (B) 4 8. 13x + 19y = 90
+ 19x + 13y = 70
 13 – (2k + 1) = (5k – 3) – 13
∴ 12 – 2k = 5k – 16 ∴ 32x + 32y = 160
∴ 12 + 16 = 5k + 2k ∴ x + y = 5
∴ 7k = 28 9. x + y + 15
∴ k = 4
, 5m = c
–6 – 2 7 + 3 m
10. c
m
4. (A) 20 3 , 40 2 ,
2 2
 ynª, ∠A = 30° nkuðkÚke,
∴
m = –6 – 2
AC 2 2
BC = ∴ m = –6 – 2
2
∴ AC = 2 BC ∴ m = –8
∴ AC = 2 × 20 1
11. sin A =
3
∴ AC = 40 ∴ cosec A = 3
ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk {wsçk, AB2 + BC2 = AC2 cot2 A = cosec2 A – 1 = (3)2 – 1 = 9 – 1 = 8
∴ AB2 + (20)2 = (40)2 ∴ 9 cot2 A + 9 = 9(8) + 9 = 72 + 9 = 81
∴ AB2 + 400 = 1600 12.
[kuhMkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 2 × (ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞk)2
∴ AB2 = 1600 – 400 = 2 × (8)2
∴ AB2 = 1200 = 2 × 64
∴ AB = 400 # 3 = 128 Mku{e2
∴ AB = 20 3 4 3
v1 πr 1
5. (C) 3 = 3 = 64
13. v2 4 3 27
πr 2
 çknw÷f = 3 × {æÞMÚk – 2 × {æÞf 3
∴ çknw÷f – {æÞf = 3 × {æÞMÚk – 2 × {æÞf r 13 64
∴ 3 =
– {æÞf r2 27
∴ çknw÷f – {æÞf = 3 × {æÞMÚk – 3 × {æÞf r1 4

∴ r =
∴ çknw÷f – {æÞf = 3 ({æÞMÚk – {æÞf) 2 3
17 r 12
6. (B) ∴ = 16
248 r 22 9
 ynª, AuË 248Lkk yrð¼kßÞ yðÞðku{kt 2 yLku A1 4 πr1 r
2 2
5 WÃkhktík yðÞð 31 Ãký nkuðkÚke Mkk[ku W¥kh ∴ = = 12 = 16 = 16 : 9

A2 4 πr 2
r2 9
17 2
248
Au. (LkkUÄ : AuËLke MktÏÞkLkk yðÞðku Võík
14. ¾hwt
2 yÚkðk Võík 5 yÚkðk 2 y™u 5 çktLku nkuÞ
íku sYhe Au. íku WÃkhktík íkuLkk rMkðkÞLkku yðÞð 15. ¾kuxwt
Lk nkuðku òuEyu.) 16. ¾kuxwt
1
rð¼køk-B
17. ynª, fw÷ rðãkÚkeoykuLke MktÏÞk = 100
(a) 40Úke ðÄkhu økwý {u¤ðLkkh rðãkÚkeoykuLke MktÏÞk = 2 + 1 = 3
40Úke ðÄkhu økwý {u¤ðLkkh rðãkÚkeoykuLke MktÏÞk
∴ Mkt¼kðLkk =
fw÷ rðãkÚkeoykuLke MktÏÞk
3
=
100
= 0.03
(b) 30ÚkeykuAk økwý {u¤ðLkkh rðãkÚkeoykuLke MktÏÞk = 6 + 20 + 24 + 28 = 78
30Úke ykuAk økwý {u¤ðLkkh rðãkÚkeoykuLke MktÏÞk
∴ Mkt¼kðLkk =
fw÷ rðãkÚkeoykuLke MktÏÞk
78
=
100
= 0.78
18. Äkhku fu, 7 Mkt{uÞ MktÏÞk Au.
a
∴ 7 = , (ßÞkt a yLku b ÃkhMÃkh yrð¼kßÞ ÃkqýkOfku Au. íkÚkk a yLku b Lkku Mkk{kLÞ yðÞð 1 Au.)
b
^ 7h = c m
2 a 2
∴
b
2
a
∴ 7 = 2
b
∴ a2 = 7b2 = ...............(1)
yk{, 7 yu a2 ™ku yðÞð Au.
…htŒw 7 yu yrð¼kßÞ nkuðkÚke, «{uÞ 1.3 {wsƒ 7 yu a ™ku …ý yðÞð Au.
Äkhku fu, a = 7c ßÞkt, c fkuE …qýkOf Au.
∴ (a)2 = (7c)2
∴ a2 = 49c2
∴ 7b2 = 49c2 […rhýk{ (1) …hÚke a2 = 2b2 {qfŒkt]
∴ b2 = 7c2
yk{, 7 yu b2 ™ku yðÞð Au.
…htŒw 7 yu yrð¼kßÞ nkuðkÚke, «{uÞ 1.3 {wsƒ 7 yu b ™ku …ý yðÞð Au.
yk{, a y™u b ™ku 1 r‚ðkÞ™ku ‚k{kLÞ yðÞð 7 {¤u Au
ykÚke a yLku b ÃkhMÃkh yrð¼kßÞ LkÚke, {kxu ykÃkýe Äkhýk ¾kuxe Au.
yk{, Mkkrçkík ÚkkÞ Au fu, 7 yMkt{uÞ Au.
19.
Äkhku fu, «Úk{ yÞwø{ ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk x Au.
íkuÚke çkeS ¢r{f yÞwø{ ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk x + 2 nkuÞ.
∴ (x)2 + (x + 2)2 = 650
∴ x2 + x2 + 4x + 4 – 650 = 0
∴ 2x2 + 4x – 646 = 0
∴ x2 + 2x – 323 = 0
∴ x2 + 19x – 17x – 323 = 0
∴ x(x + 19) – 17(x + 19) = 0
∴ (x + 19) (x – 17) = 0
∴ x + 19 = 0 yÚkðk x – 17 = 0
2
∴ x = –19 yÚkðk x = 17
Ãkhtíkw x = –19 ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk Lk nkuðkÚke þõÞ LkÚke.
∴ x = 17
yk{, {ktøku÷ çku ¢r{f yÞwø{ ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞkyku 17 yLku 19 Au.
2 + 3
20. = 2 ....................... (1)
x y
4 9
– = –1 ....................... (2)
x y
Äkhku fu, 1 = a yLku 1 = b ÷uíkkt Mk{efhý (1) yLku (2) Lke[u {wsçk {¤u.
x y
∴ 2a + 3b = 2 ....................... (3)
4a – 9b = –1 ....................... (4)
Mk{efhý (3)Lku 3 ðzu yLku Mk{efhý (4)Lku 1 ðzu økwýe Mkhðk¤ku fhíkkt,
6a + 9b = 6
+ 4a – 9b = –1
∴ 10a = 5
5
∴ a = 10
∴ a = 12
Mk{efhý (3){kt a = 12 {qfíkkt, 2a + 3b = 2
∴ 2 c m + 3b = 2
1
2
∴ 1 + 3b = 2
∴ 3b = 2 – 1
∴ 3b = 1
1
∴ b =
3
1 1
nðu, = a yLku = b Au.
x y
1 1 1 = 1
∴ = yLku
x 2 y 3
∴ x = 2 yLku y = 3
∴ x = 4 yLku y = 9
∴ Mk{efhý Þwø{Lkk Wfu÷ku : x = 4, y = 9
yÚkðk
20. 3x – (k + 1)y = 20
∴ 3x – (k + 1)y – 20 = 0 ................. (1)
(ßÞkt a1 = 3, b1 = –(k + 1), c1 = –20)
(k + 2)x – 10y = 40
∴ (k + 2)x – 10y – 40 = 0 ................. (2)
(ßÞkt a2 = (k + 2), b2 = –10, c2 = –40)
Mkwhu¾ Mk{efhýÞwø{Lku yLktík Wfu÷ku nkuðk {kxuLke þhík,
a1 b1 c1
= =
a2 b2 c2
3
1
a 1
b
∴ a =
2 b 2
3 = – ^k + 1h
∴
k+2 –10
∴ –30 = –(k + 1)(k + 2)
∴ (k + 1) (k + 2) = 30
∴ k2 + 2k + k + 2 – 30 = 0
∴ k2 + 3k – 28 = 0
∴ k2 + 7k – 4k – 28 = 0
∴ k(k + 7) – 4(k + 7) = 0
∴ (k – 4) (k + 7) = 0
∴ k – 4 = 0 yÚkðk k + 7 = 0
∴ k = 4 yÚkðk k = –7
yk{, k = 4 yLku k = –7 {kxu ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýÞwø{Lku yLktík Wfu÷ku {¤u.
2 sin θ · cos θ – cos θ
21. zk.çkk. = 2 2
1 – sin θ + sin θ – cos θ
cos θ ]2 sin θ – 1g
= 2 2
1 – sin θ + sin θ – 1 + sin θ
=
2 sin2 θ – sin θ
sin θ ]2 sin θ – 1g
=
cos θ
=
sin θ
= cot θ = s.çkk.
2 1
22. 4 (sin4 30° + cos4 60°) – (sin2 60° – cos2 45°) + tan2 60°
3 2
2
o 4 + ^ 3h
1 2 1
4 (c m + c m 2 − *d
1 4 1 4
n −e
2 3 2
=
2 2 3 2 2 2
4c m – c – m + ]3 g
1 + 1 2 3 1 1
=
16 16 3 4 2 2
4 × c m –
+1
c m
1 2 3–2 + 3
=
16 3 4 2
2 2 1 + 3
= 4 × – #
16 3 4 2
1 1 + 3
= –
2 6 2
3 –1+ 9
=
6
11
=
6
yÚkðk
2 2 2 2
(sec 27° − cot 63°) + (sin 52° + sin 38°)
22.
(cosec2 34° − tan2 56°) + tan 10° $ tan20° $ tan30° $ tan70° $ tan80°
(sec2 27° − cot2 ^90° − 27°h) + (sin2 52° + sin2 ^90° − 52°h)
=
(cosec2 34° − tan2 ^90° − 34°h + tan 10° $ tan20° $ tan30° $ tan ^90° − 20°h $ tan ^90° − 10°h
4
^sec2 27° – tan 2 27°h + ^sin2 52° + cos 2 52°h

^cosec2 34° – cot2 34°h + tan 10° · tan 20° · tan 30° · cot 20° · cot 10°
=
1+1
=
1 + tan 10° · cot 10° · tan 20° · cot 20° · tan 30°
2
=
1
1 + 1#1#
3
2
=
1
1+
3
2 3
=
3 +1
2 3 ^ 3 – 1h
=
^ 3 + 1 h^ 3 – 1 h
2 ^3 – 3 h 2 ^3 – 3 h
= = = 3 – 3
3–1 2
23. C
1
C
2
O
25 7
M
A B
 O fuLÿðk¤kt çku Mk{fuLÿeÞ ðíkwo¤ku C1 yLku C2 Au.

C1Lke rºkßÞk r1 = OA = 25 Mku{e yLku
C2Lke rºkßÞk r2 = OM = 7 Mku{e Au.
C1Lke Sðk AB yu C2Lku M ®çkËw{kt MÃkþuo Au.
∆ OMA{kt, ∠M = 90° Au.
∴ AM = OA2 – OM2
= r 12 – r 22
= ]25g2 – ]7g2
= 625 – 49
= 576
∴ AM = 24
Ãkhtíkw, AB = 2 AM
∴ AB = 2 × 24
∴ AB = 48
yk{, SðkLke ÷tçkkE 48 Mku{e Au.
yÚkðk
23. D R
C
S O
Q
A
P B
5
 ynª, ABCD yu ðíkwo¤Lku Ãkrhøkík Mk{ktíkhçkksw [íkw»fkuý Au, suLke çkkswyku AB, BC, CD yLku DA ðíkwo¤Lku
yLkw¢{u P, Q, R yLku S{kt MÃkþuo Au.
∴ AP = AS, BP = BQ, CR = CQ yLku DR = DS
∴ AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS
∴ (AP + BP) + (CR + DR) = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)
∴ AB + CD = DA + BC .................... (1)
nðu, [íkw»fkuý ABCD yu Mk{ktíkhçkksw [íkw»fkuý Au.
∴ AB = CD yLku BC = DA .................... (2)
(1) yLku (2) ÃkhÚke,
AB + AB = BC + BC
∴ 2 AB = 2 BC
∴ AB = BC
ykÚke, Mk{ktíkhçkksw [íkw»fkuý ABCDLke ÃkkMkÃkkMkuLke çkkswyku Mk{kLk nkuðkÚke íku Mk{çkksw [íkw»fkuý Au.
24. (a)
yk÷u¾ ÃkhÚke çktLku yk÷u¾Lkkt AuË®çkËwLkk Þk{ (70, 20) Au, yux÷u fu x - Þk{ 70 Au. íkuÚke {krníkeLkku
{æÞMÚk 70 Au.
(b) ð¢ A ‘Úke ðÄw’ «fkhLkku ð¢ yLku ð¢ B ‘Úke ykuAk’ «fkhLkku ð¢ Au.
25. C
X
156 Mku{e
A 36 Mku{e Y O B
 ynª, ACB yÄoðíkwo¤ f{kLk Au yLku íkuLkku ÔÞkMk AB Au.
O yu fuLÿ yLku XY yu ÔÞÂõíkLke Ÿ[kE Au.
Äkhku fu ÔÞÂõík XY yu f{kLk ACBLkk A AuzkÚke
AY = 36 Mku{e Ëqh Q¼e Au.
suLke Ÿ[kE XY = 156 Mku{e Au.
∆ AXB{kt ∠AXB = 90° (yÄoðíkwo¤{kt ytíkøkoík ¾qýku)
yLku XY ⊥ AB Au.
∴ ∆ XYB ~ ∆ AYX («{uÞ 6.7)
XY = BY
∴
AY XY
XY 2
∴ BY =
AY
156 # 156
∴ BY =
36
∴ BY = 676 Mku{e
yk{, AB = AY + BY = 36 + 676 = 712 Mku{e
ykÚke, f{kLkLke Ãknku¤kE 712 Mku{e Au.
26. 2 x2 + 7x + 5 2 = 0
∴ 2 x2 + 5x + 2x + 5 2 = 0
∴ 2 x2 + 5x + 2x + 5 2 = 0
6
∴ x ^ 2 x + 5h + 2 ^ 2 x + 5h = 0
∴ ^ 2 x + 5h ^ x + 2 h = 0
∴ 2 x + 5 = 0 yÚkðk x + 2 = 0
–5
∴ x = yÚkðk x = – 2
2
5
yk{, Mk{efhýLkk Wfu÷ – yLku – 2 Au.
2
yÚkðk
26. 3x2 – 4 3 x + 4 = 0 Lku
ax2 + bx + c = 0 MkkÚku Mkh¾kðíkkt
∴ a = 3, b = –4 3 , c = 4
b2 – 4 ac = ^–4 3 h
2
– 4(3)(4) = 48 – 48 = 0
ynª, b2 – 4ac = 0 nkuðkÚke ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLkk çktLku çkes Mk{kLk yLku ðkMíkrðf Au.
–b
∴ x =
2a
– ^–4 3 h
∴ x =
2#3
4 3
∴ x =
6
2
∴ x =
3
2 2
yk{, Mk{efhýLkkt çkes yLku Au.
3 3
rð¼køk-C
27. ¼kßÞ = ¼ksf × ¼køkV¤ + þu»k
∴ p(x) = g(x) × q(x) + r(x)
∴ x3 – 3x2 + x + 2 = g(x) × (x – 2) + (–2x + 4)
∴ g(x) × (x – 2) = x3 – 3x2 + x + 2 – (–2x + 4)
∴ g(x) × (x – 2) = x3 – 3x2 + x + 2 + 2x – 4
∴ g(x) × (x – 2) = x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 2
x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 2
∴ g(x) =
x–2
x2 – x + 1
x – 2 x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 2
x3 – 2x2
– +
– x2 + 3x
– x2 + 2x
+ –
+ x – 2
+ x – 2
– +
0
ykÚke, g(x) = x2 – x + 1 Au.
7
28. Äkhku fu, yiïÞko yLku íkuLke Ãkwºke ykhkæÞkLke nk÷Lke ô{h yLkw¢{u x ð»ko yLku y ð»ko Au. (x > y)
íkuÚke íku{Lke ô{hLke ÔÞMík yLkw¢{u 1x yLku 1y ÚkkÞ.
c1 > 1 m.
y x
5
Ãknu÷e þhík {wsçk, 1y + 1x = 40 ................. (1)
3
çkeS þhík {wsçk, 1y – 1x = 40 .................. (2)
Äkhku fu, 1y = a yLku 1x = b Au.

Mk{e. (1) yLku (2){kt yk ®f{íkku {qfíkkt,
5
a + b =
40
∴ 40a + 40b = 5 .................... (3)
3
a – b =
40
∴ 40a – 40b = 3 .................... (4)
Mk{efhý (3) yLku Mk{efhý (4)Lkku Mkhðk¤ku ÷uíkkt,
40a + 40b = 5

+ 40a – 40b = 3
∴ 80a = 8
8
∴ a =
80
1
∴ a =
10
1
Mk{efhý (3){kt a = 10 {qfíkkt,
40a + 40b = 5
1
∴ 40 × + 40b = 5
10
∴ 4 + 40b = 5
∴ 40b = 5 – 4
1
∴ b =
40
Ãkhtíkw 1y = a yLku 1x = b Au.
1 = 1 1 = 1
∴ y yLku x
10 40
∴ y = 10 yLku x = 40
ykÚke, yiïÞkoLke ô{h 40 ð»ko yLku íkuLke Ãkwºke ykhkæÞkLke ô{h 10 ð»ko Au.
29. ykÃku÷ {krníke ÃkhÚke Mk{ktíkh ©uýe 3, 5, 7, ...., 37 ÚkkÞ.
∴ a = 3, d = 5 – 3 = 2, an = l = 37
an = a + (n – 1)d
∴ 37 = 3 + (n – 1)2
∴ 37 – 3 = (n – 1)2
34
∴ = n – 1
2
∴ n – 1 = 17
∴ n = 18
8
nðu, Sn = 2n (a + an)
18
∴ S18 = (3 + 37)
2
∴ S18 = 9 × 40
∴ S18 = 360
ykÚke, þk¤k{kt fw÷ 360 rðãkÚkeoyku nþu.
yÚkðk
29.
ynª, a11 = 88 yLku a16 = 73 Au.
a11 = 88 nkuðkÚke a + 10d = 88 .................. (1)
a16 = 73 nkuðkÚke a + 15d = 73 .................. (2)
Mk{efhý (2){ktÚke Mk{efhý (1) çkkË fhíkkt,
(a + 15d) – (a + 10d) = 73 – 88
∴ a + 15d – a – 10d = – 15
∴ 5d = –15
∴ d = –3
Mk{efhý (1){kt d = –3 {qfíkkt,
a + 10d = 88
∴ a + 10(–3) = 88
∴ a – 30 = 88
∴ a = 88 + 30
∴ a = 118
nðu, 31{wt ÃkË a31 = a + 30d
∴ a31 = 118 + 30(–3)
∴ a31 = 118 – 90
∴ a31 = 28
Äkhku fu yk ©uýeLkwt n {wt ÃkË an «Úk{ Éý ÃkË Au.
∴ an < 0
∴ a + (n – 1)d < 0
∴ 118 + (n – 1)(–3) < 0
∴ 118 – 3n + 3 < 0
∴ 121 < 3n
121
∴ < n
3
∴ 40.3 < n
ykÚke, ykÃku÷ ©uýeLkwt 41{wt ÃkË «Úk{ Éý ÃkË nþu.
30. C(6, 3)
D(2, 3)
A(1, 0)
B(7, 0)
Äkhku fu, [íkw»fkuý ABCDLkkt ¢r{f rþhku®çkËwyku A (1, 0), B (7, 0), C (6, 3) yLku D (2, 3) Au.
rðfýo BD ËkuhðkÚke çku rºkfkuýku ∆ ABD yLku ∆ BCD {¤u.
∆ ABDLkkt rþhku®çkËwyku A (1, 0), B (7, 0) yLku D (2, 3) Au.
9
∴ ∆ ABDLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 12 |1(0 – 3) + 7(3 – 0) + 2(0 – 0)|

1
= |–3 + 21 + 0|
2
1
= |18|
2
1
= × 18
2
= 9
∆ BCDLkkt rþhku®çkËwyku B (7, 0), C (6, 3) yLku D (2, 3) Au.
∴ ∆ BCDLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 12 |7(3 – 3) + 6(3 – 0) + 2(0 – 3)|
1
= |0 + 18 – 6|
2
1
= |12|
2
1
= × 12
2
= 6
nðuu, [íkw»fkuý ABCDLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = ∆ ABDLkwt ûkuºkV¤ + ∆ BCDLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 9 + 6
= 15 [kuhMk yuf{
31.
{krMkf ÞwrLkx økúknfkuLke MktÏÞk Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k
(ðÃkhkþ) ðøko (f) (cf)
65 – 85 4 4
85 – 105 5 9
105 – 125 x 9 + x
125 – 145 20 29 + x
145 – 165 y 29 + x + y
165 – 185 8 37 + x + y
185 – 205 4 41 + x + y
n = 41 + x + y
ynª, {æÞMÚk 137 yLku fw÷ ykð]r¥k Σfi = n = 68 = 41 + x + y Au. íkuÚke {æÞMÚk – ðøko 125 – 145 Au.
l = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke yÄ: Mke{k = 125
cf = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLkk ykøk¤Lkk ðøkoLke Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k = 9 + x
f = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke ykð]r¥k = 20
n = 68
= 34
2 2
h = ðøkoLke ÷tçkkE = 20
n
{æÞMÚk M = l + f 2 – cf p × h
f
34 – ^9 + xh
∴ 137 = 125 + d n × 20
20
∴ 137 – 125 = 34 – 9 – x
∴ 12 = 25 – x
∴ x = 25 – 12
∴ x = 13
10
nðu, n = Σxi = 41 + x + y
∴ 68 = 41 + 13 + y yLkw¢{rýfk
∴ 68 = 54 + y
∴ y = 68 – 54
∴ y = 14
ykÚke, 105Úke 125 íkÚkk 145Úke 165 yuf{ ÞwrLkx ðÃkhkþ Ähkðíkkt økúknfkuLke MktÏÞk yLkw¢{u 13 yLku
14 Au.
yÚkðk
31. ykÞw»Þ ykð]r¥k xi ui fi ui
(f÷kf{kt) ðøko ( fi )
0 – 200 9 100 –3 –27
200 – 400 35 300 –2 –70
400 – 600 50 500 –1 –50
600 – 800 61 700=a 0 0
800 – 1000 38 900 1 38
1000 – 1200 32 1100 2 64
fw÷ Σfi = 225 – – Σfiui = –45
/ fi u i
{æÞf x = a + × h
/ fi
–45 # 200
∴ x = 700 +
225
∴ x = 700 – 40
∴ x = 660
32. R C
D
O Q
S
B
A P
 [íkw»fkuý ABCD yuf O furLÿík ðíkwo¤Lku Ãkrhøkík Au.
Äkhku fu, [íkw»fkuý ABCDLke çkkswyku AB, BC, CD yLku DA yk O furLÿík ðíkwo¤Lku yLkw¢{u P, Q, R
yLku S ®çkËwyku{kt MÃkþuo Au.
íkuÚke, AP = AS ................. (1)
BP = BQ ................. (2)
CR = CQ ................. (3)
DR = DS ................. (4)
Ãkrhýk{ – (1), (2), (3) yLku (4)Lkku Mkhðk¤ku fhíkkt,
AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS
∴ AB + CD = AD + BC
11
33. [kuhMk PQRSLke çkkswLke ÷tçkkE = 4 Mku{e

∴ [kuhMk PQRSLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = (çkkswLke ÷tçkkE)2
= (4)2
= 16 Mku{e2
[kuhMk PQRS{kt ∠P = ∠Q = ∠R = ∠S = θ = 90°
1 Mku{e rºkßÞkðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lkk [íkwÚkkOþ ¼køkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 14 πr2
1 22
= × × (1)2
4 7
22
=
28
Mku{e2
íkuÚke 1 Mku{e rºkßÞkðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lkk [kh [íkwÚkkOþ ¼køkLkwt fw÷ ûkuºkV¤ = 4 × 22 28

22 2
= Mku{e
7
2 Mku{e ÔÞkMkðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞk R = 22 = 1 Mku{e
∴ 2 Mku{e ÔÞkMkðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ = πR2
22 2
= × (1)
7
22
=
7
Mku{e2
∴ [kuhMkLkk çkkfeLkk ¼køkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = [kuhMkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ – [kh [íkwÚkkOþ ¼køkLkwt fw÷ ûkuºkV¤ – ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤
22 22
= 16 – –
7 7
112 – 22 – 22
=
7
68
=
7
Mku{e2
ykÚke, [kuhMkLkk çkkfeLkk ¼køkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ 68 7

Mku{e2 = 9.72 Mku{e2 Au.
34. ÔÞkMkÃkeX (÷tçk½Lk) = 22 {e × 14 {e × 2.5 {e
fqðku (Lk¤kfkh) ÔÞkMk = 7 {e ∴ r = 27 {e h = ?
nðu,
ÔÞkMkÃkeX çkLkkððk {kxu ðÃkhkíke {kxeLkwt ½LkV¤ = fqðk{ktÚke Lkef¤íke {kxeLkwt ½LkV¤
∴ 22 {e × 14 {e × 2.5 {e = πr2h
22 7 7
∴ 22 × 14 × 2.5 = # # #h
7 2 2
22 # 14 # 2.5 # 7 # 2 # 2
∴ h =
22 # 7 # 7
∴ h = 20 {exh
yk{, fqðkLku 20 {exh Ÿzku ¾kuËðku Ãkzu.
yÚkðk
34.
Lk¤kfkh : h = 2.1 {exh; ÔÞkMk = 4 {exh;
∴ r = 2 {exh.
þtfw : r = 2 {exh; l = 2.8 {exh.
nðu,
fuLkðkMkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = Lk¤kfkhLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤ + þtfwLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤
12
= 2πrh + πrl
= πr (2h + l)
22
= × 2 × {2(2.1) + 2.8}
7
44
= × 7 = 44 {exh2
7
nðu,
= fuLkðkMkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ × fuLkðkMkLkku ¼kð
fuLkðkMkLke ®f{ík
= 44 {exh2 × ` 350 «rík {exh2
= ` 15,400
yk{, íktçkw çkLkkððk ðÃkhkíkkt fuLkðkMkLke ®f{ík ` 15,400 Au.
rð¼køk-D
35. P
A 90°
60°
30°
Q
7 cm
C R
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
X
• h[LkkLkk {wÆk :
(1) QR = 7 cm, ∠Q = 60° yLku ∠P = 90° nkuÞ, íkuðku ∆ PQR h[ku.
(2) QRLkk su yÄoík÷{kt ®çkËw P Au íkuLkkÚke rðhwØ yÄoík÷{kt rfhý QX Ëkuhku, suÚke ∠RQX ÷½wfkuý ÚkkÞ.
(3) QQ1 = Q1Q2 = Q2Q3 = Q3Q4 ÚkkÞ íkuðkt [kh ®çkËwyku Q1, Q2, Q3 yLku Q4Lku X Ãkh ytrfík fhku.
(4) Q4R òuzku.
(5) ∠QQ4R = ∠QQ3C h[eLku Q3{ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku Q4RLku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su QRLku C{kt AuËu.
(6) ∠QRP = ∠QCA h[eLku C{ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku PRLku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su QPLku A{kt AuËu.
3
(7) yk{, ∆ AQC {køÞk {wsçkLkku rºkfkuý Au, suLke çkkswyku ∆ PQRLke yLkwYÃk çkkswykuÚke 4 økýe Au.
yÚkðk
35.
A
D
6 cm E
8 cm
B O C
13
(1) AB = 6 Mku{e, BC = 8 Mku{e yLku ∠B = 90° nkuÞ íkuðku ∆ ABC Ëkuhku.
(2) BCLkku ÷tçkrî¼ksf h[e íkuLkwt {æÞ®çkËw O ÷ku. BC ÔÞkMkðk¤wt ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku, su ACLku D ®çkËw{kt AuËu.
(3) BD òuzku, suÚke BD yu B{ktÚke AC ÃkhLkku ÷tçk Au, fkhý fu ∠BDC yÄoðíkwo¤{kt ytíkøkoík ¾qýku fkx¾qýku
Au.
(4) AO òuzku yLku íkuLkku ÷tçkrî¼ksf h[e íkuLkwt {æÞ®çkËw M {u¤ðku.
(5) M fuLÿ yLku MO rºkßÞkðk¤wt ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku, su BC ÔÞkMkðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lku B yLku E{kt AuËu.
(6) AE òuzku.
(7) yk{, AB yLku AE yu {køÞk {wsçk B, C yLku D{ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíkkt ðíkwo¤Lku A{ktÚke Ëkuhu÷k MÃkþofku Au.
36. Äkhku fu, {kuxk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤ îkhk xktfe x f÷kf{kt ¼hkÞ Au.
ykÚke LkkLkk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤ îkhk xktfe (x + 1)f÷kf{kt ¼hkÞ.
íkuÚke yuf f÷kfLkk Mk{Þøkk¤k{kt {kuxk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤ îkhk xktfeLkku 1x ¼køk yLku LkkLkk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤
îkhk xktfeLkku x 1+ 1 ¼køk ¼hkÞ.
yk{, yuf f÷kfLkk Mk{Þøkk¤k{kt çktLku Lk¤ yuf MkkÚku [k÷w fhíkkt xktfeLkku c x + x + 1 m ¼køk ¼hkÞ.
1 1

72 6
çktLku Lk¤Lku yuf MkkÚku xktfe ¼híkkt 1 f÷kf 12 r{rLkx = 60 f÷kf = 5 f÷kf ÷køku Au, {kxu çktLku
Lk¤ yuf MkkÚku yuf f÷kf{kt xktfeLkku 65 ¼køk ¼hu.
1 1 5
∴ x + =
x +1 6
∴ 6(x + 1) + 6x = 5x(x + 1)
∴ 6x + 6 + 6x = 5x2 + 5x
∴ 5x2 + 5x – 6x – 6 – 6x = 0
∴ 5x2 – 7x – 6 = 0
∴ 5x2 – 10x + 3x – 6 = 0
∴ 5x(x – 2) + 3(x – 2) = 0
∴ (x – 2)(5x + 3) = 0
∴ x – 2 = 0 yÚkðk 5x + 3 = 0
3
∴ x = 2 yÚkðk x = – 5
Ãkhtíkw Mk{Þ Éý c x = – 5 m þõÞ LkÚke.

3

∴ x = 2 yLku x + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3
yk{, {kuxk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤ îkhk xktfe ¼hkíkkt 2 f÷kf yLku LkkLkk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤ îkhk xktfe ¼hkíkkt
3 f÷kf ÷køku.
37.
A B
105 {e
{e
105
30°
60°
C M N
14
ynª, A yLku B yu çk÷qLkLkk çku MÚkkLk Au.

CN yu yð÷kufLkfkhLke ykt¾{ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke Mk{rûkríks hu¾k Au.
AM ⊥ CN yLku BN ⊥ CN Ëkuhku, suÚke M yu CN ÃkhLkwt ®çkËw Au.
íkuÚke ∆ AMC{kt, ∠M = 90° yLku ∠C = 60° íku{s
∆ BNC{kt, ∠N = 90° yLku ∠C = 30° Au.
AM = BN = 105 {exh
∆ BNC{kt, ∠N = 90° Au.
BN
∴ tan 30° =
CN
1 = 105
∴
3 CN
∴ CN = 105 3 {exh
∆ AMC{kt, ∠M = 90° Au.
AM
∴ tan 60° =
CM
105
∴ 3 =
CM
105
∴ CM =
3
∴ CM = 35 3 {exh
nðu, MN = AB = CN – CM
∴ AB = 105 3 – 35 3
∴ AB = 70 3 {exh
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{Þ Ëhr{ÞkLk çk÷qLku fkÃku÷wt ytíkh 70 3 {exh ÚkkÞ.
38. ynª þtfwLkk ykzAuË ykfkhLke xktfe {kxu,
10 6
r1 = {exh = 5 {exh, r2 = 2 {exh = 3 {exh yLku h = 3 {exh Au.
2
1
∴ xktfeLkwt ½LkV¤ = πh(r12 + r22 + r1r2)
3
# 3 # ^]5 g2 + ]3 g2 + ]5 # 3gh
1 22
= #
3 7
22
= × (25 + 9 + 15)
7
22
= × 49
7
= 22 × 7
= 154 {e3
= 154 × 1000 r÷xh
= 154000 r÷xh
yk{, xktfe{kt 154000 r÷xh íku÷ Mk{kÞ.
xktfeLkwt ½LkV¤
nðu, ÃkeÃkLke MktÏÞk = ÃkeÃkLkwt ½LkV¤
154000 r÷xh
=
200 r÷xh
= 770 ÃkeÃk
yk{, xktfe{ktLkk íku÷Lkk 770 ÃkeÃk ¼hkÞ.
15
39. Ãkûk : ∆ MNO{kt, ∠O = 90° Au.

MkkæÞ : MN2 = NO2 + MO2
O
M N
P
Mkkrçkíke : OP ⊥ MN Ëkuhku.
nðu, ∆ MPO ~ ∆ MON («{uÞ - 6.7)
PM = MO
∴ MO MN
2
∴ MO = PM × MN .................... (1)
íku{s, ∆ OPN ~ ∆ MON
PN NO
∴ NO = MN
∴ NO2 = PN × MN .................... (2)
Ãkrhýk{ (1) yLku (2)Lkku Mkhðk¤ku ÷uíkkt,
MO2 + NO2 = PM × MN + PN × MN
∴ MO2 + NO2 = MN × (PM + PN)
∴ NO2 + MO2 = MN × MN ( M – P – N)
∴ NO2 + MO2 = MN2
yÚkðk
39. A
B D M C
 AM ⊥ BC Ëkuhku, suÚke M yu BCLkwt {æÞ®çkËw ÚkkÞ.

∆ ABC Mk{çkksw rºkfkuý Au.
Äkhku fu, AB = BC = CA = a Au.
Mk{çkksw ∆ ABC{kt AM ðuÄ Au íkuÚke AM {æÞøkk Ãký Au.
1 1
∴ BM = MC = BC = a
2 2
nðu, BC = 3 BD Au.
1 1
∴ BD = BC = a
3 3
íkuÚke DC = BC – BD = a – 13 a = 3a3– a = 32 a
B – D –M nkuðkÚke, DM = BM – BD
1 1
∴ DM = a – a
2 3
16
1
∴ DM = a
6
∆ AMB{kt, ∠M = 90°
∴ AB2 = AM2 + BM2
∴ a2 = AM2 + c a m
2
1

2
1 2
∴ a2 = AM2 + a
4
1 2
∴ AM2 = a2 – a
4
3 2
∴ AM2 = a
4
∆ AMD{kt, ∠M = 90°
∴ AD2 = AM2 + DM2
3 2 + c 1 m2
∴ AD2 = a a
4 6
3 2 + 1 2
∴ AD2 = a a
4 36
28 2
∴ AD2 = a
36
7 2
∴ AD2 = a
9
7
∴ AD2 = AB2 ( AB = a)
9
AD 2 = 7
∴
AB2 9
• çkeS heík :
1
BD = BC
3
2
∴ CD = BC .................... (1)
3
1
BM = MC = BC
2
AD2 = AC2 + CD2 – 2 CD × MC
∴ AD2 = AC2 + c BC m – 2 # c BC m # c BC m
2
2 2 1

3 3 2
4 2
∴ AD2 = AC2 + BC2 – BC2
9 3
nðu, ∆ ABC Mk{çkksw rºkfkuý nkuðkÚke AB = BC = CA Au.
4 2
∴ AD2 = AB2 + AB2 – AB2
9 3
2 2 2
9 AB + 4 AB – 6 AB
∴ AD2 =
9
7 AB2
∴ AD2 =
9
AD 2 = 7
∴
AB2 9
17

rð¼køk-A
1. ¾kuxwt 9. (C) 3
2. ¾kuxwt  17x + 23y = 40

+ 23x + 17y = 80
3. ¾hwt ∴ 40x + 40y = 120
4. ¾kuxwt ∴ x + y = 3
5. 2 10. (B) 1
 8x + 5ky = 18  A + B = 90° íkuÚke B = 90° – A

∴ 8(1) + 5k(1) = 18 cos A · cosec B = cos A · cosec (90° – A)
∴ 8 + 5k = 18 = cos A · sec A
= 1
∴ 5k = 18 – 8 = 10
1 2
∴ k = 2 11. (A) πr h
3
6. 2 2 12. (D) 1
 ytíkh = (2 − 4) 2 + (3 − 1) 2 = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2 2 13. y÷-ÏðkrhÍ{e

14. tan1° ∙ tan2° ∙ tan3°………tan89°
7. 44
= tan1°∙tan2°∙tan3°.....tan45°.....∙tan87°∙tan88°∙tan89°
 ðŒwo¤™wt ûkuºkV¤ πr2 = 154 ‚u{e2
= tan1°∙tan2°∙tan3°.....tan45°.....∙cot (90° – 87°)
22
∴ × r2 = 154 ∙ cot(90° – 88°)° ∙ cot(90° – 89°)
7
154 = tan1°∙ tan2° ∙ tan3°… tan45°… ∙ cot3° ∙ cot2° ∙ cot1°
∴ r2 = × 7
22
= tan1° ∙ cot1° ∙ tan2° ∙ cot2° ∙ tan3° ∙ cot3°…tan45°…
22 # 7
∴ r2 = × 7 = 1 × 1 × 1……× 1……
22
∴ r2 = 49 = 1
∴ r = 7 ‚u{e. 15. {æÞf x = 28.2 y™u {æÞMÚk M = 30.5
ðŒwo¤™e …rhr{rŒ = 2πr Z = 3M – 2 x
22 ∴ Z = 3(30.5) – 2(28.2)
= 2 × × 7 ∴ Z = 91.5 – 56.4
7
= 44 ‚u{e.2 ∴ Z = 35.1
5 yk{, yk…u÷ {krnŒe™ku ƒnw÷f 35.1 Au.
8.
9
16. 0.52
 yuf ytfLke yÞwø{ MktÏÞkyku 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
(Ãkkt[) yLku fw÷ MktÏÞkyku 9 Au.  {u[ Lk Síku íkuLke Mkt¼kðLkk = 1 – {u[ Síku íkuLke Mkt¼kðLkk
= 1 – 0.48
5
∴ Mkt¼kðLkk = = 0.52
9
rð¼køk-B
17. 12576 = 4052 × 3 + 420
4052 = 420 × 9 + 272
420 = 272 × 1 + 148
272 = 148 × 1 + 124
148 = 124 × 1 + 24
124 = 24 × 5 + 4
24 = 4 × 6 + 0
∴ økw.Mkk.y. (4052, 12576) = 4
18
18. 12 = × 322
15 = 3 × 5
21 = 3 × 7
∴ økw.Mkk.y. (12, 15, 21) = 3
∴ ÷.Mkk.y. (12, 15, 21) = 22 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 420
19. Äkhku fu, {kt„u÷ rî½kŒ ƒnw…Ëe ax2 + bx + c ™kt þqLÞku α y™u b Au.
3 b 1 = c
∴ α + b = 3 = = − a ŒÚkk ab = a
3 3
a = 3 , b = – 3, c = 1
ykÚke yk…u÷ þhŒ™u y™wY… yuf rî½kŒ ƒnw…Ëe 3 x2 – 3x + 1 Au. þqLÞuŒh ðkMŒrðf ‚tÏÞk k {kxu,
k( 3 x2 – 3x + 1) MðY…™e fkuE …ý ƒeS rî½kŒ ƒnw…Ëe yk þhŒ™u y™wY… ÷E þfkÞ.
20. Äkhku fu, AkÃk {¤ðkLke Mkt¼kðLkk x y™u fktxku {¤ðkLke Mkt¼kðLkk y Au.
Ãknu÷e þhík {wsçk, x = 2y
∴ x – 2y = 0 .............(1)
çkeS þhík {wsçk, x + y = 1 .............(2)
yÚkðk
20. ∴ 3x – 2y = 6
∴ 3x – 2y – 6 = 0
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLkwt «{krýík MðYÃk 3x – 2y – 6 = 0 Au.
21. \ 2x2 + 4x – 3x – 6 = 0
\ 2x(x + 2) – 3(x + 2) = 0
\ (x + 2) (2x – 3) = 0
\ x + 2 = 0 yÚkðk 2x – 3 = 0
3
\ x = –2 yÚkðk x = 2
3
\ Mk{efhýLkk Wfu÷ : –2,
2
yÚkðk
21. 2x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 Lku ax2 + bx + c = 0 rî½kík Mk{efhý MkkÚku Mkh¾kðíkkt
∴ a = 2, b = –4, c = 3
rððu[f = b2 – 4ac = (–4)2 – 4(2)(3) = 16 – 24 = –8
ynª, rððu[f Éý nkuðkÚke ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLku ðkMíkrðf çkes Lk {¤u.
AD = AE
22. (i) («{uÞ : 6.1)
DB EC
1.5 1
\ 3 = EC
\ EC = 2 Mku{e.
AD = AE
(ii) («{uÞ : 6.1)
DB EC
\ AD = 1.8
7.2 5.4
1.8 # 7.2
\ AD = 5.4
\ AD = 2.4 Mku{e.
23. = d nd n+ c mc m
3 3 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 +1
=
4 4
= 1
19
yÚkðk
23. tan 2A = cot (A – 18°)
∴ cot (90° – 2A) = cot (A – 18°)
∴ 90° – 2A = A – 18°
∴ 90° + 18° = A + 2A
∴ 3A = 108°
∴ A = 36°
24.
ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ {wsçk,
PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
\ QR2 = PR2 – PQ2
\ QR2 = (13)2 – (12)2
\ QR2 = 169 – 144
\ QR2 = 25
\ QR = 5 Mku{e.
QR QR
\ tan P – cot R = − = 5 − 5 = 0 Mku{e.
PQ PQ 12 12
25.
O
34
P
Q 16
 ∆ OQP {kt ∠Q = 90° («{uÞ 10.1)
∴ OQ2 + PQ2 = OP2 (ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ)
∴ OQ2 + (16)2 = (34)2
∴ OQ2 + 256 = 1156
∴ OQ2 = 1156 – 256
∴ OQ2 = 900
∴ OQ = r = 30
∴ ðíkwo¤Lkku ÔÞkMk = 2r = 2 × 30 = 60
yÚkðk
25. ðíkwo¤ yu ABCD Lke çkÄe çkkswykuLku MÃkþuo Au. íkuÚke ABCD Lke Mkk{Mkk{uLke çkkswykuLkku Mkhðk¤ku Mk{kLk Au.
∴ AD = AB + CD – BC
∴ AD = 5 + 6 – 8
∴ AD = 3
26. ynª, {n¥k{ ykð]r¥k 61 yu 60 – 80 ðøkoLke ykð]r¥k nkuðkÚke çknw÷f ðøko 60 – 80 Au.
∴ l = çknw÷f ðøkoLke yÄ:Mke{k = 60
 = ðøkoLke ðøko÷tçkkE = 20
f1 = çknw÷f ðøkoLke ykð]r¥k = 61
f0 = çknw÷f ðøkoLkk ykøk¤Lkk ðøkoLke ykð]r¥k = 52
f2 = çknw÷f ðøkoLkk ÃkkA¤Lkk ðøkoLke ykð]r¥k = 38
20
f1 − f0
çknw÷f Z = l + f p × 
2f1 − f0 − f2
∴ Z = 60 + d n × 20
61 − 52

2 (61) − 52 − 38
9 # 20
∴ Z = 60 +
32
∴ Z = 60 + 5.625
∴ Z = 65.625
yk{, WÃkfhýkuLkk ykÞw»ÞLkku çknw÷f 65.625 f÷kf Au.
rð¼køk-C
27. x2 + 7x + 10 = 0
∴ x2 + 2x + 5x + 10 = 0
∴ x(x + 2) + 5(x + 2) = 0
∴ (x + 2) (x + 5) = 0
∴ x + 2 = 0 yÚkðk x + 5 = 0
∴ x = – 2 yÚkðk x = – 5
þqLÞkuLkku Mkhðk¤ku (–2) + (–5) = –7 = – 17 = – ba

10 c
þqLÞkuLkku økwýkfkh = (–2)(–5) = 10 = 1 = a
28. Äkhku fu, «Úk{ ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk x Au.
íkuÚke çkeS ¢r{f ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk x + 1 nkuÞ.
ykÃku÷e þhík {wsçk, (x)2 + (x + 1)2 = 365
\ x2 + x2 + 2x + 1 – 365 = 0
\ 2x2 + 2x – 364 = 0
\ x2 + x – 182 = 0
\ x2 + 14x – 13x – 182 = 0
\ x(x + 14) – 13(x + 14) = 0
\ (x + 14) (x – 13) = 0
\ x + 14 = 0 yÚkðk x – 13 = 0
\ x = –14
yÚkðk x = 13
Ãkhtíkw x = –14 ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk LkÚke.
\ x = 13
yk{, {ktøku÷e çku ¢r{f ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞkyku 13 yLku 14 Au.
29. a1 = a = –2
a2 = a + d = – 2 + 0 = –2
a3 = a + 2d = – 2 + 2(0) = – 2 + 0 = –2
a4 = a + 3d = – 2 + 3(0) = – 2 + 0 = –2
yk{, Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkkt {ktøku÷ «Úk{ [kh ÃkË –2, – 2, –2, –2 Au.
yÚkðk
29. ynª, a = 2, d = 7 – 2 = 5 yLku n = 10
an = a + (n – 1)d
∴ a10 = 2 + (10 – 1)5
∴ a10 = 2 + 45
∴ a10 = 47
ykÚke, ykÃku÷ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLktw 10 {wt ÃkË 47 Au.
21
30. Äkhku fu, P (x, y) yu ®çkËwyku A (4, –3) yLku B (8, 5) Lku òuzíkk hu¾k¾tzLkwt 3:1 økwýku¥kh{kt ytík:rð¼ksLk
fhíkwt ®çkËw Au.
m1 x2 + m2 x1 m1 y2 + m2 y1
x = , y =
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
3 (8) + 1 (4) 3 (5) + 1 (− 3)
∴ x = + , y =
3 1 3+1
∴ x = 7, y = 3
yk{, (7, 3) yu {ktøku÷ ®çkËw Au.
31. Ãkûk : O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lku P ®çkËwyu MÃkþoíkku MÃkþof XY Au.
MkkæÞ : OP yu XY Lku ÷tçk Au yux÷u fu OP ⊥ XY
ykf]rík :
Y X
P Q
Mkkrçkíke : XY Ãkh P rMkðkÞLkwt fkuE ®çkËw Q ÷ku yLku O íkÚkk Q Lku òuzíke hu¾k Ëkuhku.
®çkËw Q ðíkwo¤Lke çknkhLkwt ®çkËw s nkuE þfu.
òu Q ðíkwo¤Lke ytËh nkuÞ, íkku XY AurËfk çkLku yu ðíkwo¤Lkku MÃkþof Lk çkLku.
íkuÚke, OQ yu ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞk OP fhíkkt {kuxe Au.
yux÷u fu, OQ > OP
®çkËw P rMkðkÞ, hu¾k XY Lkkt çkÄkt ®çkËwyku {kxu yk çkLku Au. OP yu O Úke XY ÃkhLkkt
®çkËwykuÚke çkÄkt ytíkhku Ãkife xqtfk{kt xqtfwt ytíkh Au.
íkuÚke, OP yu XY Lku ÷tçk Au.
fw÷ ¾[o 5280
32. ðkzLke ÷tçkkE = ¼kð = 24 = 220{e
∴ ðíkwo¤Lkku ÃkrhÄ = 220
∴ 2πr = 220
22
∴ 2 × × r = 220
7
220 # 7
∴ r = = 35
2 # 22
ykÚke, ¾uíkhLke rºkßÞk 35 {exh Au.
nðu, ¾uíkhLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = πr2
22
= × 35 × 35
7
= 3850 {e2
∴ ¾uíkh ¾uzðkLkku fw÷ ¾[o = ûkuºkV¤ × ¼kð
= 3850 × 0.50
= ` 1925
33. Äkhku fu, ykÃku÷ çku ½Lk Ãkife «íÞufLke çkkswLkwt {kÃk x Mku{e. Au.
∴ ½LkLkwt ½LkV¤ = x3
∴ 64 = x3
∴ x = 4 Mku{e.
22
l = 2x = 2 × 4 = 8 Mku{e., b = x = 4 Mku{e. yLku

h = x = 4 Mku{e.
∴ ÷tçk½LkLkwt Ãk]»XV¤ = 2 (lb + bh + hl)
= 2 (8 × 4 + 4 × 4 + 4 × 8)
= 2 (32 + 16 + 32)
= 2(80)
= 160 Mku{e.2
yk{, çku ½LkLku òuzðkÚke çkLkíkkt ÷tçk½LkLkwt Ãk]»XV¤ 160 Mku{e.2 ÚkkÞ.
yÚkðk
33. yÄoøkku÷f þtfw
r = 1 Mku{e. r = 1 Mku{e.
h = r = 1 Mku{e.
∴ ½Lk ÃkËkÚkoLkwt ½LkV¤
= yÄoøkku÷fLkwt ½LkV¤ + þtfwLkwt ½LkV¤
= 32 πr3 + 13 πr2h
= 13 πr2 (2r + h)
= 13 × π × (1)2 × [(2 × 1) + 1]
= 13 × π × 1 × (2 + 1)
= 13 × π × 3
= π Mku{e.3
yk{, ½Lk ÃkËkÚkoLkwt ½LkV¤ π Mku{e.3 Au.
34. ËirLkf ðuíkLk fkheøkhkuLke xi ui f i u i
(`{kt) (ðøko) MktÏÞk (fi)
500 – 520 12 510 –1 –12
520 – 540 14 530 = a 0 0

540 – 560 8 550 1 8
560 – 580 6 570 2 12
580 – 600 10 590 3 30
fw÷ Σfi = 50 – – 38 = Σfiui
/f i u i
 {æÞf x = a +
/f i
× h
38
∴ x = 530 + × 20
50
∴ x = 530 + 15.20
∴ x = 545.20
yk{, 50 fkheøkhkuLkwt ËirLkf ðuíkLk ` 545.20 Au.
yÚkðk
23
34.
ðøko-ytíkhk÷ ykð]r¥k Mkt[Úke ykð]r¥k
140Úke ykuAe 4 4
140 – 145 7 11
145 – 150 18 29
150 – 155 11 40
155 – 160 6 46
160 – 165 5 51
 nðu, n = 51 Au íkuÚke, 2n = 51
2
= 25.5 su yð÷kufLk ðøko 145–150 {kt Au. suLku {æÞMÚk ðøko fnu Au.
∴ l = {æÞMÚkðøkoLke yÄ:Mke{k = 145
cf = {æÞMÚkðøkoLkk ykøk¤Lkk ðøkoLke Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k = 11
f = {æÞMÚkðøkoLke ykð]r¥k = 18
h = ðøko÷tçkkE = 5
n
{æÞMÚk M = l + f p × h
− cf
2
f
∴ M = 145 + c
25.5 − 11 m
× 5
18
72.5
∴ M = 145 +
18
∴ M = 145 + 4.03
∴ M = 149.03
íkuÚke, AkufheykuLke {æÞMÚk Ÿ[kE 149.03 Mku{e Au.
rð¼køk-D
35. Äkhku fu, yiïÞko yLku íkuLke Ãkwºke ykhkæÞkLke nk÷Lke ô{h yLkw¢{u x ð»ko yLku y ð»ko Au. (x > y)
íkuÚke íku{Lke ô{hLke ÔÞMík yLkw¢{u 1x yLku 1y ÚkkÞ.
c1 > 1 m.
y x
5
Ãknu÷e þhík {wsçk, 1y + 1x = 40 ............... (1)
3
çkeS þhík {wsçk, 1y – 1x = 40 ................ (2)
Äkhku fu, 1y = a yLku 1x = b Au.

Mk{e. (1) yLku (2) {kt yk ®f{íkku {qfíkkt,
5
a + b =
40
∴ 40a + 40b = 5 .................... (3)
3
a – b =
40
∴ 40a – 40b = 3 .................... (4)
Mk{efhý (3) yLku Mk{efhý (4) Lkku Mkhðk¤ku ÷uíkkt,
40a + 40b = 5

+ 40a – 40b = 3
∴ 80a = 8
8
∴ a =
80
24
1
∴ a =
10
1
Mk{efhý (3) {kt a = 10 {qfíkkt,
40a + 40b = 5
1
∴ 40 × + 40b = 5
10
∴ 4 + 40b = 5
∴ 40b = 5 – 4
1
∴ b =
40
Ãkhtíkw 1y = a yLku 1x = b Au.
1 = 1 1 = 1
∴ y yLku x
10 40
∴ y = 10 yLku x = 40
ykÚke, yiïÞkoLke ô{h 40 ð»ko yLku íkuLke Ãkwºke ykhkæÞkLke ô{h 10 ð»ko Au.
36. Ãkûk : rºkfkuý ABC Lke çkksw BC Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k çkkfeLke çku çkkswyku AB yLku AC Lku yLkw¢{u D
yLku E {kt AuËu Au.
MkkæÞ : AD
DB
= AE
EC
A
M
N
D E
B C
Mkkrçkíke : BE yLku CD òuzku yLku DM ⊥ AC íkÚkk EN ⊥ AB Ëkuhku.

1
ADE =
íkuÚke, × AD × EN,
2
1
BDE =
× DB × EN,
2
1
ADE = × AE × DM yLku
2
1
DEC = × EC × DM ÚkkÞ.
2
1
# AD # EN
ADE 2 AD
= ∴
BDE
=
1 DB
.........(1)
# DB # EN
2
1
# AE # DM
ADE 2 AE
= yLku DEC =
1 EC
.......(2)
# EC # DM
2
nðu, ∆ BDE yLku ∆ DEC yuf s ÃkkÞk DE Ãkh yLku Mk{ktíkh hu¾kykuLke òuz BC yLku DE ðå[u ykðu÷kt Au.
íkuÚke BDE = DEC ..........(3)
Ãkrhýk{ (1), (2) yLku (3) ÃkhÚke,
AD = AE

DB EC
25
yÚkðk
36. A
B D M C
 AM ⊥ BC
Ëkuhku, suÚke M yu BC Lkwt {æÞ®çkËw ÚkkÞ.
∆ ABC Mk{çkksw rºkfkuý Au.
Äkhku fu, AB = BC = CA = a Au.
Mk{çkksw ∆ ABC {kt AM ðuÄ Au, íkuÚke AM {æÞøkk Ãký Au.
1 1
∴ BM = MC = BC = a
2 2
nðu, BC = 3 BD Au.
1 1
∴ BD = BC = a
3 3
íkuÚke DC = BC – BD = a – 13 a = 3a3– a = 32 a
B – D – M nkuðkÚke, DM = BM – BD
1 1
∴ DM = a – a
2 3
1
∴ DM = a
6
∆ AMB {kt, ∠M = 90°
∴ AB2 = AM2 + BM2
∴ a2 = AM2 + c a m
1 2

2
1 2
∴ a2 = AM2 + a
4
1 2
∴ AM2 = a2 – a
4
3 2
∴ AM2 = a
4
∆ AMD {kt, ∠M = 90°
∴ AD2 = AM2 + DM2
3 2 + c 1 m2
∴ AD2 = a a
4 6
3 2 + 1 2
∴ AD2 = a a
4 36
28 2
∴ AD2 = a
36
7 2
∴ AD2 = a
9
7
∴ AD2 = AB2 ( AB = a)
9
AD 2 = 7
∴
AB2 9
• çkeS heík :
1
BD = BC
3
2
∴ CD = BC .................... (1)
3
26
1
BM = MC =
BC
2
AD2 = AC2 + CD2 – 2 CD × MC
∴ AD2 = AC2 + c
BC m – 2 # c BC m # c BC m
2
2 2 1

3 3 2
4 2
∴ AD2 = AC2 + BC2 – BC2
9 3
nðu, ∆ ABC Mk{çkksw rºkfkuý nkuðkÚke
AB = BC = CA Au.
4 2
∴ AD2 = AB2 + AB2 – AB2
9 3
9 AB2 + 4 AB2 – 6 AB2
∴ AD2 =
9
2
7 AB
∴ AD2 =
9
2
AD = 7
∴
AB2 9
37. A
xkðh
60° 30°
B C 40 {e. D
ÃkzAkÞku
 ynª, AB
xkðh, BC yLku BD ÃkzAkÞku, CD ÃkzAkÞk{kt ÚkÞu÷ku ðÄkhku Au.
CD = 40 {e, ∠ACB = 60°, ∠ADB = 30°
∠ABC = ∠ABD = 90° yLku BD = BC + CD Au.
∆ ABC {kt ∠ABC = 90° Au.
AB
∴ tan 60° =
BC
AB
∴ 3 =
BC
AB
∴ BC =
3
∆ ABD {kt ∠ABD = 90° Au.
AB
∴ tan 30° =
BD
1 = AB
∴
3 BC + CD
∴ BC + CD = 3 AB
AB
∴ + 40 = 3 AB
3
∴ AB + 40 3 = 3 AB
∴ 3 AB – AB = 40 3
∴ 2 AB = 40 3
∴ AB = 20 3 = 20 × 1.73 = 34.6 {exh
yk{, xkðhLke Ÿ[kE 20 3 {exh yÚkðk 34.6 {exh Au.
27
38. X
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A C 7.6 ‚u{e. B
(1) 7.6 Mku{e. ÷tçkkELkku hu¾k¾tz AB h[e íkuLke MkkÚku ÷½wfkuý çkLkkðu íkuðwt rfhý AX h[ku.
(2) AX Ãkh AA1 = A1A2 = A2A3 = ...... = A12A13 ÚkkÞ íkuðkt 13 (5 + 8) ®çkËwyku A1, A2, A3, ...., A13
ytrfík fhku.
(3) A13B òuzku.
(4) ®çkËw A5 {ktÚke A13BLku Mk{ktíkh nkuÞ, íkuðe hu¾k Ëkuhku, su AB Lku C ®çkËw{kt AuËu.
(5) yk heíku {¤íkwt ®çkËw C yu AB Lkwt AC : CB = 5 : 8 økwýku¥kh{kt rð¼ksLk fhíkwt ®çkËw Au. su{kt AC =
2.9 Mku{e. yLku CB = 4.7 Mku{e. {¤u Au.
yÚkðk
38.
A
e.
ku{
5 M
O 120° P
e. ku{
5 M
B
(1) O fuLÿ yLku 5 Mku{e. rºkßÞkðk¤wt yuf ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku.
(2) yk ðíkwo¤Lke çku rºkßÞkyku OA yLku OB yuðe Ëkuhku suÚke ∠AOB = 120° ÚkkÞ.
(3) A yLku B ®çkËwyu yLkw¢{u rºkßÞk OA yLku OB Lku ÷tçk Ëkuhku, su ÃkhMÃkh yufçkeòLku P ®çkËw{kt AuËu.
(4) ykÚke PA yLku PB {køÞk {wsçkLkk MÃkþofku Au, su{Lke ðå[uLkk ¾qýkLkwt {kÃk 60° Au.
Lk¤kfkh : h = 2.1 {exh; ÔÞkMk = 4 {exh; ∴ r = 2 {exh.
39.
þtfw : r = 2 {exh; l = 2.8 {exh.
nðu, fuLkðkMkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = Lk¤kfkhLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤ + þtfwLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 2πrh + πrl
= πr (2h + l)
= 22
7
× 2 × [2(2.1) + 2.8]
= 44
7
× 7
= 44 {exh2
nðu, fuLkðkMkLke ®f{ík = fuLkðkMkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ × fuLkðkMkLkku ¼kð
= 44 {exh2 × ` 350 «rík {exh2
= ` 15,400
yk{, íktçkw çkLkkððk ðÃkhkíkkt fuLkðkMkLke ®f{ík ` 15,400 Au.
28

rð¼køk-A
1. ¾hwt 11. (C) 18 π
2. ¾hwt  rºkßÞk r = 3 ‚u{e

2
yÄo„ku¤k™wt ½™V¤ = πr3
3. ¾hwt 3
2
= 3π × 3 × 3 × 3
4. ¾kuxwt
= 18π
5. 10x + y
12. (D) 1.05
6. x2 + y2
13. ÞwÂõ÷z
7. 2 : 3
14. ∆ ABC {kt ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
 ƒu ðŒwo¤ku™kt ûkuºkV¤ku™ku „wýku¥kh = 4 : 9 ∠A + ∠B + 90° = 180°
∴ ƒu ðŒwo¤ku™k …rh½™ku „wýku¥kh = 4: 9 = 2 : 3 ∠A + ∠B = 180° – 90° = 90°
8. þqLÞ nðu, cos (A + B) = cos90° = 0
9. (C) AuËíke yÚkðk MktÃkkíke 15. yk…u÷ yð÷kuf™ku™u [zŒkt ¢{{kt „kuXðŒk
3 3 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 17
10. (D) 2
∴ {æÞMÚk M = 7
1
3#
3=
tan 30° 3 3 3 3 3 3 16. 36

1 – tan2 30°
= = =
1 2 1– 1 3–1 2
1–e o 3  Ãkrhýk{kuLke fw÷ MktÏÞk = 6n = 62 = 36.
3
rð¼køk-B
17. a = 306 yLku b = 657 ÷uíkkt,
a × b
÷.Mkk.y. (a, b) =
økw.Mkk.y. (a, b)
306 × 657
\ ÷.Mkk.y. (306, 657) =
økw.Mkk.y. (306, 657)
306 # 657
= 9
= 22338
18. ykÃku÷ ðkMíkrðf MktÏÞk 43.123456789 Lkwt Ëþktþ rLkYÃký yLktík y™u ykð]ík nkuðkÚke Mkt{uÞ MktÏÞk Au.
p
ykÃku÷ ðkMíkrðf MktÏÞkLkwt Ëþktþ rLkYÃký yLktík y™u ykð]ík nkuðkÚke íkuLkk q MðYÃk{kt q Lkk yrð¼kßÞ
yðÞðku 2 yÚkðk 5 yÚkðk 2 yLku 5 çktLku nkuÞ.
3x – 5
3x3 + x2 + 2x + 5
19. x2 + 2x + 1
3x3 + 6x2 + 3x
– – –
–5x2 – x + 5
–5x2 – 10x – 5
+ + +
9x + 10
yk{, ¼køkV¤ = 3x – 5 yLku þu»k 9x + 10 Au.
29
20. Äkhku fu, rf÷kuøkúk{ ËeX [kLkku ¼kð ` x yLku ¾ktzLkku ¼kð ` y Au.
Ãknu÷e þhík {wsçk, x = 7y
∴ x – 7y = 0 ............... (1)
çkeS þhík {wsçk, 2x + 5y = 570 ............... (2)
yÚkðk
20. a1 = 9, b1 = 3, c1 = 12, a2 = 18, b2 = 6, c2 = 24
a1 b1 3 1 c1 12 1
nðu, = 9 =1 = = , = =
a2 18 2 , b 6 2 c2 24 2
2
a1 b1 c1
\ =
a2
=
b2 c2
ykÚke, ykÃku÷ Mkwhu¾ Mk{efhýÞwø{Úke çkLkíke hu¾kyku MktÃkkíke Au.

21. \ x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8 = 2x3 – 2x
\ x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8 – 2x3 + 2x = 0
\ – x3 + 6x2 + 14x + 8 = 0
yk{, ynª x Lke {n¥k{ ½kík 3 nkuðkÚke ykÃku÷ Mk{efhý yu rî½kík Mk{efhý LkÚke.
yÚkðk
21. Äkhku fu, «Úk{ ÄLk ÃkqýkOf x Au.
íkuÚke çkeòu ¢r{f ÄLk ÃkqýkOf (x + 1) nkuÞ.
ykÃku÷ þhík {wsçk, x(x + 1) = 306
\ x2 + x – 306 = 0
yk{, {ktøku÷ rî½kík Mk{efhý x2 + x – 306 = 0 Au.
22. ∆ ABC ~ ∆ DEF
2
ABC BC
∴ DEF = («{uÞ : 6.6)
EF2
2
64 BC
∴ 121 =
(15.4) 2
8 BC
∴ 11 =
15.4
8 # 15.4
∴ BC = 11
∴ BC = 11.2 Mku{e.
2 2
sin 63° + sin 27°
2
]90° – 27°g + sin2 27°
23. = sin 2
cos ]90° – 73°g + cos2 73°
2 2
cos 17° + cos 73°
2 2
cos 27° + sin 27°
= 2 2
sin 73° + cos 73°
1
= 1
= 1
yÚkðk
23. zk.çkk. = (cosec θ – cot θ)2
= c sin θ − sin θ m
2
1 cos θ
= c
1 − cos θ m2
sin θ
(1 − cos θ) 2
=
sin2 θ
30
(1 − cos θ) 2
=
1 − cos2 θ
(1 − cos θ) (1 − cos θ)
=
(1 − cos θ) (1 + cos θ)
1 − cos θ
= = s.çkk.
1 + cos θ
2 2
24. = 2(1)2 + d n – d n
3 3
2 2
3 3
= 2 + 4 – 4
= 2
25. A
O P
30°
 OB ⊥ PB nkuðkÚke, ∠OBP = 90°

∆ OBP {kt, ∠BOP + ∠OBP + ∠OPB = 180°
∴ ∠BOP + 90° + 30° = 180°
∴ ∠BOP + 120° = 180°
∴ ∠BOP = 180° – 120°
∴ ∠BOP = 60°
OP yu ∠AOB Lkku fkuýrî¼ksf Au.
∴ ∠AOB = 2∠BOP
∴ ∠AOB = 2 × 60°
∴ ∠AOB = 120°
yÚkðk
25.
O
25
24
A P
 ∆ OAP {kt, ∠A = 90° («{uÞ 10.1)

ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ «{kýu,
OA2 + PA2 = OP2
∴ (24)2 + PA2 = (25)2
∴ 576 + PA2 = 625
∴ PA2 = 625 – 576
∴ PA2 = 49
∴ PA = 7
26.
ynª, {n¥k{ ðøkoykð]r¥k ðøko 3 – 5 Lke 8 Au. íkuÚke çknw÷f ðøko 3 – 5 Au.
31

f − f0
çknw÷f Z = l + f 2f −1 f − f2
p × h
1 0
∴ Z = 3 + d n × 2
8−7
2 (8) − 7 − 2
1 2
∴ Z = 3 + 7 × 2 = 3 + 7
∴ Z = 3.286
yk{, ykÃku÷ {krníkeLkku çknw÷f 3.286 Au.
rð¼køk-C
27. Äkhku fu, {ktøku÷ rî½kík çknwÃkËe ax2 + bx + c Lkkt þqLÞku α y™u β Au.
∴ α + β = –3 yLku αβ = 2
b −3 c 2
∴ − a = 1 yLku a = 1
∴ a = 1, b = 3, c = 2
ykÚke, ykÃku÷ þhíkLku y™wYÃk yuf rî½kík çknwÃkËe x2 + 3x + 2 Au. þqLÞuíkh ðkMíkrðf MktÏÞk k {kxu,
k(x2 + 3x + 2) MðYÃkLke fkuE Ãký çkeS rî½kík çknwÃkËe Ãký ykÃku÷ þhíkLku yLkwYÃk ÷E þfkÞ.
28. rî½kŒ ‚{efhý ax2 + bx + c = 0 (ßÞkt a ≠ 0)
∴ 4a2x2 + 4abx + 4ac = 0 (‚{efhý™e ƒt™u ƒksw 4a ðzu „wýŒkt)
∴ 4a2x2 + 4abx + b2 – b2 + 4ac = 0 (ƒt™u ƒksw b2 W{uhíkkt y™u çkkË fhíkkt)
∴ (2ax + b)2 = b2 – 4ac
∴ 2ax + b = ± b2 − 4ac (ßÞkt b2 – 4ac ≥ 0)
− b ! b2 − 4ac
∴ x = 2a
yk{, yk…u÷ rî½kŒ ‚{efhý ax2 + bx + c = 0 ™kt ƒes
− b + b2 − 4ac − b − b2 − 4ac
x = 2a
y™u x = 2a
Au.
29. a = 7, d = 13 – 7 = 6, an = 205, n = ______
an = a + (n – 1) d
\ 205 = 7 + (n – 1) 6
\ 205 – 7 = (n – 1) 6
198
\ = n – 1
6
\ n – 1 = 33
\ n = 34
yk{, ykÃku÷ MkkLík Mk{ktíkh ©uýe{kt 34 ÃkË Au.
yÚkðk
29.
ynª, a17 = a10 + 7
\ a17 – a10 = 7
\ (a + 16d) – (a + 9d) = 7
\ a + 16d – a – 9d = 7
\ 7d = 7
\ d = 1
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkku Mkk{kLÞ íkVkðík 1 Au.
32
30. Äkhku fu, X-yûk ÃkhLkwt {ktøku÷ ®çkËw P(x, 0) Au, su ®çkËw A (2, –5) yLku B (–2, 9)Úke Mk{kLk ytíkhu ykðu÷wt Au.
\ PA = PB
\ PA2 = PB2
\ (x – 2)2 + (0 + 5)2 = (x + 2)2 + (0 – 9)2
\ x2 – 4x + 4 + 25 = x2 + 4x + 4 + 81
\ – 4x – 4x = 4 + 81 – 4 – 25
\ – 8x = 56
\ x = –7
yk{, {ktøku÷ X-yûk ÃkhLkwt ®çkËw (–7, 0) Au.
31.
Ãkûk : O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lke çknkhLkk ¼køk{kt ykðu÷kt ®çkËw P {ktÚke ðíkwo¤Lku Ëkuhu÷k MÃkþofku PQ yLku PR Au.
MkkæÞ : PQ = PR
ykf]rík : Q
P O
R
Mkkrçkíke : OP, OQ yLku QR òuzku. ∠OQP yLku ∠ORP fkx¾qýk Au, fkhý fu, íku MÃkþofku yLku Mktøkík
rºkßÞk ðå[uLkk ¾qýk Au, yLku «{uÞ 10.1 Lkk ykÄkhu íkuyku fkx¾qýk Au.
nðu fkxfkuý rºkfkuýku OQP yLku ORP {kt,
OQ = OR (yuf ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞkyku)
OP = OP (Mkk{kLÞ çkksw)
∠OQP = ∠ORP (fkx¾qýk)
íkuÚke, ∆ OQP ≅ ∆ ORP (fkfçkk)
ykÚke, PQ = PR (yufYÃk rºkfkuýkuLke yLkwYÃk çkkswyku)
32.
O
10
10 90°
A B
 ynª, r = 10 Mku{e. yLku θ = 90° Au.

πr2 θ
÷½wð]¥kktþLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 360
3.14 # 10 # 10 # 90
=
360
= 78.5 Mku{e.2
1
fkxfkuý ∆ OABLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 2
× OA × OB
1
= 2 × 10 × 10
= 50 Mku{e.2
ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ = πr2 = 3.14 × 10 × 10 = 314 Mku{e.2
(i) ÷½wð]¥k¾tzLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = ÷½wð]¥kktþLkwt ûkuºkV¤ – ∆ OAB Lkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 78.5 – 50
= 28.5 Mku{e.2
33
(ii)
økwhwð]¥kktþLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ – ÷½wð]¥kktþLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 314 – 78.5
= 235.5 Mku{e.2
33. þtfw økku¤ku

r = 6 Mku{e R = ................
h = 24 Mku{e
þtfwLkwt ½LkV¤ = økku¤kLkwt ½LkV¤
1 4
∴ 3 πr2h = 3 πR3
∴ r2h = 4R3
r2 h = 6 # 6 # 24
∴ R3 = 4 4
= (6)3
∴ R = 6 Mku{e
yk{, økku¤kLke rºkßÞk 6 Mku{e Au.
yÚkðk
33. ÔÞkMkÃkeX (÷tçk½Lk) = 22 {e × 14{e × 2.5 {e
7
fqðku (Lk¤kfkh) ÔÞkMk = 7 {e ∴ r = 2 {e h = ......
nðu,
ÔÞkMkÃkeX çkLkkððk {kxu ðÃkhkíke {kxeLkwt ½LkV¤ = fqðk{ktÚke Lkef¤íke {kxeLkwt ½LkV¤
∴ 22 {e × 14 {e × 2.5 {e = πr2h
22 7 7
∴ 22 × 14 × 2.5 = 7
# # #h
2 2
22 # 14 # 2.5 # 7 # 2 # 2
∴ h = 22 # 7 # 7
∴ h = 20 {exh
yk{, fqðkLku 20 {exh Ÿzku ¾kuËðku Ãkzu.
34. xi ui fiui
«ríkr{rLkx ÓËÞLkk {rn÷kykuLke
ÄçkfkhkLke MktÏÞk (ðøko) MktÏÞk (fi)
65 – 68 2 66.5 –3 –6
68 – 71 4 69.5 –2 –8
71 – 74 3 72.5 –1 –3
74 – 77 8 75.5 = a 0 0
77 – 80 7 78.5 1 7
80 – 83 4 81.5 2 8
83 – 86 2 84.5 3 6
fw÷ Σfi = 30 – – 4 = Σfiui
/f i ui
 {æÞf x = a + /f i
× h
4
∴ x = 75.5 + 30 × 3
∴ x = 75.5 + 0.4
∴ x = 75.9
yk{, {rn÷kykuLkk «ríkr{rLkx ÓËÞLkk ÄçkfkhkLkku {æÞf 75.9 Au.
34
yÚkðk
34. ÷tçkkE ÃkktËzktykuLke Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k
ðøko
(r{{e.{kt) MktÏÞk (fi) (cf)
118 – 126 117.5 – 126.5 3 3
127 – 135 126.5 – 135.5 5 8
136 – 144 135.5 – 144.5 9 17
145 – 153 144.5 – 153.5 12 29
154 – 162 153.5 – 162.5 5 34
163 – 171 162.5 – 171.5 4 38
172 – 180 171.5 – 180.5 2 40
fw÷ – 40 –
 ynª, n = 40
n 40
∴ 2 = 2 = 20
20 Úke íkhík {kuxe Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k 29 yu yð÷kufLk ðøko 144.5 – 153.5 {kt Mk{kÞu÷ nkuðkÚke {æÞMÚk ðøko
144.5 – 153.5 Au.
íkuÚke, l = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke yÄ: Mke{k = 144.5
cf = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLkk ykøk¤Lkk ðøkoLke
Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k = 17
n
M = l + f2 p × h
– cf
{æÞMÚk
f
∴ M = 144.5 + c 12 m × 9
20 – 17

3 # 9
∴ M = 144.5 + 12
∴ M = 144.5 + 2.25
∴ M = 146.75
yk{, ÃkktËzktykuLke {æÞMÚk ÷tçkkE 146.75 r{r÷{exh Au.
rð¼køk-D
2 + 3
35. = 2 _______ (1)
x y
4 − 9
= –1 _______ (2)
x y
1 1
Äkhku fu, = a yLku = b ÷uíkkt Mk{e.
x y
(1) yLku (2) Lke[u {wsçk {¤u.
\ 2a + 3b = 2 ...................... (3)
\ 4a – 9b = –1 ....................... (4)
Mk{efhý (3) Lku 3 ðzu yLku Mk{efhý (4) Lku 1 ðzu økwýe Mkhðk¤ku fhíkkt,
35
6a + 9b = 6
+ 4a – 9b = –1
\ 10a = 5
5
\ a = 10
1
\ a = 2
1
Mk{efhý (3) {kt a = 2
{qfíkkt,
2a + 3b = 2
\ 2 c 2 m + 3b = 2
1

\ 1 + 3b = 2
\ 3b = 2 – 1
\ 3b = 1
1
\ b = 3
1 1
nðu, = a yLku = b Au.
x y
1 1 1 = 1
\ = 2 yLku 3
x y
\ x = 2 yLku y = 3
\ x = 4 yLku y = 9
\ Mk{efhýÞwø{Lkku Wfu÷ : x = 4, y = 9
36. Ãkûk : ∆ ABC ∼ ∆ PQR
c= m d n c m
2 2 2
ABC AB BC = CA
MkkæÞ : =
PQR PQ QR RP
A P
B C Q R
M N
Mkkrçkíke : ∆ ABC {kt ðuÄ AM yLku ∆ PQR {kt ðuÄ PN Ëkuhku.
1
# BC # AM
ABC
2= BC AM
=
∴ # ................(1)
PQR
1 QR PN
# QR # PN
2
nðu, ∆ ABM yLku ∆ PQN {kt
∠B = ∠Q ( ∆ ABC ∼ ∆ PQR)
∠M = ∠N (fkxfkuý)
∴ ∆ ABM ∼ ∆ PQN (¾q¾q þhík)
AM = AB
∴ ....................(2)
PN PQ
ð¤e, ∆ ABC ∼ ∆ PQR
= BC
∴ AB = CA ....................(3)
PQ QR RP
ABC
íkuÚke, PQR = AB
PQ
#
AM
PN
((1) yLku (3) ÃkhÚke)
36
ABC
∴ PQR = AB #
PQ PQ
AB
((2) ÃkhÚke)
c m
2
ABC
= AB
= AB 2
∴
PQR PQ 2 PQ
∴ = c= m d n c m
ABC AB 2 BC 2 = CA 2

PQR PQ QR RP
((3) ÃkhÚke)
yÚkðk
36. C
X
156 Mku{e.
A 36 Mku{e. Y O B
 ynª, ACB
yÄoðíkwo¤ f{kLk Au yLku íkuLkku ÔÞkMk AB Au.
O yu fuLÿ yLku XY yu ÔÞÂõíkLke Ÿ[kE Au.
Äkhku fu ÔÞÂõík XY yu f{kLk ACBLkk A AuzkÚke
AY = 36 Mku{e. Ëqh Q¼e Au.
suLke Ÿ[kE XY = 156 Mku{e. Au.
∆ AXB {kt ∠AXB = 90° (yÄoðíkwo¤{kt ytíkøkoík ¾qýku)
yLku XY ⊥ AB Au.
∴ ∆ XYB ∼ ∆ AYX («{uÞ 6.7)
XY BY
∴ AY = XY
XY2
∴ BY = AY
156 # 156
∴ BY =
36
∴ BY = 676 Mku{e.
yk{, AB = AY + BY = 36 + 676 = 712 Mku{e.
ykÚke, f{kLkLke Ãknku¤kE 712 Mku{e. Au.
37.
A
B
Íkz
30°
C 8 {e D
 ynª, Íkz AC yu MÚkkLk B ykøk¤Úke ¼ktøkeLku yuðe heíku ð¤e òÞ Au, fu íkuLke xku[ A s{eLkLku D
®çkËwyu MÃkþuo Au. yux÷u A = D
∆ BCD {kt, ∠C = 90°, ∠D = 30°, CD = 8 {e, BD = AB
BC
∴ tan 30° = CD
1 = BC
∴ 8
3
8
∴ BC = {e
3
37
BD
ð¤e, sec 30° = CD
2 = BD
∴ 8
3
16
∴ BD = {e
3
16
∴ AB = {e
3
nðu, ÍkzLke Ÿ[kE = AC = AB + BC
16 + 8
=
3 3
24 3
= #
3 3
24 3
= 3
= 8 3 {e
yk{, ÍkzLke Ÿ[kE 8 3 {exh Au.
38. X
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A C B
(1) 6.5 Mku{e. ÷tçkkELkk hu¾k¾tz AB MkkÚku ÷½wfkuý çkLkkðu íkuðwt fkuE Ãký rfhý AX Ëkuhku.
(2) AX Ãkh AA1 = A1A2 = ...... = A6A7 ÚkkÞ íkuðkt 7 (3 + 4) ®çkËwyku A1, A2, .....A7 Lkkt MÚkkLk Lk¬e fhku.
(3) BA7 òuzku.
(4) ®çkËw A3 {ktÚke AB Lku C {kt AuËíke BA7 Lku Mk{ktíkh nkuÞ íkuðe hu¾k Ëkuhku. yk {kxu ∠AA7B Lku Mk{kLk nkuÞ íkuðku
∠AA3C h[ku.
(5) yk heíku {¤íkwt ®çkËw C yu AB Lkwt 3 : 4 økwýku¥kh{kt rð¼ksLk fhu Au. suÚke AC : CB = 3 : 4 ÚkkÞ.
AB Lkk çku ¼køk {kÃkíkk AC = 2.8 Mku{e. yLku CB = 3.7 Mku{e. {¤u Au.
yÚkðk
38.
A
e.
Mku{
5
O 8 Mku{e. M P
38
(1) 5 Mku{e. rºkßÞk yLku O fuLÿðk¤wt ðíkwo¤ h[e íkuLke çknkhLkk ¼køk{kt ®çkËw P yuðwt ÷ku fu suÚke OP = 8
Mku{e. ÚkkÞ.
(2) OP òuze íkuLkku ÷tçkrî¼ksf h[e íkuLkwt {æÞ®çkËw M {u¤ðku.
(3) M fuLÿ yLku MO rºkßÞk ÷E yuf ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku, su O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lku A yLku B ®çkËw{kt AuËu.
(4) PA yLku PB òuzku.
(5) yk{, PA yLku PB {køÞk {wsçkLkk MÃkþofku Au, su{Lke ËhufLke ÷tçkkE PA = PB = 6.3 Mku{e. Au.
39. Lk¤kfkh yÄoøkku÷f
ÔÞkMk = 2.8 Mku{e. ÔÞkMk = 2.8 Mku{e.
∴ r = 1.4 Mku{e. ∴ r = 1.4 Mku{e.
Lk¤kfkhLke Ÿ[kE h = fw÷ ÷tçkkE – 2r
∴ h = 5 – 2(1.4)
∴ h = 5 – 2.8
∴ h = 2.2 Mku{e.
1.4
Mku{e.
2.2 Mku{e. 5 Mku{e.
←2.8 Mku{e.→
1.4
Mku{e.
∴ 45 økw÷kçkòtçkwLkwt ½LkV¤ = 45 × yuf økw÷kçkòtçkwLkwt ½LkV¤

= 45 × (Lk¤kfkhLkwt ½LkV¤ + 2 × yÄoøkku÷fLkwt ½LkV¤)
2
= 45 × (πr2h + 2 × 3 πr3)
4
= 45 × (πr2h + 3 πr3)
4
= 45 × πr2 × (h + 3 r)
× (1.4)2 × c 2.2 + m
22 4 # 1.4
= 45 × 7 3
× 1.96 × c 6.6 5.6 m

22 +
= 45 × 7
3
12.2
= 45 × 22 × 0.28 × 3
= 15 × 22 × 0.28 × 12.2
= 1127.28 Mku{e.3
∴ ¾ktzLke [kMkýeLkwt ½LkV¤ = økw÷kçkòtçkwLkk ½LkV¤Lkk 30%
30
= 1127.28 × 100
= 338.184 Mku{e.3
= 338 Mku{e.3 (ykþhu)
39

rð¼køk-A
1. ¾hwt  6x – 3y + 10 = 0 (ßÞkt a1 = 6, b1 = –3, c1 = 10)
2. ¾hwt 2x – y + 9 = 0 (ßÞkt a2 = 2, b2 = –1, c2 = 9)
a1 b − c
3. ¾hwt a = 6 = 3, 1 = 3 = 3, 1 = 10
2 2 b2 − 1 c2 9
4. ¾hwt a1 b1 c1
∴ a = ] c
 Mk{kLk yÞwø{ ytfku nkuÞ íkuðk Ãkrhýk{ku (1, 1), 2 b2 2
(3, 3), (5, 5) (ºký) yLku fw÷ Ãkrhýk{ku 36 Au. ∴
yk…u÷ ‚{efhýÞwø{™ku yk÷u¾ ‚{ktŒh
3 1 hu¾kyku™e òuz Úkþu.
∴ Mkt¼kðLkk = 36 = 12
1
5. 5 10. (B) = 1
sec θ
 13x + 19y = 90 11. (A) yuf þtfw y™u yuf ™¤kfkh
+ 19x + 13y = 70 1
12. (B)
∴ 32x + 32y = 160 26
∴ x + y = 5
÷k÷ htøkLkk çkkËþkn (2) 2 = 1
 P(A) =
fw÷ Ãk¥kk (52)
=
52 26
6. (–3, 0)
13. çkuçke÷kuLk
πrθ
7. l = 1
180 14. sin A =
1 3
8. ∴ cosec A = 3
7
 ÷e… ð»ko ™ nkuÞ Œuðk ð»ko{kt fw÷ rËð‚ = 365 cot2 A = cosec2 A – 1 = (3)2 – 1 = 9 –
= 52 × 7 + 1 1 = 8
∴ 9 cot2 A + 9 = 9(8) + 9 = 72 + 9 = 81
ŒuÚke ÷e… ð»ko ™ nkuÞ Œuðk ð»ko{kt fw÷ 52
yXðkrzÞkt y™u 1 rËð‚ nkuÞ. 15. ynª {n¥k{ ykð]r¥k 17 Au, su ð„o 30 – 40 {kt
∴ ÷e… ð»ko ™ nkuÞ Œuðk ð»ko{kt 53 hrððkh ‚{kÞu÷ Au.
ykðu Œu™e ‚t¼kð™k = 17 ∴ ƒnw÷feÞ ð„o 30 – 40 Au.
9. (D) ‚{ktŒh Au. 16. 1
rð¼køk-B
17. 225 = 135 × 1 + 90
135 = 90 × 1 + 45
90 = 45 × 2 + 0
\ økw.Mkk.y. (135, 225) = 45
18. Äkhku fu, 5 Mkt{uÞ MktÏÞk Au.
a
\ 5 = , (ßÞkt a yLku b ÃkhMÃkh yrð¼kßÞ ÃkqýkOf Au íkÚkk a yLku bLkku Mkk{kLÞ yðÞð 1 Au.)
b
a2
\ ( 5 )2 = 2
b
2
a
\ 5 = 2
b
\ a2 = 5b2 _______(1)
yk{, 5 yu a2 Lkku yðÞð Au.
Ãkhtíkw 5 yu yrð¼kßÞ nkuðkÚke, «{uÞ 1.3 {wsçk 5 yu aLkku Ãký yðÞð Au.
40
Äkhku fu, a = 5c, ßÞkt c fkuE ÃkqýkOf Au.

\ (a)2 = (5c)2
\ a2 = 25c2
\ 5b2 = 25c2 (Ãkrhýk{ (1) ÃkhÚke a2 = 5b2 {qfíkkt)
\ b2 = 5c2
yk{, 5 yu b2 Lkku yðÞð Au.
Ãkhtíkw 5 yu yrð¼kßÞ nkuðkÚke, «{uÞ 1.3 {wsçk 5 yu bLkku Ãký yðÞð Au.
yk{, a yLku b Lkku 1 rMkðkÞLkku Mkk{kLÞ yðÞð 5 {¤u Au.
ykÚke a yLku b ÃkhMÃkh yrð¼kßÞ LkÚke, {kxu ykÃkýe Äkhýk ¾kuxe Au.
yk{, Mkkrçkík ÚkkÞ Au fu, 5 yMkt{uÞ Au.
19. (i) p(x) Lkkt þqLÞkuLke MktÏÞk = 3
(ii) p(x) Lkkt þqLÞkuLke MktÏÞk = 2
20. a1 = 9, b1 = 3, c1 = 12, a2 = 18, b2 = 6, c2 = 24
9 a 3 b c
nðu, a1 = 18 = 12 , b1 = 6 = 12 , c1 = 12
24
=1
2
2 2 2
1 1
a b c1
\ =
a
=
b c2
2 2
yÚkðk
20. 2x + y = 5
∴ 2x + y – 5 = 0 .......................(1)
4x + 2y = 10
∴ 4x + 2y – 10 = 0 .......................(2)
a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c1 = –5
a2 = 4, b2 = 2, c2 = –10
a1 b1 1 c1 −
∴ a=
2= 1
, = , = 5 =1
2 4 2 b2 2 2 c − 10 2
1
a b1 c1
∴ a= = yux÷u fu çktLku Mk{efhýku Mk{kLk Au.
2 b2 c2
∴ Mk{efhýÞwø{Lkk yLktík Wfu÷ku {(x, y)/2x + y = 5, x, y ∈ R} Au.
21. ∴ a = 3, b = –4 3 , c = 4
b2 – 4ac = ^–4 3 h
2
– 4(3)(4) = 48 – 48 = 0
ynª, b2 – 4ac = 0 nkuðkÚke ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLkk çktLku çkes Mk{kLk yLku ðkMíkrðf Au.
–b
∴ x =
2a
– ^–4 3 h
∴ x =
2#3
4 3
=
6
2
=
3
2 2
yk{, Mk{efhýLkkt çkes yLku Au.
3 3
41
yÚkðk
21. ∴ a = 2, b = k, c = 3
ykÃku÷k Mk{efhýLkkt çkes Mk{kLk Au.
∴ b2 – 4ac = 0
∴ k2 – 4(2)(3) = 0
∴ k2 – 24 = 0
∴ k2 = 24
∴ k = ± 2 6
22. ∆ ABC y™u ∆ PQR {kt,

AB = 3.8 = 1 BC
= =6 1 CA 3=
=
3 1
, yLku
RQ 7.6 2 QP 12 2 PR 6 3 2
AB BC CA
∴ = =
RQ QP PR
∴ ∆ ABC ∼ ∆ RQP (çkkçkkçkk Mk{YÃkíkk)
∴ ∠C = ∠P
Ãkhtíkw, ∠C = 180° – ∠A – ∠B = 180° – 80° – 60° = 40°
∴ ∠P = 40°
23. A
C B
 fkxfkuý ∆ABC {kt ∠B = 90° Au.
BC = 3
A =
AC 4
BC = AC
∴ = K, K = ÄLk ðkMíkrðf MktÏÞk
3 4
∴ BC = 3K, AC = 4K
AB2 = AC2 – BC2
∴ AB2 = (4K)2 – (3K)2
∴ AB2 = 16K2 – 9K2
∴ AB2 = 7K2
∴ AB = 7K
7K
AB 7
∴ cos A = =
=
4K AC
4
3
sin A 4 3
tan A = = =
cos A 7 7
4
3
∴ tan A =
7
yÚkðk
42
23. zk.çkk. sec A(1 – sin A)(sec A + tan A)

⋅ (1 – sin A) ⋅ c + sin A m
1 1
=
cos A cos A cos A
⋅ (1 – sin A) ⋅ c
1 1 + sin A m
=
cos A cos A
]1 – sin Ag ^1 + sin Ah
=
cos A · cos A
1 – sin2 A
=
cos 2 A
2
cos A
=
cos 2 A
= 1 = s.çkk.
24. A
B C
BC
 ∆ ABC {kt, tan A = AB = 1
\ BC = AB
Äkhku fu, fkuE ÄLk MktÏÞk K {kxu AB = BC = K
2 2 2 2 2
nðu, AC = AB + BC = K + K = 2K = 2 K
BC K 1 AB K 1
\ sin A = = = y™u cos A = = =
AC 2K 2 AC 2K 2
1 1
íkuÚke, 2sin A⋅cos A = 2 × × = 1
2 2
25.
O
12
5 Mku{e.
Mku{
e.
P Q
 ∆ OPQ {kt ∠P = 90° («{uÞ 10.1)
∴ ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ «{kýu,
OQ2 = OP2 + PQ2
∴ PQ2 = OQ2 – OP2
∴ PQ2 = (12)2 – (5)2
∴ PQ2 = 144 – 25
∴ PQ2 = 119
∴ PQ = 119 Mku{e.
yÚkðk
25.
O
r 13
Q 5 P
43
 ∆ OQP {kt, OQ2 + PQ2 = OP2

∴ r2 + (5)2 = (13)2
∴ r2 + 25 = 169
∴ r2 = 169 – 25
∴ r2 = 144
∴ r = 12
ykÚke, ðíkwo¤Lkku ÔÞkMk = 2r = 2(12) = 24 Au.
∴ l = çknw÷f ðøkoLke yÄ: Mke{k = 40
f – f
çknw÷f Z = l + f 2f 1– f –0 f p × h
1 0 2
∴ Z = 40 + c ]7g m × 15
7 – 3
2 – 3 – 6
4 # 15
∴ Z = 40 + 5
∴ Z = 40 + 12
∴ Z = 52
yk{, ykÃku÷ {krníkeLkku çknw÷f 52 Au.
rð¼køk-C
27. x2– 3 = 0
∴ ^x − 3 h ^x + 3 h = 0
∴ x – 3 = 0 yÚkðk x + 3 = 0
∴ x = 3 yÚkðk x = – 3
þqLÞkuLkku Mkhðk¤ku = ^ 3 h + ^− 3 h = 0 b
3 − 3 = 0 = − =− a
1
þqLÞkuLkku økwýkfh = ^ 3 h^− 3 h = –3 = 1 = ac
−3

28. Äkhku fu, «Úk{ yÞwø{ ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk x Au.
íkuÚke çkeS ¢r{f yÞwø{ ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk (x + 2) nkuÞ.
∴ (x)2 + (x + 2)2 = 650
∴ x2 + x2 + 4x + 4 – 650 = 0
∴ 2x2 + 4x – 646 = 0
∴ x2 + 2x – 323 = 0
∴ x2 + 19x – 17x – 323 = 0
∴ x(x + 19) – 17(x + 19) = 0
∴ (x + 19) (x – 17) = 0
∴ x + 19 = 0 yÚkðk x – 17 = 0
∴ x = –19 yÚkðk x = 17
44
Ãkhtíkw x = –19 ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk Lk nkuðkÚke þõÞ LkÚke.

∴ x = 17
yk{, {ktøku÷ çku ¢r{f yÞwø{ ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞkyku 17 yLku 19 Au.
29. ykÃku÷ {krníke ÃkhÚke Mk{ktíkh ©uýe 3, 5, 7, ...., 37 ÚkkÞ.
∴ a = 3, d = 5 – 3 = 2, an = l = 37
an = a + (n – 1)d
∴ 37 = 3 + (n – 1)2
∴ 37 – 3 = (n – 1)2
34
∴ = n – 1
2
∴ n – 1 = 17
∴ n = 18
n
nðu, Sn = (a + an)
2
18
∴ S18 = (3 + 37)
2
∴ S18 = 9 × 40
∴ S18 = 360
ykÚke, þk¤k{kt fw÷ 360 rðãkÚkeoyku nþu.
yÚkðk
29. ‚tÏÞkyku a, 7, b, 23, c ‚{ktŒh ©uýe{kt Au.
∴ 7 – a = b – 7 = 23 – b = c – 23
∴ b – 7 = 23 – b
∴ b + b = 23 + 7
∴ 2b = 30
30
∴ b =
2
∴ b = 15
nðu, 7 – a = b – 7 …hÚke
∴ 7 – a = 15 – 7
∴ 7 – a = 8
∴ a = 7 – 8
∴ a = –1
ŒÚkk 23 – b = c – 23 …hÚke
23 – 15 = c – 23
∴ 8 = c – 23
∴ c = 23 + 8
∴ c = 31
30. D (2, 3) C (6, 3)
A (1, 0) B (7, 0)
 Äkhku
fu, [íkw»fkuý ABCD Lkkt ¢r{f rþhku®çkËwyku A (1, 0), B (7, 0), C (6, 3) yLku D (2, 3) Au.
rðfýo BD ËkuhðkÚke çku rºkfkuýku ∆ ABD yLku ∆ BCD {¤u.
45
∆ ABD Lkkt rþhku®çkËwyku A(1, 0), B(7, 0) yLku D(2, 3) Au.

∴ ∆ ABD Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 12 [1(0 – 3) + 7(3 – 0) + 2(0 – 0)]
1
= [–3 + 21 + 0]
2
1
= [18]
2
1
= × 18
2
= 9
∆ BCD Lkkt rþhku®çkËwyku B (7, 0), C (6, 3) yLku D (2, 3) Au.
1
∴ ∆ BCD Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ = [7(3 – 3) + 6(3 – 0) + 2(0 – 3)]
2
1
= [0 + 18 – 6]
2
1
= [12]
2
1
= × 12
2
=6
nðuu, [íkw»fkuý ABCD Lkwt ûkuºkV¤
= ∆ ABD Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ + ∆ BCD Lkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 9 + 6
= 15 [kuhMk yuf{
31.
P
5 Mku{e
8 Mku{e
T O
R
 TO òuzku. Äkhku fu íku PQ Lku R {kt AuËu Au.

∆ TPQ Mk{rÿçkksw Au yLku TO yu ∠PTQ Lkku rî¼ksf Au.
íkuÚke, OT ⊥ PQ y™u OT yu PQ Lku Ëw¼køku Au.
íkuÚke PR = RQ = 4 Mku{e
fkxfkuý ∆ PRO {kt,
OR = OP2 − PR2 = ]5g2 − ]4g2 = 25 − 16 = 9 = 3 Mku{e
∆ TPR {kt ∠TPR + ∠PTR = ∠PRT = 90°
nðu, ∠TPR + ∠RPO = 90° = ∠TPR + ∠PTR
∴ ∠RPO = ∠PTR
∆ TRP y™u ∆ PRO {kt,
∠PTR = ∠RPO
∠TRP = ∠PRO (fkx¾qýk)
∴ ∆ TRP ∼ ∆ PRO (¾q¾q Mk{YÃkíkk)
46
TP = RP
∴
PO RO
TP = 4
∴
5 3
20
∴ TP = Mku{e
3
32.
30°
A B
P
 ynª, ð]¥kktþ OAPB Au.
θ
ð]íkktþLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 360 × πr2
30
= × 3.14 × 4 × 4
360
12.56
=
3
= 4.19 Mku{e2 (ykMkLLk {qÕÞ)
økwhwð]¥kktþLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ – ÷Äwð]¥kktþ OAPBLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= πr2 – 4.19
= (3.14 × 4 × 4) – 4.19
= 50.24 – 4.19
= 46.05 = 46.1 Mku{e2 (ykMkLLk {qÕÞ)
r = 3.5 Mku{e. r = 3.5 Mku{e.
h = 12 Mku{e.
l = 12.5 Mku{e.
h{fzkLke fw÷ Ÿ[kE = 15.5 Mku{e.
∴ þtfwLke Ÿ[kE + yÄoøkku÷fLke rºkßÞk = 15.5
∴ h + 3.5 = 15.5
∴ h = 12 Mku{e.
15.5 Mku{e.
nðu, l = r2 + h2
∴ l = ]3.5g2 + ]12g2 3.5 Mku{e.
∴ l = 12.25 + 144
∴ l = 156.25
∴ l = 12.5 Mku{e.
h{fzkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤
= yÄoøkku÷fLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤ + þtfwLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 2πr2 + πrl
= πr (2r + l)
47
= 22
7
× 3.5 × [2(3.5) + 12.5]
= 22 × 0.5 × (7 + 12.5)
= 11 × 19.5
= 214.5 Mku{e.2
yk{, h{fzkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤ 214.5 Mku{e.2 Au.
yÚkðk
33. Lk¤kfkh yÄoøkku÷f
ÔÞkMk = 2.8 Mku{e. ÔÞkMk = 2.8 Mku{e.
∴ r = 1.4 Mku{e. ∴ r = 1.4 Mku{e.
Lk¤kfkhLke Ÿ[kE h = fw÷ ÷tçkkE – 2r
∴ h = 5 – 2(1.4)
∴ h = 5 – 2.8
∴ h = 2.2 Mku{e.
1.4
Mku{e.
2.2 Mku{e. 5 Mku{e.
←2.8 Mku{e.→
1.4
Mku{e.
∴ 45 økw÷kçkòtçkwLkwt ½LkV¤ = 45 × yuf økw÷kçkòtçkwLkwt ½LkV¤

= 45 × (Lk¤kfkhLkwt ½LkV¤ + 2 × yÄoøkku÷fLkwt ½LkV¤)
2 3
= 45 × (πr2h + 2 × πr )
3
4 3
= 45 × (πr2h + πr )
3
4
= 45 × πr2 × (h + r)
3
× (1.4)2 × c 2.2 +
22 4 # 1.4 m
= 45 ×
7 3
× 1.96 × c m
22 6 . 6 + 5.6
= 45 ×
7 3
12.2
= 45 × 22 × 0.28 ×
3
= 15 × 22 × 0.28 × 12.2
= 1127.28 Mku{e.3
∴ ¾ktzLke [kMkýeLkwt ½LkV¤ = økw÷kçkòtçkwLkk ½LkV¤Lkk 30%
30
= 1127.28 ×
100
= 338.184 Mku{e.3
= 338 Mku{e.3 (ykþhu)
48
34. {u¤ðu÷ økwý (xi) rðãkÚkeoykuLke MktÏÞk (fi) fi xi

10 1 10
20 1 20
36 3 108
40 4 160
50 3 150
56 2 112
60 4 240
70 4 280
72 1 72
80 1 80
88 2 176
92 3 276
95 1 95
fw÷ Σfi = 30 Σfixi = 1779
/fi xi 1779 593
 ∴ x=
/fi
=
30
=
10
= 59.3
∴ x = 59.3
yÚkðk
34. {krMkf ÞwrLkx økúknfkuLke MktÏÞk Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k
(ðÃkhkþ) ðøko (f) (cf)
65 – 85 4 4
85 – 105 5 9
105 – 125 x 9 + x
125 – 145 20 29 + x
145 – 165 y 29 + x + y
165 – 185 8 37 + x + y
185 – 205 4 41 + x + y
n = 41 + x + y
 ynª, {æÞMÚk 137 yLku

fw÷ ykð]r¥k Σfi = n = 68 = 41 + x + y Au. íkuÚke {æÞMÚk – ðøko 125 – 145 Au.
l = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke yÄ: Mke{k = 125
cf = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLkk ykøk¤Lkk ðøkoLke Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k = 9 + x
n = 68
= 34
2 2
h = ðøkoLke ÷tçkkE = 20
n
{æÞMÚk M = l + f 2 – cf p × h
f
34 – ^9 + xh
∴ 137 = 125 + d n × 20
20
49
∴ 137 – 125 = 34 – 9 – x
∴ 12 = 25 – x
∴ x = 25 – 12
∴ x = 13
nðu, n = Σxi = 41 + x + y
∴ 68 = 41 + 13 + y
∴ 68 = 54 + y
∴ y = 68 – 54
∴ y = 14
ykÚke, 105 Úke 125 íkÚkk 145 Úke 165 yuf{ ÞwrLkx ðÃkhkþ Ähkðíkkt økúknfkuLke MktÏÞk yLkw¢{u 13 yLku
14 Au.
rð¼køk-D
2 + 3
35. = 2 ...................... (1)
x y
4 − 9
= –1 ...................... (2)
x y
Äkhku fu, 1 = a yLku 1 = b ÷uíkkt Mk{e.
x y
(1) yLku (2) Lke[u {wsçk {¤u.
\ 2a + 3b = 2 ...................... (3)
\ 4a – 9b = –1 ....................... (4)
Mk{efhý (3) Lku 3 ðzu yLku Mk{efhý (4) Lku 1 ðzu økwýe Mkhðk¤ku fhíkkt,
6a + 9b = 6
+ 4a – 9b = –1
\ 10a = 5
5
\ a =
10
1
\ a =
2
1
Mk{efhý (3) {kt a = 2 {qfíkkt,
2a + 3b = 2
\ 2 c m + 3b = 2
1

2
\ 1 + 3b = 2
\ 3b = 2 – 1
\ 3b = 1
1
\ b =
3
1 1
= a
nðu,yLku = b Au.
x y
\ 1 = 12 yLku 1 = 1
3
x y
\ x = 2 yLku y = 3
\ x = 4 yLku y = 9
50
36. ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ : fkxfkuý rºkfkuý{kt, fýoLkku ðøko çkkfeLke çku çkkswykuLkk ðøkkuoLkk Mkhðk¤k sux÷ku nkuÞ Au.
Ãkûk : ∆ ABC{kt ∠B fkx¾qýku Au.
MkkæÞ : AC2 = AB2 + BC2
B
A D C
Mkkrçkíke : BD ⊥ AC Ëkuhku.
nðu, ∆ ADB ~ ∆ ABC («{uÞ 6.7)
AD = AB
∴ (yLkwYÃk çkkswyku Mk{«{ký{kt)
AB AC
∴ AB2 = AD × AC ........... (1)
yk s heíku, ∆ BDC ~ ∆ ABC («{uÞ 6.7)
CD = BC
BC AC
∴ BC2 = CD × AC ............... (2)
Ãkrhýk{ (1) yLku Ãkrhýk{ (2) Lkku Mkhðk¤ku ÷uíkkt,
AB2 + BC2 = (AD × AC) + (CD × AC)
∴ AB2 + BC2 = AC × (AD + CD)
∴ AB2 + BC2 = AC × AC ( A–D–C)
∴ AB2 + BC2 = AC2
yÚkðk
36. A
D F
B C
E
 ∆ ABC
{kt, D, E yLku F yLkw¢{u AB, BC yLku CA Lkkt {æÞ®çkËwyku Au.
íkuÚke, AB || EF yLku AC || DE
∴ AD || EF yLku AF || DE
∴ ADEF Mk{ktíkhçkksw [íkw»fkuý Au.
∴ ∠A = ∠DEF
yk s heíku, ∠B = ∠EFD y™u ∠C = ∠EDF
nðu, ∆ ABC y™u ∆ DEF {kt,
∠A = ∠E, ∠B = ∠F, ∠C = ∠D
∴ ∆ ABC ∼ ∆ EFD (¾q¾q¾q þhík)
2
c m ...............(1)
= DF
DEF = DF 2
∴ ABC BC
BC2
∆ ABC {kt, D y™u F yu y™w¢{u AB yLku AC Lkkt {æÞ®çkËwyku Au.
51
1
∴ DF = BC
2
DF 1
∴ =
BC 2
c m c m
2
DF = 1 2
∴
BC 2
c m
2
DF = 1
∴ ...............(2)
BC 4
(1) y™u (2) ÃkhÚke,
DEF = 1
ABC 4
∴ DEF : ABC = 1 : 4
yk{, ∆ DEF yLku ∆ ABC Lkkt ûkuºkV¤kuLkku økwýku¥kh 1 : 4 Au.
37.
ykf]rík {wsçk R÷urõxÙrþÞLkLku Úkkt¼÷k AD ÃkhLkkt ®çkËw B MkwÄe ÃknkU[ðwt Ãkzu.
ykÚke, BD = AD – AB = 5 – 1.3 = 3.7 {e
ynª, rLkMkhýeLke ÷tçkkE BC yux÷u fu fkxfkuý rºkfkuý BDC Lkk fýoLke ÷tçkkE þkuÄðkLke Au.
nðu, sin 60° = BD
BC
3 3.7
∴=
2 BC
3.7 # 2 = 3.7 # 2
∴ BC = = 4.28 {e (ykMkLLk {qÕÞ)
3 1.73
yk{, rLkMkhýeLke ÷tçkkE 4.28 {e nkuðe òuEyu.
DC
nðu, cot 60° = BD
1 = DC
∴
3 3.7
3.7 = 3.7
∴ DC = = 2.14 {e (ykMkLLk {qÕÞ)
3 1.73
ykÚke, íkuýu rLkMkhýeLkk Lke[uLkk AuzkLku Úkkt¼÷kÚke 2.14 {e Ëqh hk¾ðe Ãkzu.
38.
A
e.
‚u{
6
O 10 ‚u{e. M P
B
(1) 6 Mku{e. rºkßÞk yLku O fuLÿðk¤wt ðíkwo¤ h[e íkuLke çknkhLkk ¼køk{kt ®çkËw P yuðwt ÷ku, fu suÚke OP = 10
Mku{e. ÚkkÞ.
(3) M fuLÿ yLku MO rºkßÞk ÷E yuf ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku, su O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lku A yLku B ®çkËw{kt AuËu.
(4) PA yLku PB òuzku.
(5) yk{, PA yLku PB {køÞk {wsçkLkk MÃkþofku Au, su{Lke ËhufLke ÷tçkkE PA = PB = 8 Mku{e. Au.
52
yÚkðk
38. A
6
A' Mku{
e.
4 Mku{e.
B C
5 Mku{e. C'
B1
B2
B3
X
(1) AB = 4 Mku{e., BC = 5 Mku{e. yLku AC = 6 Mku{e. nkuÞ íkuðku ∆ ABC Ëkuhku.
(2) BC Lkk su yÄoík÷{kt A Au íkuLkkÚke rðhwØ yÄoík÷{kt BC MkkÚku ∠CBX ÷½wfkuý çkLku íkuðwt rfhý BX Ëkuhku.
(3) BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 ÚkkÞ íkuðkt ºký ( 32 {kt 2 yLku 3 Ãkife {kuxe MktÏÞk 3) ®çkËwyku B1, B2, B3 rfhý
BX Ãkh ytrfík fhku.
(4) B3C òuzku.
(5) ∠BB3C = ∠BB2C' h[eLku B2 {ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku B3C Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su BC Lku C' {kt AuËu.
(6) ∠BCA = ∠BC'A' h[eLku C' {ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku CA Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su BA Lku A' {kt AuËu.
(7) yk{, ∆ A'BC' Lke çkkswyku ykÃku÷ ∆ ABC Lke yLkwYÃk çkkswyku fhíkkt 32 økýe nkuÞ íkuðku ∆ A'BC' Au.
39. ynª þtfwLkk ykzAuË ykfkhLke xktfe {kxu,
10 6
r1 = {exh = 5 {exh, r2 = 2 {exh = 3 {exh yLku h = 3 {exh Au.
2
1
∴ xktfeLkwt ½LkV¤ = πh(r12 + r22 + r1r2)
3
# 3 # []5g2 + ]3 g2 + ]5 # 3g]
1 22
# =
3 7
22
= × (25 + 9 + 15)
7
22
= × 49
7
= 22 × 7
= 154 {e3
= 154 × 1000 r÷xh
= 154000 r÷xh
yk{, xktfe{kt 154000 r÷xh íku÷ Mk{kÞ.
xktfeLkwt ½LkV¤
nðu, ÃkeÃkLke MktÏÞk = ÃkeÃkLkwt ½LkV¤
154000 r÷xh
=
200 r÷xh
= 770 ÃkeÃk
yk{, xktfe{ktLkk íku÷Lkk 770 ÃkeÃk ¼hkÞ.
53

rð¼køk-A
1. ¾hwt ∴ cos2 θ = 0
∴ cos θ = 0
2. ¾hwt
∴ cos θ = cos 90°
3. ¾hwt ∴ θ = 90°
4. ¾hwt 11. (A) 8
1
 P(A) = P( A ) = 2 nkuE þfu.  „ku¤k™e rºkßÞk = r nkuÞ íÞkhu „ku¤k™wt ½™V¤
4 3
5. x + y + 15 V = πr
3
6. (2, 3) rºkßÞk ƒ{ýe fhŒkt ™ðe rºkßÞk R = 2r nkuÞ,
 AD {æÞøkk nkuðkÚke D yu BCLkwt {æÞ®çkËw Au. íÞkhu „ku¤k™wt ½™V¤ V' = 34 π R3 = 34 π(2r)3
Þk{ = c 3 1 , 2 4 m = (2, 3)
+ + 4 3
∴ DLkk = 8( πr ) = 8 V
2 2 3
12. (C) 0
7. 60°
 10 r{r™x™k ‚{Þ„k¤k{kt r{r™x fktxku îkhk fuLÿ –b ± b 2 – 4ac

13. x =
360° 2a
yk„¤ ƒ™Œku ¾qýku = × 10 = 6° × 10
14. cosec2 c m – cot2 c m = cot 45°
60 x x + 30
= 60° 2 3
∴ cosec2 c m – cot2 c m = 1
5 x
x + 30
8.
6 2 3
 fw÷ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk = 36
∴
x = x + 30
( cosec2 θ – cot2 θ = 1)
þõÞ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk = 30 2 3
∴ 3x = 2x + 60
30 5
∴ Mkt¼kðLkk = 36 = 6 ∴ x = 60
a1 b1 c sqLkku Mkhðk¤ku – hË fhu÷wt yð÷kufLk
9. (D) a= = 1 15. Lkðku {æÞf =
2 b2 c2 çkkfe hnu÷kt yð÷kufLkkuLke MktÏÞk
8x − y
10. (D) 90° = 7
 7 cos2 θ + 3 sin2 θ = 3
3
∴ 7 cos2 θ + 3(1 – cos2 θ) = 3 16.
26
∴ 7 cos2 θ + 3 – 3 cos2 θ = 3 6 = 3
∴ 4 cos2 θ = 0  Mkt¼kðLkk =
52 26
rð¼køk-B
17. 867 = 255 × 3 + 102
255 = 102 × 2 + 51
102 = 51 × 2 + 0
\ „w.‚k.y. (867, 255) = 51
18. 6 = 2 × 3
20 = 22 × 5
∴ økw.Mkk.y. (6, 20) = 2
∴ ÷.Mkk.y. (6, 20) = 22 × 3 × 5 = 60
54
2x – 1
19.
x + 2 2x2 + 3x + 1
2x2 + 4x
– –
– x + 1
– x – 2
+ +
3
∴ 2x3 + 3x + 1 = (x + 2) (2x – 1) + 3
∴ ¼køkV¤ = 2x – 1 yLku þu»k = 3
20. a1 = 9, b1 = 3, c1 = 12, a2 = 18, b2 = 6, c2 = 24
9 a b c
nðu, a1 = 18 = 12 , b1 = 36 = 12 , c1 = 12
24
=1
2
2 2 2
1 1
a b c1
\ =
a
=
b c2
2 2
yÚkðk
20. 4x + Py + 8 = 0
2x + 2y + 2 = 0
ynª, a1 = 4, b1 = P, a2 = 2, b2 = 2
nðu, Mk{efhýÞwø{Lku yLkLÞ Wfu÷ nkuðkÚke,
a b
a 1 ! b 1
2 2
4 P
∴ !
2 2
∴ P ≠ 4
yk{, P Lke 4 rMkðkÞLke ík{k{ ®f{íkku {kxu Mk{efhýÞwø{Lku yLkLÞ Wfu÷ {¤u.
21. x2 – 8x + 15 = 0
({æÞ ÃkË)2 ]–8xg2 64x2
ytrík{ ÃkË = = = 2 = 16
4 × «Úk{ ÃkË 4# x
2
4x
∴ x2 – 8x + 16 – 16 + 15 = 0
∴ (x2 – 8x + 16) – (16 – 15) = 0
∴ (x – 4)2 – (1)2 = 0
∴ (x – 4 – 1) (x – 4 + 1) = 0
∴ (x – 5) (x – 3) = 0
∴ x – 5 = 0 yÚkðk x – 3 = 0
∴ x = 5 yÚkðk x = 3
∴ Mk{efhýLkk Wfu÷ : 5, 3
yÚkðk
1
21. x – x = 3
\ x2 – 1 = 3x
\ x2 – 3x – 1 = 0
a = 1, b = –3, c = –1
b2 – 4ac = (–3)2 – 4(1)(–1) = 9 + 4 = 13
55
− b ! b2 − 4ac
\ x =
2a
− (− 3) ! 13
\ x =
2 (1)
3 ! 13
\ x =
2
3 + 13 3 − 13
\ Mk{efhýLkkt çkes : ,
2 2
22. ∠DOC + ∠BOC = 180° (hir¾f òuzLkk ¾qýkyku)
∴ ∠DOC + 125° = 180°
∴ ∠DOC = 180° – 125°
∴ ∠DOC = 55°
∆ ODC {kt, ∠CDO + ∠DCO + ∠DOC = 180°
∴ 70° + ∠DCO + 55° = 180°
∴ ∠DCO = 180° – 70° – 55°
∴ ∠DCO = 55°
nðu, ∆ ODC ~ ∆ OBA
∴ ∠OCD = ∠OAB (yLkwYÃk ¾qýkyku)
∴ ∠DCO = ∠OAB
∴ ∠OAB = 55°
23. A
30°
BC
 tan 30° = BC yLku sin 30° = AB
AB
AC
1 = 5 5
∴
BC
yLku 12 = AC
3
∴ BC = 5 3 Mku{e yLku AC = 10 Mku{e
yÚkðk
cot A – cos A
23. zk.çkk. cot A + cos A
cos A
– cos A
sin A
=
cos A +
cos A
sin A
cos A c – 1m
1
sin A
=
cos A c + 1m
1
sin A
1
– 1
sin A
=
1 + 1
sin A
cosec A – 1
= = s.çkk.
cosec A + 1
56
24. A
θ
B C
 ∆ ABC {kt ∠B = 90° yLku ∠C = θ Au.
\ cot θ = 87
BC
\ AB = 87
BC
\ 7 = AB 8
= k, k = ÄLk ðkMíkrðf MktÏÞk
\ BC = 7k, AB = 8k
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
\ AC2 = (8k)2 + (7k)2
\ AC2 = 64k2 + 49k2
\ AC2 = 113k2
\ AC = 113 k
8k AB 8
sin θ == =
113 kAC 113
BC 7k 7
cos θ == AC
=
113 k 113
(1 + sin θ) (1 − sin θ) 1 − sin2 θ
nðu, (1 + cos θ) (1 − cos θ) =
1 − cos 2 θ
64
1−
113 49
= =
49 64
1−
113
25.
O P
15 8
T
 ∆ OTP {kt ∠T = 90°
Au.
∴ OP2 = OT2 + PT2 (ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ)
∴ OP2 = (15)2 + (8)2
∴ OP2 = 225 + 64
∴ OP2 = 289
∴ OP = 17
yÚkðk
25. C1
C2
O
A M B
57
 ynª, O fuLÿðk¤k çku Mk{fuLÿeÞ ðíkwo¤ku C1 yLku C2 Au.

su{kt {kuxk ðíkwo¤ C1 Lke Sðk AB LkkLkk ðíkwo¤ C2 Lku ®çkËw M {kt MÃkþuo Au.
∴ OM ⊥ AB («{uÞ 10.1)
nðu, AB yu ðíkwo¤ C1 Lke Sðk Au yLku OM ⊥ AB nkuðkÚke OM yu Sðk ABLkku ÷tçkrî¼ksf nkuÞ,
fkhý fu fuLÿ{ktÚke SðkLku Ëkuhu÷ku ÷tçk SðkLku Ëw¼køku Au.
∴ AM = MB
yk{, {kuxk ðíkwo¤Lke Sðk LkkLkk ðíkwo¤Lku MÃkþoíke nkuÞ, íkku MÃkþo®çkËw íku SðkLku Ëw¼køku Au.
26. ynª {n¥k{ ykð]r¥k 23 yu 35 – 45 ðøkoLke ykð]r¥k nkuðkÚke çknw÷f ðøko 35 – 45 Au.
f – f
çknw÷f Z = l + f 2f 1– f –0 f p × h
1 0 2
∴ Z = 35 + d 23 − 21 n × 10
2 (23) − 21 − 14
∴ Z = 35 + 2 11 10
#
∴ Z = 35 + 1.82
∴ Z = 36.82 (ykþhu)
rð¼køk-C
27. p(x) = 3x3 – 5x2 – 11x – 3
∴ a = 3, b = –5, c = –11, d = –3
x = 3 ÷uíkkt, p(3) = 3(3)3 – 5(3)2 – 11(3) – 3
= 81 – 45 – 33 – 3 = 0
x = –1 ÷uíkkt, p(–1) = 3(–1)3 – 5(–1)2 – 11(–1) – 3
= –3 – 5 + 11 – 3 = 0
p c – m = 3 c – m – 5 c – m – 11 c – m – 3
1 1 1 3 1 2 1
x = – ÷u í kkt ,
3 3 3 3 3
= 3 c– m – 5c m +
1 1 11
–3
27 9 3
1 5 + 11
= – – –3
9 9 3
–1 – 5 + 33 – 27
=
9
0
= = 0
9
ykÚke, 3, –1 yLku – 13 yu
p(x) = 3x3 – 5x2 – 11x – 3 Lkkt þqLÞku Au.
58
ykÚke, α = 3, β = –1 yLku γ = – 13 ÷Eyu íkku,
= 3 + (–1) + c – m
1
α + β + γ
3
1
= 3 – 1 –
3
9 – 3–1
=
3
5
=
3
– ]–5g –b
= =
3 a
αβ + βγ + γα = 3 × (–1) + (–1) c – m + c – m × 3
1 1

3 3
1
= –3 + – 1
3
–9 + 1 – 3 –11 c
= = = a
3 3
= 3 × (–1) × c – m
1
αβγ
3
= 1
– ]–3g
=
3
–d
= a
28. Äkhku fu, {kuxk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤ îkhk xktfe x f÷kf{kt ¼hkÞ Au.
ykÚke LkkLkk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤ îkhk xktfe (x + 1) f÷kf{kt ¼hkÞ.
íkuÚke yuf f÷kfLkk Mk{Þøkk¤k{kt {kuxk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤ îkhk xktfeLkku 1x ¼køk yLku LkkLkk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤
îkhk xktfeLkku x 1+ 1 ¼køk ¼hkÞ.
yk{, yuf f÷kfLkk Mk{Þøkk¤k{kt çktLku Lk¤ yuf MkkÚku [k÷w fhíkkt xktfeLkku c x + x + 1 m ¼køk ¼hkÞ.
1 1

72 6
çktLku Lk¤Lku yuf MkkÚku xktfe ¼híkkt 1 f÷kf 12
r{rLkx = 60 f÷kf = 5 f÷kf ÷køku Au, {kxu çktLku
5
Lk¤ yuf MkkÚku yuf f÷kf{kt xktfeLkku 6 ¼køk ¼hu.
1 1 5
∴ x + =
x +1 6
∴ 6(x + 1) + 6x = 5x(x + 1)
∴ 6x + 6 + 6x = 5x2 + 5x
∴ 5x2 + 5x – 6x – 6 – 6x = 0
∴ 5x2 – 7x – 6 = 0
∴ 5x2 – 10x + 3x – 6 = 0
∴ 5x(x – 2) + 3(x – 2) = 0
∴ (x – 2)(5x + 3) = 0
∴ x – 2 = 0 yÚkðk 5x + 3 = 0
3
∴ x = 2 yÚkðk x = – 5
59
Ãkhtíkw Mk{Þ Éý c x = – 5 m þõÞ LkÚke.

3

∴ x = 2 yLku x + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3
yk{, {kuxk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤ îkhk xktfe ¼hkíkkt 2 f÷kf yLku LkkLkk ÔÞkMkðk¤k Lk¤ îkhk xktfe ¼hkíkkt
3 f÷kf ÷køku.
29. ynª, a3 = 5
∴ a + 2d = 5 .....................(1)
a7 = 9
∴ a + 6d = 9 .....................(2)
Mk{efhý (1) {ktÚke Mk{efhý (2) çkkË fhíkkt,
(a + 2d) – (a + 6d) = 5 – 9
∴ a + 2d – a – 6d = –4
∴ – 4d = –4
∴ d = 1
Mk{efhý (1) {kt d = 1 {qfíkkt,
a + 2d = 5
∴ a + 2(1) = 5
∴ a + 2 = 5
∴ a = 3
∴ a1 = a = 3
a2 = a + d = 3 + 1 = 4
a3 = a + 2d = 3 + 2(1) = 3 + 2 = 5
a4 = a + 3d = 3 + 3(1) = 3 + 3 = 6
ykÚke, {ktøku÷ Mk{ktíkh ©uýe 3, 4, 5, 6, ........ Au.
yÚkðk
29. 0 yLku 50 ðå[uLkk yÞwø{ ÃkqýkOfkuÚke Mk{ktíkh ©uýe 1, 3, 5, 7, ........, 49 çkLku.
a = 1, d = 3 – 1 = 2 , an = 49
an = a + (n – 1) d
∴ 49 = 1 + (n – 1) 2
∴ 49 – 1 = (n – 1) 2
48
∴ = n – 1
2
∴ n – 1 = 24
∴ n = 25
nðu, Sn = 2n (a + an)
25
∴ S25 = (1 + 49)
2
25
= × 50
2
= 25 × 25
= 625
60
30. Äkhku fu, X-yûk ÃkhLkwt ®çkËw P (x, 0) yu ®çkËwyku A (1, –5) yLku B (–4, 5) Lku òuzíkk hu¾k¾tzLkwt
m1 : m2 økwýku¥kh{kt rð¼ksLk fhu Au.
m1 x2 + m2 x1 m1 y2 + m2 y1
∴ rð¼ksLk fhíkkt ®çkËw P Lkk Þk{ = f , p
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
− 4m1 + m2 5m1 − 5m2
∴ (x, 0) = f , p
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
5m1 – 5m2
∴ 0 =
m1 + m2
(y-Þk{ Mkh¾kðíkkt)
∴ 0 = 5m1 – 5m2
∴ 5m1 = 5m2
∴ m1 = m2
m
1 1
∴ m =
2 1
∴ m1 : m2 = 1 : 1
− 4m1 + m2
x = (x-Þk{ Mkh¾kðíkkt)
m1 + m2
− 4 (1) + 1
∴ x =
1+1
−4 + 1
∴ x =
2
3
∴ x = −
2
yk{, X-yûk ®çkËwyku A (1, –5) yLku B (–4, 5) Lku òuzíkk hu¾k¾tzLkwt 1 : 1 økwýku¥kh{kt ®çkËw c − 2 , 0 m
3
Ãkh rð¼ksLk fhu Au.

31.
O
5 3
A M B
 yne,  (0, 5)Lke

Sðk AB yu  (0, 3) Lku M ®çkËwyu MÃkþuo Au.
íkuÚke OM ⊥ AB y™u M yu AB Lkwt {æÞ®çkËw Au.
∆ OMA {kt, ∠OMA = 90° Au.
∴ AM2 + OM2 = OA2 (ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ)
∴ AM2 + (3)2 = (5)2
∴ AM2 + 9 = 25
∴ AM2 = 25 – 9
∴ AM2 = 16
∴ AM = 4
Ãkhtíkw, AB = 2AM Au.
∴ AB = 2 × 4
∴ AB = 8
yk{, Sðk AB Lke ÷tçkkE 8 Au.
61
32.
O 1
2
Mku{
120°
e.
A M B
P
 ynª, r = 12
Mku{e. yLku θ = 120° Au.
∆ OAB {kt ∠AOB = 120° yLku OA = OB Au.
íkuÚke ∆ OAB Mk{rîçkksw rºkfkuý Au.
OM ⊥ AB ÷uíkkt, OM yu ∠AOB Lku íku{s çkksw BC Lku Ëw¼køku Au.
1 1
\ ∠AOM = ∠AOB = × 120° = 60° yLku AB = 2AM
2 2
∆ AOM {kt ∠AMO = 90° Au.
OM
\ cos O =
OA
yLku sin O = AM
OA
OM
\ cos 60° =
12
yLku sin 60 = AM
12
1 OM 3 AM
\ = yLku =
2 12 2 12
\ OM = 6 Mku{e. yLku AM = 6 3 Mku{e.
nðu, AB = 2 AM = 2 × 6 3 = 12 3 Mku{e.
Mk{rîçkksw ∆ OAB Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 12 × AB × OM
1
= × 12 3 × 6
2
= 36 3
= 36 × 1.73
= 62.28 Mku{e.2
πr 2 θ 3.14 # 12 # 12 # 120
÷½wð]¥kktþ OAPBLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 360 = 360
= 150.72 Mku{e.2
\ ÷½wð]¥k¾tz APBLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = ÷½wð]¥kktþ OAPB Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ – Mk{rîçkksw ∆ OAB Lkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 150.72 – 62.28
= 88.44 Mku{e.2
33. Lk¤kfkh ÃÞk÷ku yÄoøkku÷f
ÔÞkMk = 5 Mku{e. ÔÞkMk = 5 Mku{e.
5 5
∴ r = Mku{e. ∴ r = Mku{e.
2 2
 = 10 Mku{e.
= πr2h
ÃÞk÷kLke yk¼kMke ûk{íkk
5 5
= 3.14 × × × 10
2 2
= 1.57 × 5 × 5 × 5
= 196.25 Mku{e.3
62
yÄoøkku÷fLkwt ½LkV¤ = 32 πr3

2 5 5 5
= × 3.14 × × ×
3 2 2 2
= 32.71 Mku{e.3
ÃÞk÷kLke ðkMíkrðf ûk{íkk = ÃÞk÷kLke yk¼kMke ûk{íkk – yÄoøkku÷fLkwt ½LkV¤
= 196.25 – 32.71
= 163.54 Mku{e.3
yÚkðk
33. ÷tçk½Lk
5.5 Mku{e. × 10 Mku{e. × 3.5 Mku{e.
Lk¤kfkh ([ktËeLkk rMk¬k)
ÔÞkMk = 1.75 Mku{e.
∴ r = 0.875 Mku{e.
h =2 {e{e = 0.2 Mku{e.
÷tçk½LkLkwt ½LkV¤
[ktËeLkk rMk¬kykuLke MktÏÞk =
[ktËeLkk rMk¬kLkwt ½LkV¤
5.5 # 10 # 3.5
=
πr 2 h
5.5 # 10 # 3.5 # 7
=
22 # 0.875 # 0.875 # 0.2
1347.5
=
3.36875
= 400
yk{, [ktËeLkk 400 rMk¬k ykuøkk¤ðk Ãkzu.
34. ynª, ðøko÷tçkkE Mk{kLk LkÚke. íkuÚke a = 125 yLku h = 20 ÷ELku ÃkË-rð[÷LkLke heíkLkku WÃkÞkuøk fheþwt.
rðfuxkuLke çkku÷hkuLke xi – a
xi ui = fi ui
MktÏÞk (ðøko) MktÏÞk ( f i ) h
20 – 60 7 40 –4.25 –29.75
60 – 100 5 80 –2.25 –11.25
100 – 150 16 125 = a 0 0
150 – 250 12 200 3.75 45.00
250 – 350 2 300 8.75 17.50
350 – 450 3 400 13.75 41.25
fw÷ Σfi = 45 – – Σfiui = 62.75
/ f i ui
nðu, x = a + × h
/ fi
62.75 # 20
∴ x = 125 +
45
63
∴ x = 125 + 27.89
∴ x = 152.89
yk{, {æÞf 152.89 Mkq[ðu Au fu, 45 çkku÷hkuyu yuf rËðMkeÞ r¢fux {u[ku{kt Mkhuhkþ 152.89 yux÷u fu
ykþhu 153 rðfuxku ÷eÄe Au.
çkeS heík :
rðfuxkuLke çkku÷hkuLke {æÞf
di = xi – a fi di
MktÏÞk (ðøko) MktÏÞk ( f i ) ®f{ík xi
20 – 60 7 40 –160 –1120
60 – 100 5 80 –120 –600
100 – 150 16 125 –75 –1200
150 – 250 12 200 = a 00 00
250 – 350 2 300 100 200
350 – 450 3 400 200 600
fw÷ ∑fi = 45 ∑fidi = –2920 + 800

= –2120
/fidi
 Mkqºk x ({æÞf) = a + /fi
2120
= 200 –
45
= 200 – 47.11 = 152.89
∴ x = 152.89
yk{, {æÞf 152.89 Mkq[ðu Au fu, 45 çkku÷hkuyu yuf rËðMkeÞ r¢fux {u[ku{kt Mkhuhkþ 152.89 yux÷u fu
ykþhu 153 rðfuxku ÷eÄe Au.
yÚkðk
34. ðsLk (rf.økúk) rðãkÚkeoykuLke Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k
(ðøko) MktÏÞk (fi) (cf)
40 – 45 2 2
45 – 50 3 5
50 – 55 8 13
55 – 60 6 19
60 – 65 6 25
65 – 70 3 28
70 – 75 2 30
n = 30
 ynª, n = 30
n 30
∴ = = 15
2 2
64
ynª, 15 Úke íkhík {kuxe Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k 19 yu ðøko 55 – 60 {kt nkuðkÚke {æÞMÚk ðøko 55 – 60 Au.
íkuÚke, l = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke yÄ:Mke{k = 55
cf = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLkk ykøk¤Lkk ðøkoLke Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k = 13
n
{æÞMÚk M = l + f 2 cf p × h
−
f
∴ M = 55 + c
15 − 13 m
× 5
6
2#5
∴ M = 55 +
6
∴ M = 55 + 1.67
∴ M = 56.67
yk{, rðãkÚkeoykuLkk ðsLkLkku {æÞMÚk 56.67 rføkúk Au.
rð¼køk-D
35. Äkhku fu nkuzeLke ÂMÚkh Ãkkýe{kt ÍzÃk x rf{e./f÷kf yLku LkËeLkk «ðknLke ÍzÃk y rf{e./f÷kf Au.
(x > y) íkuÚke LkËeLkk «ðknLke rËþk{kt nkuzeLke ÍzÃk (x + y) rf{e./f÷kf yLku LkËeLkk Mkk{k «ðknu
nkuzeLke ÍzÃk (x – y) rf{e./f÷kf Úkþu.
nðu, Mk{Þ = ytíkh
ÍzÃk
íkuÚke nkuze 30 rf{e. LkËeLkk «ðknLke Mkk{uLke rËþk{kt òÞ íÞkhu ÷køkíkku Mk{Þ t1 ÷Eyu íkku, t1 = x30
− y f÷kf
òu nkuze 44 rf{e. LkËeLkk «ðknLke rËþk{kt òÞ íÞkhu ÷køkíkku Mk{Þ t2 ÷Eyu íkku, t2 = x44
+ y f÷kf
ð¤e, t1 + t2 = 10 f÷kf ykÃku÷ Au.
30 + 44
∴ = 10 ....................(1)
x−y x+y
íku s «{kýu, nkuzeLku LkËeLkk Mkk{k «ðknu 40 rf{e. yLku LkËeLkk «ðknLke rËþk{kt 55 rf{e. ytíkh fkÃkíkkt
÷køkíkku fw÷ Mk{Þ 13 f÷kf Au.
40 + 55
∴ = 13 ....................(2)
x−y x+y
Mk{efhý (1) yLku (2){kt x 1− y = a yLku x 1+ y = b ÷uíkkt,
30a + 44b = 10 yux÷u fu, 30a + 44b – 10 = 0 ....................(3)

40a + 55b = 13 yux÷u fu, 40a + 55b – 13 = 0 ....................(4)
Mk{efhý (3) yLku (4) {kxu [kufze økwýkfkhLke heíkLkku WkìÃkÞkuøk fhíkkt,
a = b = 1
b1 c2 − b2 c1 c1 a2 − c2 a1 a1 b2 − a2 b1
a = b = 1
∴
44 (− 13) − 55 (− 10) (− 10) 40 − (− 13) (30) 30 (55) − 40 (44)
a= = 1 b
∴ − − 400 + 390 1650 − 1760
572 + 550
65
∴ −
a= = 1 b
22 − 10 − 110
∴ − = 1
a
, −
b = 1
22 − 110 10 − 110
− 22 − 10
∴ a = − , b = −
110 110
1 1
∴ a = , b =
5 11
Ãkhtíkw, x 1− y = a , 1
x+y
= b
1 = 1 , 1 = 1
∴
x−y 5 x+y 11
∴ x – y = 5 ........................(5)
x + y = 11 ........................(6)
Mk{efhý (5) yLku (6) Lkku Mkhðk¤ku fhíkkt,
x – y = 5
+ x + y = 11
∴ 2x = 16
∴ x = 8
Mk{efhý (6) {kt x = 8 {qfíkkt,
x + y = 11
∴ 8 + y = 11
∴ y = 11 – 8
∴ y = 3
ykÚke, ÂMÚkh Ãkkýe{kt nkuzeLke ÍzÃk 8 rf{e./f÷kf yLku LkËeLkk «ðknLke ÍzÃk 3 rf{e./f÷kf Au.
36. Ãkûk : ∆ ABC {kt, AC2 = AB2 + BC2
MkkæÞ : ∠B = 90°
A P
B C Q R
Mkkrçkíke : ∆ PQR yuðku h[ku su{kt ∠Q fkx¾qýku íkÚkk AB = PQ y™u BC = QR nkuÞ.

nðu, ∆ PQR {kt, ∠Q = 90°
∴ PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 (ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ)
∴ PR2 = AB2 + BC2 .................(1)
Ãkhtíkw, Ãkûk {wsçk, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ............(2)
∴ AC2 = PR2 ((1) y™u (2) ÃkhÚke)
∴ AC = PR .................(3)
nðu, ∆ ABC yLku ∆ PQR{kt
AB = PQ (h[Lkk)
BC = QR (h[Lkk)
66
AC = PR ((3) {wsçk)
∴ ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ PQR (yufYÃkíkkLke çkkçkkçkk þhík)
∴ ∠B = ∠Q (yLkwYÃk ¾qýkyku)
Ãkhtíkw, ∠Q = 90° (h[Lkk)
∴ ∠B = 90°
yÚkðk
36. D C
A B
 ∆ AOB yLku ∆ COD{kt,
∠OAB = ∠OCD (Þwø{fkuý)
∠OBA = ∠ODC (Þwø{fkuý)
∠AOB = ∠COD (yr¼fkuý)
\ ∆ AOB ~ ∆ COD (¾q¾q¾q þhík)
AOB = AB2
∴
COD CD 2
2
AOB = (2CD)
∴
COD CD 2
2
AOB = 4CD
∴
COD CD 2
AOB = 4
∴
COD 1
∴ AOB : COD = 4 : 1
37.
 ykf]rík{kt, AB E{khíkLke Ÿ[kE, BD æðsMíkt¼ y™u P yu s{eLk ÃkhLkwt ®çkËw Ëþkoðu Au.
ynª, çku fkxfkuý rºkfkuý PAB y™u PAD çkLku Au. æðsMíkt¼Lke ÷tçkkE = DB y™u E{khíkLkwt ®çkËw P
Úke ytíkh = AP
fkxfkuý ∆ PAB {kt,
tan 30° = AB
AP
1 = 10
∴
3 AP
67
∴ AP = 10 3
∴ AP = 10 × 1.732
∴ AP = 17.32 {e
ykÚke, E{khíkLkwt ®çkËw P Úke ytíkh 17.32 {e Au.
nðu, Äkhku fu DB = x {e Au.
íkuÚke AD = (10 + x) {e ÚkkÞ
fkxfkuý ∆ PAD {kt,
tan 45° = AD
AP
10 + x
∴ 1 =
10 3
∴ x = 10 3 – 10
∴ x = 10 ( 3 – 1)
∴ x = 10 (1.732 – 1)
∴ x = 10 (0.732)
∴ x = 7.32
yk{, æðsMíkt¼Lke ÷tçkkE 7.32 {e Au.
38.
Q
e
‚u{
4
O P
6 ‚u{e M
(1) 4 Mku{e. yLku 6 Mku{e. rºkßÞkðk¤k yLku O fuLÿðk¤kt Mk{fuLÿe ðíkwo¤ku h[ku.
(2) 6 Mku{e. rºkßÞkðk¤k yLku O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤ Ãkh P ®çkËw ÷E OP òuzku yLku OP Lkku ÷tçkrî¼ksf h[ku.
su OP Lku M ®çkËw{kt AuËu
(3) M fuLÿ yLku MO rºkßÞkðk¤wt ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku, su LkkLkk ðíkwo¤Lku Q yLku R {kt AuËu.
(4) PQ yLku PR Ëkuhku.
(5) yk{, PQ yLku PR yu ®çkËw P {ktÚke Ëkuhu÷kt {køÞk {wsçkLkk MÃkþofku Au, suLke ËhufLke ÷tçkkE 4.5 Mku{e. Au.
∆ PQO{kt ∠Q = 90° nkuðkÚke, OP2 = OQ2 + PQ2
\ PQ2 = OP2 – OQ2
\ PQ2 = 36 – 16 = 20
\ PQ = 20 = 4.47
= 4.5 Mku{e.
68
yÚkðk
38.
A'
A
6
Mku{
e.
Mku{
e.
5
B 7 Mku{e. C C'
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
X
(1) AB = 5 Mku{e., BC = 7 Mku{e. yLku AC = 6 Mku{e. nkuÞ íkuðku ∆ ABC h[ku.
(2) BC Lkk su yÄoík÷{kt ®çkËw A nkuÞ íkuLkkÚke rðhwØ yÄoík÷{kt rfhý BX Ëkuhku, suÚke ∠CBX ÷½wfkuý ÚkkÞ.
(3) BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4 = B4B5 = B5B6 = B6B7 ÚkkÞ íkuðkt ®çkËwyku B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7
Lku rfhý BX Ãkh ytrfík fhku.
(4) B5C òuzku.
(5) ∠BB5C = ∠BB7C' h[eLku B7 {ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku B5C Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su ÷tçkkðu÷ BC Lku
C'{kt AuËu.
(6) ∠BCA = ∠BC'A' h[eLku C' {ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku AC Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su ÷tçkkðu÷ BA Lku A'{kt AuËu.
(7) yk{, ∆ A'BC' {køÞk {wsçkLkku rºkfkuý Au, suLke çkkswyku ∆ ABC Lke yLkwYÃk çkkswykuÚke 57 økýe Au.
39. Mk{½LkLke ÄkhLkwt {kÃk = l = 5 Mku{e.

ÔÞkMk 4.2
yÄoøkku÷f {kxu, rºkßÞk = r = 2 = 2 = 2.1 Mku{e.
þku-ÃkeMkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤
= Mk{½LkLkwt Ãk]cV¤ – yÄoøkku÷fLkk ðíkwo¤kfkh ÃkkÞkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ + yÄoøkku÷fLke ð¢ MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 6l2 – πr2 + 2πr2
= 6l2 + πr2
= 6(5)2 + b # 2.1 # 2.1 l

22

7
= 150 + 13.86
= 163.86 Mku{e.2
ykÚke, þku-ÃkeMkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤ 163.86 Mku{e.2 Úkþu.
69

rð¼køk-A
1. ¾hwt b2 − a2
∴ cos θ =
2. ¾hwt b2
3. ¾kuxwt b2 − a2
∴ cos θ =
b
4. ¾kuxwt
11. (D) 27 : 64
 Mðh = 5 yLku íkuÚke ÔÞtsLk = 21
ÔÞtsLk 21
 ƒu „ku¤kyku™e rºkßÞkyku™ku „wýku¥kh = 3 : 4
∴ Mkt¼kðLkk = =
fw÷ {q¤kûkhku 26 ∴ ƒu „ku¤kyku™k ½™V¤™ku „wýku¥kh = (3 : 4)3
= 27 : 64
5. 2
1
 3x – 2y = xy 12. (C)
7
3x 2y xy
∴ xy − xy = xy (Mk{e.Lku xy ðzu ¼køkíkkt)  ÷eÃk ð»ko{kt Vuçkúwykhe {rnLkk{kt 29 rËðMk nkuÞ.
32 13. 6
∴ y− x =1
 rî½kŒ ‚{efhý 6x2 – 13x + m = 0 ™u
6 4
∴ y − x =2 (2 ðzu økwýíkkt) ax2 + bx + c = 0 ‚kÚku ‚h¾kðŒkt
a = 6, b = –13, c = m
6. 5
]3 – 0g2 + ]4 – 0g2 =
Äkhku fu a y™u β rî½kŒ ‚{efhý
 ytíkh = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
6x2 – 13x + m = 0 ™kt ƒu ƒes Au.
7. 80 ‚u{e.
ynª yk ƒt™u ƒes …hM…h ÔÞMŒ Au.
 rºkßÞk r = 5 ‚u{e. ∴ a ∙ b = 1
÷½wð]¥kktþ™wt ûkuºkV¤ = 200 ‚u{e.2 c
∴ a = 1
1
∴ × l × r = 200 (ßÞkt l = [k…™e ÷tƒkE) m
2 ∴ = 1
1 6
∴ × l × 5 = 200 ∴ m = 1 × 6 = 6
2
200 # 2 14. x(cos2 45° – cos2 30°) = cos 45° ⋅ sin 45°
∴ l =
5 2
1 2
∴ x fe
3 p = 1 # 1
40 # 5 # 2 o – d n
∴ l = 2 2 2 2
5
∴ x c – m =
1 3 1
∴ l = 80 ‚u{e.
2 4 2
3
∴ x c m
8. 2–3 = 1
26 4 2
∴ x c– m
9. (D) 10x – 14y = –4 1 = 1
4 2
b2 − a2
# c– m
10. (C) 1 4
b ∴ x =
2 1
a
 sin θ = b ∴ x = –2
cos2 θ = 1 – sin2 θ 15. Z = 6
a2 4
∴ cos2 θ = 1 – 16.
9
b2
b2 − a2
 yuf ytfLke Þwø{ MktÏÞkyku → 2, 4, 6, 8 (fw÷ 4)
∴ cos2 θ =
b2 ∴ Mkt¼kðLkk = 94
70
rð¼køk-B
17. ynª {n¥k{ MkÇÞku þkuÄðk {kxu 616 yLku 32 Lkku økw.Mkk.y. þkuÄðku Ãkzu.
ÞwÂõ÷zLke ¼køk«rðrÄ «{kýu
616 = 32 × 19 + 8
32 = 8 × 4 + 0
∴ økw.Mkk.y. (616, 32) = 8
yk{, fkuE Ãký Míkt¼{kt {n¥k{ 8 MkÇÞku nþu.
18. 96 = 25 × 3
404 = 22 × 101
∴ „w.‚k.y. (96, 404) = 22 = 4
„w.‚k.y. (a, b) × ÷.‚k.y. (a, b) = ab
∴ „w.‚k.y. (96, 404) × ÷.‚k.y. (96, 404) = 96 × 404
∴ 4 × ÷.‚k.y. (96, 404) = 96 × 404
96 # 404
∴ ÷.‚k.y. (96, 404) = 4
∴ ÷.‚k.y. (96, 404) = 9696
3x – 5
3x3 + x2 + 2x + 5
19. x2 + 2x + 1
3x3 + 6x2 + 3x
– – –
–5x2 – x + 5
–5x2 – 10x – 5
+ + +
9x + 10
yk{, ¼køkV¤ = 3x – 5 yLku þu»k 9x + 10 Au.
20. 3x + 2y – 5 = 0, 2x – 3y – 7 = 0
a1 = 3, b1 = 2, c1 = –5, a2 = 2, b2 = –3, c2 = –7
a b c −
nðu, a1 = 32 , b1 = −23 , c1 = − 57 = 57
2 2 2
a b
ynª, a1 ! b1
2 2
ykÚke, ykÃku÷ Mkwhu¾ Mk{efhýÞwø{ MkwMktøkík Au.
yÚkðk
20. kx + 3y – (k – 3) = 0 ............... (1)
12x + ky – k = 0 ............... (2)
Mk{efhý (1) yLku Mk{efhý (2) Lku rî[÷ Mk{efhý ax + by + c = 0 MkkÚku Mkh¾kðíkkt
Mk{efhý (1) {kt Mk{efhý (2) {kt
a1 = k a2 = 12
b1 = 3 b2 = k
c1 = –(k – 3) c2 = –k
Mk{efhýÞwø{Lku yLktík Wfu÷ku {¤u íku {kxuLke þhík,
71
a1 b1 c1
= =
a2 b c2
2
1
a 1
b
∴ a =
2 b2
k =3
∴
12 k
∴ k2 = 36
∴ k = ± 6
21. \ 2 x2 + 2x + 5x + 5 2 = 0
\ 2 x2 + 5x + 2 2x + 5 2 = 0
\ x( 2 x + 5) + 2 ( 2 x + 5) = 0
\ ( 2 x + 5) (x + 2) = 0
\ 2x + 5 = 0 yÚkðk x + 2 = 0
−5
\ x = yÚkðk x = – 2
2
−5
\ Mk{efhýLkk Wfu÷ : yLku – 2
2
yÚkðk
21.
ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLkwt yuf çkes –3 Au.
∴ x = –3
nðu, x2 + 3(k + 2) x – 9 = 0
∴ (–3)2 + 3(k + 2) (–3) – 9 = 0
∴ 9 – 9k – 18 – 9 = 0
∴ 9k = –18
∴ k = –2
22. A
B C
D
 ∆ ADC yLku ∆ ABC {kt,
∠ADC = ∠BAC
∠ACD = ∠ACB (yuf s ¾qýku)
∴ ∆ ADC ∼ ∆ BAC (¾q¾q þhík)
CA = CD
∴
CB CA
∴ CA = CB . CD
2
1 1
2 2 3
23. = = =
2 +
2 2+2 3 2 ^2 + 2 3 h
3 3
72
3 2 2 –2 6
= #
2 2 +2 6 2 2 –2 6
3 ^2 2 – 2 6 h
=
^2 2 h – ^2 6 h
2 2
2 6 – 2 18
=
8 – 24
2 18 – 2 6
=
24 – 8
2 ^ 18 – 6h
=
16
3 2 – 6
=
8
yÚkðk
cos A +
1 sin A
23. zk.çkk. = 1 + sin A + cos A
cos 2 A + (1 + sin A) 2
=
cos A $ (1 + sin A)
cos 2 A + 1 + 2 sin A + sin2 A

=
cos A $ (1 + sin A)
1 + 1 + 2 sin A
=
cos A $ (1 + sin A)
2 + 2 sin A
=
cos A $ (1 + sin A)
2 (1 + sin A)
=
cos A $ (1 + sin A)
= cos2 A
= 2secA = s.çkk.
1 1
24. sin(A – B) = cos (A + B) =
2 2
∴ sin(A – B) = sin 30° ∴ cos(A + B) = cos 60°
∴ A – B = 30° ....(1) ∴ A + B = 60° ....(2)
Ãkrhýk{ (1) yLku Ãkrhýk{ (2) Lkku Mkhðk¤ku fhíkkt,
(A – B) + (A + B) = 30° + 60°
∴ A – B + A + B = 90°
∴ 2A = 90°
∴ A = 45°
Ãkrhýk{ (1) {kt A = 45° {qfíkkt,
A – B = 30°
∴ B = A – 30°
∴ B = 45° – 30°
∴ B = 15°
yk{, A = 45° yLku B = 15° Au.
73
25.
O
r 25
P 24 Q
 ynª, O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lke çknkhLkk ®çkËw Q {ktÚke ðíkwo¤Lku Ëkuhu÷ MÃkþof PQ yLku íkuÚke MÃkþo®çkËw P Au
íkÚkk rºkßÞk r Au.
∆ OPQ {kt ∠P = 90° Au.
∴ OP2 + PQ2 = OQ2 (ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ)
∴ r2 + (24)2 = (25)2
∴ r2 + 576 = 625
∴ r2 = 625 – 576
∴ r2 = 49
∴ r = 7
yk{, ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞk 7 Mku{e. Au.
yÚkðk
25. P
O θ T
 O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lkk çknkhLkk ®çkËw T {ktÚke ðíkwo¤Lku çku MÃkþofku TP yLku TQ Au. P yLku Q
MÃkþo®çkËwyku Au.
Äkhku fu, ∠PTQ = θ Au.
nðu, TP = TQ («{uÞ 10.2)
íkuÚke ∆ TPQ Mk{rîçkksw rºkfkuý Au.
1
∴ ∠TPQ = ∠TQP = (180° – ∠PTQ)
2
1
= (180° – θ)
2
1
= 90
° – θ
2
nðu, ∠OPT = 90° («{uÞ 10.1)
∴ ∠OPQ = ∠OPT – ∠TPQ
= 90° – c 90° – θm
1

2
1
= 90° – 90° + θ
2
1
= θ
2
1
∴ ∠OPQ = ∠PTQ
2
∴ ∠PTQ = 2 ∠OPQ
74
26. ynª {n¥k{ ykð]r¥k 40 yu 1500–2000 ðøkoLke ykð]r¥k nkuðkÚke çknw÷f ðøko 1500–2000 Au.
f – f
çknw÷f Z = l + f 2f 1– f –0 f p × h
1 0 2
∴ Z = 1500 + d 40 − 24 n × 500
2 (40) − 24 − 33
∴ Z = 1500 + 16 23500
#
∴ Z = 1500 + 347.83
∴ Z = 1847.83
rð¼køk-C
27. ∴ 4u(u + 2) = 0
∴ 4u = 0 yÚkðk u + 2 = 0
∴ u = 0 yÚkðk u = –2
8 u Lkku Mknøkwýf
þqLÞkuLkku Mkhðk¤ku = 0 – 2 = – 2 = – 2 4 4 = – 4 = – ba = – 2
#

u Lkku Mknøkwýf
0 c y[¤ ÃkË
þqLÞkuLkku økwýkfkh = 0 × (–2) = 0 = 4 = a = 2
u Lkku Mknøkwýf
28. 5x2 – 6x – 2 = 0.......(1)
∴ 25x2 – 30x – 10 = 0 [Mk{efhý (1)Lku 5 ðzu økwýíkkt]
∴ 25x2 – 30x + 9 – 9 – 10 = 0
∴ (25x2 – 30x + 9) – 19 = 0
∴ (5x – 3)2 – ^ 19 h
2
= 0 ({.Ãk.)2
yt.Ãk. =
∴ (5x – 3 – 19 ) (5x – 3 + 19 ) = 0 4 × «.Ãk.
(– 30x)2
∴ 5x – 3 – 19 = 0 yÚkðk 5x – 3 + 19 = 0 =
4 × 25x2
∴ 5x = 3 + 19 yÚkðk 5x = 3 – 19 900 x2
=
3 + 19 3 – 19 100 x2
∴ x = yÚkðk x = = 9
5 5
3 + 19 3 – 19
∴ Mk{efhýLkkt çkes yLku Au.
5 5
29. ynª, S7 = 49, S17 = 289, Sn = ______
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
7
∴ S7 = [2a + (7 – 1)d]
2
7
∴ 49 = (2a + 6d)
2
∴ 49 = 7 (a + 3d)
∴ a + 3d = 7 _______(1)
75
yk s «{kýu, S17 = 17
2
[2a + (17–1)d]
17
∴ 289 = (2a + 16d)
2
∴ 289 = 17 (a + 8d)
∴ a + 8d = 17 _______(2)
(a + 3d) – (a + 8d) = 7 – 17
∴ a + 3d – a – 8d = –10
∴ –5d = –10
∴ d = 2
a + 3d = 7
∴ a + 3(2) = 7
∴ a + 6 = 7
∴ a = 1
nðu, Sn = 2n [2a + (n – 1)d]

n
∴ Sn = [2(1) + (n – 1)2]
2
= n (1 + n – 1)
= n (n)
= n2
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkkt «Úk{ n ÃkËkuLkku Mkhðk¤ku n2 Au.
yÚkðk
29. ‚{ktŒh ©uýe 10, 7, 4, ........, –62 Au.
a = 10, d = 7 – 10 = –3, an = –62
nðu, an = a + (n – 1)d
∴ – 62 = 10 + (n – 1)(–3)
∴ – 62 – 10 = (n – 1)(–3)
–72
∴ = n – 1
–3
∴ n – 1 = 24
∴ n = 25
ykÚke, 25 ÃkËkuLke Mk{ktíkh ©uýe{kt AuÕ÷uÚke 11 {w ÃkË yu ©uýeLkwt 15 {w ÃkË Úkþu.
∴ a15 = a + 14d
∴ a15 = 10 + 14(–3)
∴ a15 = 10 – 42
∴ a15 = –32
30. Äkhku fu, A (4, –1) yLku B (–2, –3) Lku òuzíkkt hu¾k¾tz AB Lkkt rºk¼køk ®çkËwyku P yLku Q Au.
∴ AP = PQ = QB
ynª, ®çkËw P yu hu¾k¾tz AB Lkwt 1:2 økwýku¥kh{kt rð¼ksLk fhu Au.
]–2g + ]4g 1 ]–3g + 2 ]–1g
∴ ®çkËw P Lkk Þk{ = c 1 + 2 , +
m
1 2 1 2
= c 2, – m
5
3
76
íku s heíku, ®çkËw Q yu hu¾k¾tz AB Lkwt 2 : 1 økwýku¥kh{kt rð¼ksLk fhu Au.

]–2g + 1 ]4g 2 ]–3g + 1 ]–1g
∴ ®çkËw Q Lkk Þk{ = c 2 , m
2 +1 2 +1
= c 0, – m
7

3
yk{, rºk¼køk ®çkËwykuLkk Þk{ c 2, – 3 m yLku c 0, – 3 m Au.

5 7

31. D R
C
S O
Q
A
P B
 ynª, ABCD yu ðíkwo¤Lku Ãkrhøkík Mk{ktíkhçkksw [íkw»fkuý Au, suLke çkkswyku AB, BC, CD yLku DA ðíkwo¤Lku
yLkw¢{u P, Q, R yLku S {kt MÃkþuo Au.
∴ AP = AS ........................(1)
BP = BQ ........................(2)
CR = CQ ........................(3)
DR = DS ........................(4)
Ãkrhýk{ (1), (2), (3) y™u (4)Lkku Mkhðk¤ku fhíkkt,
∴ AB + CD = AD + BC .................... (1)
nðu, [íkw»fkuý ABCD yu Mk{ktíkhçkksw [íkw»fkuý Au.
∴ AB = CD yLku BC = DA .................. (2)
AB + AB = BC + BC
∴ 2 AB = 2 BC
∴ AB = BC
ykÚke, Mk{ktíkhçkksw [íkw»fkuý ABCD Lke ÃkkMkÃkkMkuLke çkkswyku Mk{kLk nkuðkÚke íku Mk{çkksw [íkw»fkuý Au.
32. [kuhMk ABCD Lke çkkswLke ÷tçkkE = 4 Mku{e.
∴ [kuhMk ABCD Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ = (çkkswLke ÷tçkkE)2
= (4)2
= 16 Mku{e.2
[kuhMk ABCD {kt ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = θ = 90°
1 Mku{e. rºkßÞkðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lkk [íkwÚkkOþ ¼køkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 14 πr12
1 22
= × × (1)2
4 7
22
=
28
Mku{e.2
íkuÚke 1 Mku{e. rºkßÞkðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lkk [kh [íkwÚkkOþ ¼køkLkwt fw÷ ûkuºkV¤ = 4 × 22

28
22
=
7
Mku{e.2
77
2 Mku{e. ÔÞkMkðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞk r2 = 22 = 1 Mku{e.

∴ 2 Mku{e. ÔÞkMkðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ = πr22
22 2
= × (1)
7
22
=
7
Mku{e.2
∴ [kuhMk ABCD Lkk çkkfeLkk ¼køkLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= [kuhMk ABCD Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ – [kh [íkwÚkkOþ ¼køkLkwt fw÷ ûkuºkV¤ – ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤
22 22
= 16 – –
7 7
112 – 22 – 22
=
7
68
=
7
Mku{e.2
ykÚke, [kuhMk ABCD Lkk çkkfeLkk ¼køkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ 68

7
Mku{e.2 = 9.72 Mku{e.2 Au.
33. Lk¤kfkh økku¤kfkh

h = 8 Mku{e. ÔÞkMk = 8.5 Mku{e.
ÔÞkMk = 2 Mku{e. ∴ R = 4.25 Mku{e.
∴ r = 1 Mku{e.
¼hu÷k ÃkkýeLkwt ½LkV¤ = Lk¤kfkhLkwt ½LkV¤ + økku¤kfkhLkwt ½LkV¤
4
= πr2h + πR3
3
= (3.14 × 1 × 1 × 8) + c # 3.14 # ]4.25g3 m
4

3
= 25.12 + 321.39
= 346.51 Mku{e.3
yk{, çkk¤fLkku sðkçk Mkk[ku LkÚke. fkhý fu ¼hu÷kt ÃkkýeLkwt Mkk[wt ½LkV¤ 346.51 Mku{e.3 Au.
yÚkðk
33. íkktçkkLkku Mkr¤Þku (™¤kfkh) íkkh (™¤kfkh)
ÔÞkMk = 1 Mku{e. h = 18 {exh
1
∴ r1 = Mku{e. = 1800 Mku{e.
2
h1 = 8 Mku{e. r = ......
nðu, íkktçkkLkk Mkr¤ÞkLkwt ½LkV¤ = íkkhLkwt ½LkV¤
∴ πr12h1 = πr2h
2 1 1
r1 h1 # #8
2= 2 2 = 1
∴ r2=
=
h 1800 1800 900
1
∴ r = 30 Mku{e.
íkkhLke òzkE = íkkhLkku ÔÞkMk
1 = 1
= 2r = 2 × Mku{e.
30 15
1
ykÚke, íkkhLke òzkE 15 Mku{e.
78
34. ynª, fi yLku xi Lke ®f{íkku LkkLke nkuðkÚke MkeÄe («íÞûk)heíkLkku WÃkÞkuøk fhe {æÞf þkuÄeþwt.
ðøko fi xi fi xi
0 – 2 1 1 1
2 – 4 2 3 6
4 – 6 1 5 5
6 – 8 5 7 35
8 – 10 6 9 54
10 – 12 2 11 22
12 – 14 3 13 39
fw÷ Σfi = 20 – 162 = Σfixi
/f i xi 162
{æÞf x = =
/f i 20
\ x = 8.1
yk{, ½hËeX AkuzLke MktÏÞkykuLkku {æÞf 8.1 Au.
yÚkðk
34.
yûkhkuLke yxfkuLke Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k
MktÏÞk (ðøko) MktÏÞk (fi) xi ui fiui cf
1 – 4 6 2.5 –2 – 12 6
4 – 7 30 5.5 –1 – 30 36
7 – 10 40 8.5 = a 0 0 76
10 – 13 16 11.5 1 16 92
13 – 16 4 14.5 2 8 96
16 – 19 4 17.5 3 12 100
fw÷ 100 – – –6 –
 {æÞMÚk :
ynª, n = 100
n
\ = 50
2
50 Úke íkhík {kuxe Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k 76 su ðøko 7 – 10 {kt Mk{kÞu÷ nkuðkÚke {æÞMÚk ðøko 7 – 10 Au.
∴ l = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke yÄ:Mke{k = 7
n
−
f
∴ M = 7 + c 50 36 m × 3
−
40
14 # 3
∴ M = 7 +
40
21
∴ M = 7 +
20
∴ M = 7 + 1.05
∴ M = 8.05 yûkhku
79
rð¼køk-D
35. 3x – (k + 1)y = 20
∴ 3x – (k + 1)y – 20 = 0 ................. (1)
(ßÞkt a1 = 3, b1 = – (k + 1), c1 = –20)
(k + 2)x – 10y = 40
∴ (k + 2)x – 10y – 40 = 0 ................. (2)
(ßÞkt a2 = (k + 2), b2 = – 10, c2 = –40)
Mkwhu¾ Mk{efhýÞwø{Lku yLktík Wfu÷ku nkuðk {kxuLke þhík,
a1 b1 c1
= =
a2 b2 c2
1
a 1
b
∴ a =
2 b2
3 = – ^k + 1h
∴ +
k 2 –10
∴ –30 = –(k + 1)(k + 2)
∴ (k + 1) (k + 2) = 30
∴ k2 + 2k + k + 2 – 30 = 0
∴ k2 + 3k – 28 = 0
∴ k2 + 7k – 4k – 28 = 0
∴ k(k + 7) – 4(k + 7) = 0
∴ (k – 4) (k + 7) = 0
∴ k – 4 = 0 yÚkðk k + 7 = 0
∴ k = 4 yÚkðk k = –7
yk{, k = 4 yLku k = –7 {kxu ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýÞwø{Lku yLktík Wfu÷ku {¤u.
36. rºkfkuý ABC Lke çkksw BC Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k çkkfeLke çku çkkswyku AB yLku AC Lku yLkw¢{u D yLku
Ãkûk :
E {kt AuËu Au.
MkkæÞ : AD
DB
= AE
EC
A
N M
D E
B C
Mkkrçkíke : BE yLku CD òuzku yLku DM ⊥ AC íkÚkk EN ⊥ AB Ëkuhku.
1
ADE =
íkuÚke, × AD × EN,
2
1
BDE = × DB × EN,
2
1
ADE = × AE × DM yLku
2
1
DEC = × EC × DM ÚkkÞ.
2
80
1
# AD # EN
ADE 2 AD
=
∴
BDE
=
1 DB
.........(1)
# DB # EN
2
1
# AE # DM
ADE 2 AE
=yLku DEC =
1 EC
.......(2)
# EC # DM
2
nðu, ∆ BDE yLku ∆ DEC yuf s ÃkkÞk DE Ãkh yLku Mk{ktíkh hu¾kykuLke òuz BC yLku DE
ðå[u ykðu÷kt Au.
íkuÚke BDE = DEC ..........(3)
Ãkrhýk{ (1), (2) yLku (3) ÃkhÚke,
AD = AE
DB EC
yÚkðk
36. P
B D C Q M R
 AD yLku PM yu yLkw¢{u ∆ ABC yLku ∆ PQR Lke {æÞøkkyku Au.

∴ BC = 2 BD yLku QR = 2 QM
nðu, ∆ ABC ~ ∆ PQR
AB = BC
∴
PQ QR
AB = 2 BD
∴
PQ 2 QM
AB = BD
∴
PQ QM
ð¤e, ∠ABC = ∠PQR
∴ ∠ABD = ∠PQM
nðu, ∆ ABD yLku ∆ PQM {kt,
ABPQ
= BD yLku ∠ABD = ∠PQM
QM
∴ ∆ ABD ~ ∆ PQM (çkk¾qçkk þhík)
AB = AD
∴
PQ PM
37. A B
105 {e
105 {e
30°
60°
C M N
81
 ynª, A yLku B yu çk÷qLkLkk çku MÚkkLk Au.

CN yu yð÷kufLkfkhLke ykt¾{ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke Mk{rûkríks hu¾k Au.
AM ⊥ CN yLku BN ⊥ CN Ëkuhku, suÚke M yu CN ÃkhLkwt ®çkËw Au.
íkuÚke ∆ AMC {kt, ∠M = 90° yLku ∠C = 60° íku{s
∆ BNC {kt, ∠N = 90° yLku ∠C = 30° Au.
AM = BN = 105 {exh
∆ BNC {kt, ∠N = 90° Au.
BN
∴ tan 30° = CN
1 = 105
∴ CN
3
∴ CN = 105 3 {exh
∆ AMC {kt, ∠M = 90° Au.
∴ tan 60° = AM
CM
105
∴ 3 =
CM
105
∴ CM =
3
∴ CM = 35 3 {exh
nðu, MN = AB = CN – CM
∴ AB = 105 3 – 35 3
∴ AB = 70 3 {exh
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{Þ Ëhr{ÞkLk çk÷qLku fkÃku÷wt ytíkh 70 3 {exh ÚkkÞ.
38.
A
e.
Mku{
4
O 120° P
ku{e.
4 M
B
(1) O fuLÿ yLku 4 Mku{e. rºkßÞkðk¤wt yuf ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku.
(2) yk ðíkwo¤Lke çku rºkßÞkyku OA yLku OB yuðe Ëkuhku suÚke ∠AOB = 120° ÚkkÞ.
(3) A yLku B ®çkËwyu yLkw¢{u rºkßÞk OA yLku OB Lku ÷tçk Ëkuhku, su ÃkhMÃkh yufçkeòLku P ®çkËw{kt AuËu.
(4) ykÚke PA yLku PB {køÞk {wsçkLkk MÃkþofku Au, su{Lke ðå[uLkk ¾qýkLkwt {kÃk 60° Au.
yÚkðk
82
38.
P
A 90°
60°
Q 30°
7 Mku{e. R
C
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
X
(1) QR = 7 Mku{e., ∠Q = 60° yLku ∠P = 90° nkuÞ, íkuðku ∆ PQR h[ku.
(2) QR Lkk su yÄoík÷{kt ®çkËw P Au íkuLkkÚke rðhwØ yÄoík÷{kt rfhý QX Ëkuhku, suÚke ∠RQX ÷½wfkuý ÚkkÞ.
(3) QQ1 = Q1Q2 = Q2Q3 = Q3Q4 ÚkkÞ íkuðkt [kh ®çkËwyku Q1, Q2, Q3 yLku Q4 Lku QX Ãkh ytrfík fhku.
(4) Q4R òuzku.
(5) ∠QQ4R = ∠QQ3C h[eLku Q3 {ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku Q4R Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su QR Lku C {kt AuËu.
(6) ∠QRP = ∠QCA h[eLku C {ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku PR Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su QP Lku A {kt AuËu.
3
(7) yk{, ∆ AQC {køÞk {wsçkLkku rºkfkuý Au, suLke çkkswyku ∆ PQR Lke yLkwYÃk çkkswykuÚke 4 økýe Au.
r = 3.5 Mku{e. r = 3.5 Mku{e.
h = 12 Mku{e.
l = 12.5 Mku{e.
h{fzkLke fw÷ Ÿ[kE = 15.5 Mku{e.
∴ þtfwLke Ÿ[kE + yÄoøkku÷fLke rºkßÞk = 15.5
∴ h + 3.5 = 15.5
∴ h = 12 Mku{e.
15.5 Mku{e.
nðu, l = r2 + h2
∴ l = ]3.5g2 + ]12g2 3.5 Mku{e.
∴ l = 12.25 + 144
∴ l = 156.25
∴ l = 12.5
Mku{e.
h{fzkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤
= yÄoøkku÷fLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤ + þtfwLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 2πr2 + πrl
= πr (2r + l)
= 22
7
× 3.5 × [2(3.5) + 12.5]
= 22 × 0.5 × (7 + 12.5)
= 11 × 19.5
= 214.5 Mku{e.2
yk{, h{fzkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤ 214.5 Mku{e.2 Au.
83

rð¼køk-A
1. ¾kuxwt –12 + 15
∴ a =
5
2. ¾hwt
3
∴ a =
3. ¾hwt 5
3 4 3 – 4 = 1
 Ãkrh½ = 44 ∴ a + b =
5
–
5
=
5
–
5
∴ 2πr = 44
44 6. 3
∴ 2r = π  Y-yûkÚke ÷tçkytíkh ykÃku÷k ®çkËwLkk X-Þk{ sux÷wt
44 # 7 nkuÞ.
∴ ÔÞkMk = = 14
22
nðu, [kuhMkLkk rðfýoLke ÷tçkkE = ÔÞkMk = 14 7. 128 ‚u{e2
(çkkswLke ÷tçkkE)2 + (çkkswLke ÷tçkkE)2 = (rðfýoLke 8. 27

÷tçkkE)2  r÷Ãk ð»ko{kt 366 rËðMkku nkuÞ yLku yXðkrzÞk{kt
2
∴ 2 (çkkswLke ÷tçkkE) = (14) 2
yuf ðkh {tøk¤ðkh ykðu Au.
196 4
∴ (çkkswLke ÷tçkkE)2 = 2
= 98 7 366 þu»k
35 Mkt¼kðLkk P(A) = ¼ksf
∴ çkkswLke ÷tçkkE = 98 = 49 # 2 ¼ksf
16 2
∴ çkkswLke ÷tçkkE = 7 2 14 =
7
þu»k 2
4. ¾hwt
ðÄkhkLkk 2 rËðMk Lke[u {wsçk nkuE þfu.
5. −1 (Mkku{, {tøk¤), ({tøk¤, çkwÄ), (çkwÄ, økwY) (økwY,
5
 3a = 27b + 1 þw¢) (þw¢, þrLk) (þrLk, hrð), (hrð, Mkku{)
∴ 3a = (33)b + 1 fw÷ 7 {ktÚke {tøk¤ðkhLke þõÞíkk 2 ð¾ík Au.
∴ 3a = 33b + 3 15
9. (C)
∴ a = 3b + 3 ............... (1) 4
∴ 5b = 25a – 1 3x + 2ky = 2
∴ 5b = (52)a – 1  3x + 2ky – 2 = 0 (ßÞkt a1 = 3, b1 = 2k, c1
∴ 5b = 52a – 2 = –2)
∴ b = 2a – 2 ............... (2)
(ßÞkt a2 = 2, b2 = 5, c2 = 1)
2x + 5y + 1 = 0
(1) Lke ®f{ík (2) {kt {qfíkkt, òu ƒt™u ‚{efhýku™ku yk÷u¾ ‚{ktŒh hu¾kyku
b = 2a – 2 nkuÞ, Œku
∴ b = 2(3b + 3) – 2
a b
∴ b = 6b + 6 – 2 a1 = b1
2
∴ b – 6b = 4 2
∴ –5b = 4 ∴ 32 = 25k
4
∴ b = – 2k = 3
5 ∴
5 2
(1) {kt b = – 54 {qfíkkt, 3#5
∴ 2k =
a = 3b + 3 2
∴ a = 3 c– m + 3
4 3#5
∴ k =
5 2#2
12 15
∴ a = – + 3 ∴ k =
5 4
84
10. (B) cos 2β
 rî½kŒ ‚{efhý 3x2 + 2 5 x – 5 = 0 ™u
 cos (a + β) = 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0 ‚kÚku ‚h¾kðŒkt
cos 90° = 0
a = 3, b = 2 5 , c = –5
∴ a + β = 90°
b2 – 4ac = (2 5 )2 – 4(3)(–5) = 20 + 60 = 80
∴ a = 90° – β
1
14. sin α =
2
y™u sin β = 12
nðu, sin (a – β) = sin (90° – β – β)
= sin (90° – 2β) 1
sin 30° =
2
= cos 2β
∴ α = β = 30°
11. (B) 2πr(h + l)
∴ α + β = 30° + 30° = 60°
2
12. (B) 15. 15
5
 yrð¼kßÞ MktÏÞkyku → 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 (fw÷ 6) 16. 4
11
6 = 2
∴ Mkt¼kðLkk =
15 5  Mðh - A, A, E, I (fw÷ 4)

4
13. 80
∴ Mkt¼kðLkk = 11
rð¼køk-B
17. yk «§Lkku Wfu÷ {u¤ððk økkrýríkf heíku ykÃkýu økw.Mkk.y. (420, 130) þkuÄðku òuEyu. yk økw.Mkk.y. Ëhuf
ÚkÃÃke{kt hnu÷ çkhVeLke MktÏÞk {n¥k{ MktÏÞk ÚkkÞ y™u ÚkÃÃkeykuLke MktÏÞk Ãký ÷½w¥k{ ÚkkÞ. ykÚke íkkMkf{kt
ykuAk{kt ykuAe søÞk hkufu.
ÞwÂõ÷zLke ¼køk«rðrÄ «{kýu,
420 = 130 × 3 + 30
130 = 30 × 4 + 10
30 = 10 × 3 + 0
ykÚke økw.Mkk.y. (420, 130) = 10 ÚkkÞ. {kxu íku {eXkEðk¤k Ëhuf ÚkÃÃke{kt fkuE Ãký «fkhLke çkhVeLke
MktÏÞk 10 hk¾e þfu.
18. 6 = 2 × 3
72 = 23 × 32
120 = 23 × 3 × 5
∴ „w.‚k.y. (6, 72, 120) = 2 × 3 = 6
∴ ÷.‚k.y. (6, 72, 120) = 23 × 32 × 5 = 360
19. (i) p(x) Lkkt þqLÞkuLke MktÏÞk = 4
(ii) p(x) Lkkt þqLÞkuLke MktÏÞk = 3
20. 2x – 3y – 8 = 0, 4x – 6y – 9 = 0
a1 = 2, b1 = –3, c1 = –8, a2 = 4, b2 = –6, c2 = –9
a b − c −
nðu, a1 = 24 = 12 , b1 = − 36 = 12 , c1 = − 89 = 89
2 2 2
a b c
ynª, a1 = b1 ] c1
2 2 2
ykÚke, ykÃku÷ Mkwhu¾ Mk{efhýÞwø{ MkwMktøkík LkÚke.

yÚkðk
85
20. 3x + y = 1
\ 3x + y – 1 = 0 ........... (1)
(2k – 1) x + (k – 1) y = 2k + 1
\ (2k – 1) x + (k – 1) y – (2k + 1) = 0 ....(2)
Mk{efhý (1) yLku Mk{efhý (2) Lku rî[÷ Mk{efhý ax + by + c = 0 MkkÚku Mkh¾kðíkkt
Mk{efhý (1) {kt Mk{efhý (2) {kt
a1 = 3 a2 = 2k – 1
b1 = 1 b2 = k – 1
c1 = –1 c2 = – (2k + 1)
rî[÷ Mkwhu¾ Mk{efhý Þwø{Lku Wfu÷ Lk {¤u íku {kxuLke þhík,
a b c
a1 = b1 ! c1
2 2 2
1
a 1
b
\ a =
2 b2
3 = 1
\
2k – 1 k – 1
\ 3k – 3 = 2k – 1
\ 3k – 2k = 3 – 1
\ k = 2
21. a = 3, b = –5, c = 2
∴ b2 – 4ac = (–5)2 – 4(3) (2) = 25 – 24 = 1 > 0
ykÚke, ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLku çku r¼LLk y™u ðkMíkrðf çkes {¤u.
− b ! b2 − 4ac
∴ x =
2a
− (− 5) ! 1
∴ x =
2#3
5!1
∴ x =
6
5+1 −
∴ x =
6
yÚkðk x = 5 6 1
∴ x = 1 yÚkðk x = 32
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLkkt çkes 32 y™u 1 Au.

yÚkðk
21. 2 x2 + 3 (1 – 2 2 ) x – 6 = 0
∴ 2 x2 + 3x – 2 2 3x – 2 3 3 = 0
∴ x ( 2x + 3) – 2 3( 2x + 3) = 0
∴ ( 2x + 3 ) (x – 2 3 ) = 0
∴ 2x + 3 = 0 yÚkðk x – 2 3 = 0
– 3
∴ x = yÚkðk x = 2 3
2
– 3
∴ Mk{efhýLkku Wfu÷ øký : * , 2 34
2
86
22. C
N M
A B
NC = CM
 NA MB
1 = 4
∴
3 MB
∴ MB = 12
nðu, BC = CM + MB ( B – M – C)
∴ BC = 4 + 12
∴ BC = 16
23. zk.çkk. = tan 48° · tan 23° · tan 42° · tan 67°
= tan 48° ⋅ tan 23° ⋅ tan (90° – 48°) ⋅ tan (90° – 23°)
= tan 48° ⋅ tan 23° ⋅ cot 48° ⋅ cot 23°
= tan 48° ⋅ cot 48° ⋅ tan 23° ⋅ cot 23°
= 1 × 1
= 1 = s.çkk.
yÚkðk
1 + sec A
23. zk.çkk. = sec A
1
1 +
cos A
=
1
cos A
1 + cos A
=
1
1 + cos A 1 – cos A
= #
1 1 – cos A
1 – cos 2 A
=
1 – cos A
sin2 A
= = s.çkk.
1 – cos A
1 + 2
1–
2 3
24. =
2 +1 +
1
3 2
3 +2 3 −4
2 3
=
4+ 3 +2 3
2 3
3 3 −4
=
3 3 +4
87
(3 3 − 4) (3 3 − 4)
=
(3 3 + 4) (3 3 − 4)
(3 3 − 4) 2
= 2 2
(3 3 ) − (4)
27 − 24 3 + 16
=
27 − 16
43 − 24 3
=
11
25.
5 13
P Q
 ∆ OPQ {kt ∠P = 90° Au.

∴ OP2 + PQ2 = OQ2 (ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ)
∴ (5)2 + PQ2 = (13)2
∴ 25 + PQ2 = 169
∴ PQ2 = 169 – 25
∴ PQ2 = 144
∴ PQ = 12
yÚkðk
25. [íkw»fkuý ABCD yuf O furLÿík ðíkwo¤Lku Ãkrhøkík Au. Äkhku fu, [íkw»fkuý ABCD Lke çkkswyku AB, BC,
CD y™u DA yk O furLÿík ðíkwo¤Lku yLkw¢{u P, Q, R y™u S ®çkËwyku{kt MÃkþuo Au.
∴ AP = AS ........................(1)
BP = BQ ........................(2)
CR = CQ ........................(3)
DR = DS ........................(4)
f – f
çknw÷f Z = l + f 2f 1– f –0 f p × h
1 0 2
88
∴ Z = 30 + d 10 − 9
n × 5
2 (10) − 9 − 3
∴ Z = 30 + 1 8 5
#
∴ Z = 30 + 0.625
∴ Z = 30.625
∴ Z = 30.63
rð¼køk-C
27. Äkhku fu, {ktøku÷ rî½kík çknwÃkËe ax2 + bx + c Lkkt þqLÞku a yLku b Au.
b c
\ a + b = 0 = − a íkÚkk ab = 5 = a
\ a = 1, b = 0, c = 5
ykÚke ykÃku÷ þhíkLku yLkwYÃk yuf rî½kík çknwÃkËe x2 + 5 Au. þqLÞuíkh ðkMíkrðf MktÏÞk k {kxu,
k(x2 + 5 ) MðYÃkLke fkuE Ãký çkeS rî½kík çknwÃkËe Ãký ykÃku÷ þhíkLku yLkwYÃk ÷E þfkÞ.
1 − 1 = 11
28.
x+4 x−7 30
\ 30 (x – 7) – 30 (x + 4) = 11(x + 4) (x – 7)
\ 30x – 210 – 30x – 120 = 11x2 – 33x – 308
\ –330 = 11x2 – 33x – 308
\ 11x2 – 33x – 308 + 330 = 0
\ 11x2 – 33x + 22 = 0
\ x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
a = 1, b = – 3, c = 2
\ b – 4ac = (–3)2 – 4(1)(2) = 9 – 8 = 1
2
− b ! b2 − 4ac
nðu, x = 2a
− (− 3) ! 1
\ x =
2 (1)
3!1
\ x =
2
3−1 3+1
\ x = yÚkðk x =
2 2
\ x = 1 yÚkðk x = 2
\ Mk{efhýLkkt çkes : 1, 2
29. ynª, a11 = 38 yLku a16 = 73 Au.
nðu, an = a + (n – 1)d
\ a11 = a + (11 – 1)d
\ 38 = a + 10d.................... (1)
\ a16 = a + (16 – 1)d
íkÚkk
\ 73 = a + 15d.................... (2)
89
(a + 15d) – (a + 10d) = 73 – 38
∴ a + 15d – a – 10d = 35
∴ 5d = 35
∴ d = 7
a + 10d = 38
∴ a + 10(7) = 38
∴ a + 70 = 38
∴ a = 38 – 70
∴ a = –32
nðu, 31{w ÃkË a31 = a + 30d
∴ a31 = –32 + 30(7)
∴ a31 = –32 + 210
∴ a31 = 178
yÚkðk
29. a = 17, an = l = 350, d = 9, n = _______, Sn = _______
an = a + (n – 1) d
∴ 350 = 17 + (n – 1) 9
∴ 350 – 17 = (n – 1) 9
333
= n – 1
∴
9
∴ n – 1 = 37
∴ n = 38
Sn = 2n (a + an)
38
∴ S38 = (17 + 350)
2
∴ S38 = 19 (367)
∴ S38 = 6973
30. Äkhku fu, Y-yûk ÃkhLkwt ®çkËw P (0, y) yu A (5, –6) yLku B (–1, –4) Lku òuzíkkt hu¾k¾tz AB Lkwt m1 :
m2 økwýku¥kh{kt rð¼ksLk fhu Au.
∴ rð¼ksLk ®çkËw P Lkk Þk{
m1 x2 + m2 x1 m1 y2 + m2 y1
= f , p
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
m1 ]–1g + m2 ]5 g m1 ]–4g + m2 ]–6g
∴ (0, y) = f , p
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
–m1 + 5m2 –4m1 – 6m2
∴ (0, y) = f , p
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
–m1 + 5m2 –4m1 – 6m2

∴ 0 = , y =
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
–4 ]5 g – 6 ]1 g
∴ –m1 + 5m2 = 0 ∴ y =
5+1
–20 – 6
∴ –m1 = –5m2 ∴ y =
6
90
–26
∴ m1 = 5m2 ∴ y =
6
1
m 5 13
∴ m = ∴ y = –
2 1 3
∴ m1 : m2 = 5 : 1
yk{, {ktøku÷ økwýku¥kh 5:1 yLku AuË®çkËww c 0, – 3 m Au.

13

31. A M B
C N D
 P fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤{kt MN ÔÞkMk Au. ÔÞkMk MN Lkkt ytíÞ®çkËwyku M yLku N ®çkËwyu MÃkþofku yLkw¢{u AB
yLku CD Au.
nðu, AB yu ðíkwo¤Lku M ®çkËwyu MÃkþof yLku PM yu MÃkþo®çkËw M {ktÚke Ëkuhu÷e rºkßÞk Au.
∴ ∠PMA = 90° («{uÞ - 10.1)
∴ ∠NMA = 90° ............... (1)
íku s heíku, CD yu ðíkwo¤Lku N ®çkËwyu MÃkþof yLku PN yu MÃkþo®çkËw N {ktÚke Ëkuhu÷e rºkßÞk Au.
∴ ∠PND = 90° («{uÞ - 10.1)
∴ ∠MND = 90° ............... (2)
∠NMA = ∠MND
Ãkhtíkw, ∠NMA yLku ∠MND yu hu¾kyku AB yLku CD Lke AurËfk MN îkhk çkLkíkk Þwø{fkuý Au yLku
íkuyku Mk{kLk Au.
∴ AB || CD
32. ðíkwo¤kfkh ykðhýLke rºkßÞk r = 28 Mku{e.

\ ðíkwo¤kfkh ykðhýLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = πr2
22
= × 28 × 28
7
= 2464 Mku{e.2
ðíkwo¤kfkh ykðhý{kt rzÍkELk ðøkhLkku ¼køk A Mk{çkksw rºkfkuý îkhk çkLkíkku rLkÞr{ík »kxTfkuý Au. Ëhuf
Mk{çkksw rºkfkuýLke çkkswLkwt {kÃk = a = r = 28 Mku{e.
\ rLkÞr{ík »kxTfkuýLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 6 × Mk{çkksw rºkfkuýLkwt ûkuºkV¤
3 2
= 6 × a
4
6 # 1.7 # 28 # 28
=
4
Mku{e.2
= 1999.2
\ rzÍkELk fhu÷k ¼køkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ – rLkÞr{ík »kxTfkuýLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 2464 – 1999.2
= 464.8 Mku{e.2
\ rzÍkELk çkLkkððkLkku ¾[o = rzÍkELk fhu÷k ¼køkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ × ¼kð
= 464.8 × 0.35
= ` 162.68
91
33. Lke[uLkk Lk¤kfkh {kxu, H = 220 Mku{e. yLku ÔÞkMk = 24 Mku{e.

\ R = 24 2
= 12 Mku{e.
WÃkhLkk Lk¤kfkh {kxu, h = 60 Mku{e. yLku r = 8 Mku{e.

\ Úkkt¼÷kLkwt ½LkV¤ = Lke[uLkk Lk¤kfkhLkwt ½LkV¤ + WÃkhLkk Lk¤kfkhLkwt ½LkV¤
= πR2H + πr2h
= π(R2H + r2h)
= 3.14 × (12 × 12 × 220 + 8 × 8 × 60)
= 3.14 × (31680 + 3840)
= 3.14 × 35520
Mku{e.3
= 111532.8
nðu, 1 Mku{e.3 ÷ku¾tzLkwt Ë¤ = 8 økúk{ = 0.008 rføkúk.
\ 111532.8 Mku{e.3 ÷ku¾tzLkwt Ë¤ = 111532.8 × 0.008
= 892.2624 rføkúk
= 892.26 rføkúk (ykþhu)
yk{, Úkkt¼÷kLkwt Ë¤ ykþhu 892.26 rføkúk Au.
yÚkðk
33. ynª, Mk{½LkLke çkkswLkwt {kÃk = yÄoøkku÷fLkku ÔÞkMk = l
yÄoøkku÷fLke rºkßÞk = 2l
∴
çkkfe ÃkËkÚkoLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤

= Mk{½LkLkwt Ãk]cV¤ + yÄoøkku÷fLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤ – yÄoøkku÷fLkk ÃkkÞkLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 6l2 + 2πr2 – πr2
= 6l2 + πr2
= 6l2 + π c m
2
l

2
πl2
= 6l2 +
4
2 2
24l + πl
=
4
1 2
= l (24 + π)
4
yk{, çkkfe ÃkËkÚkoLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤ 14 l2 (24 + π) ÚkkÞ.
34. ËirLkf r¾MMkk çkk¤fku™e xi ui f i u i
¼ÚÚkwt (`{kt) (ðøko) ‚tÏÞk (fi)
11 – 13 7 12 –4 –28
13 – 15 6 14 –3 –18
15 – 17 9 16 –2 –18
17 – 19 13 18 –1 –13
19 – 21 f 20 = a 0 0
21 – 23 5 22 1 5
23 – 25 4 24 2 8
fw÷ 44 + f – – –64
92
/f i ui
 {æÞf x = a +
/f i
× h
– 64
∴ 18 = 20 + × 2
44 + f
–128
∴ 18 – 20 =
44 + f
–128
∴ –2 =
44 + f
– 128
∴ 44 + f =
–2
∴ 44 + f = 64
∴ f = 64 – 44
∴ f = 20
yk{, ykÃku÷ {krníke{kt ¾qxíke ykð]r¥k 20 Au.
yÚkðk
34. ykÞw»Þ (f÷kf{kt) (ðøko) økku¤kLke MktÏÞk (fi) Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k (cf)
1500 – 2000 14 14
2000 – 2500 56 70
2500 – 3000 60 130
3000 – 3500 86 216
3500 – 4000 74 290
4000 – 4500 62 352
4500 – 5000 48 400
fw÷ 400 –
n 400
=

2
= 200
2
200 Úke íkhík {kuxe Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k 216 su ðøko 3000 – 3500 {kt Mk{kÞu÷ Au.
∴ {æÞMÚk-ðøko = 3000 – 3500
l = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke yÄ:Mke{k = 3000
n
= 200
2
cf = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke ykøk¤Lkk ðøkoLke Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k = 130
h = ðøkoLke ðøko÷tçkkE = 500
n−
{æÞMÚk M = l + f 2 p × h
cf

f
∴ M = 3000 + c
200 − 130 m
× 500
86
70 # 500
∴ M = 3000 +
86
∴ M = 3000 + 406.98
∴ M = 3406.98
yk{, økku¤kykuLkwt ykÞw»Þ 3406.98 f÷kf Au.
93
rð¼køk-D
35.
Äkhku fu, ÷tçk[kuhMkLke ÷tçkkE x yuf{ yLku Ãknku¤kE y yuf{ Au.
\ ÷tçk[kuhMkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = xy [kuhMk yuf{
Ãknu÷e þhík {wsçk, ÷tçkkE = (x – 5) yuf{ yLku Ãknku¤kE = (y + 3) yuf{
\ ÷tçk[kuhMkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = (x – 5) (y + 3)
\ xy – 9 = xy + 3x – 5y – 15
\ 3x – 5y = 6 ______(1)
çkeS þhík {wsçk, ÷tçkkE = (x + 3) yuf{ yLku Ãknku¤kE = (y + 2) yuf{
\ ÷tçk[kuhMkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = (x + 3) (y + 2)
\ xy + 67 = xy + 2x + 3y + 6
\ 2x + 3y = 61 ______(2)
Mk{efhý (1) Lku 3 ðzu Mk{efhý (2) Lku 5 ðzu økwýe Mkhðk¤ku fhíkkt,
9x – 15y = 18
+ 10x + 15y = 305
\ 19x = 323
\ x = 17
2x + 3y = 61
\ 2(17) + 3y = 61
\ 34 + 3y = 61
\ 3y = 61 – 34
\ 3y = 27
\ y = 9
yk{, ykÃku÷ ÷tçk[kuhMkLke ÷tçkkE 17 yuf{ yLku Ãknku¤kE 9 yuf{ Au.
36. Ãkûk : ∆ ABC ∼ ∆ PQR
c= m d n c m
2 2 2
ABC AB BC = CA
MkkæÞ : =
PQR PQ QR RP
A P
B C Q R
M N
Mkkrçkíke : ∆ ABC {kt ðuÄ AM yLku ∆ PQR {kt ðuÄ PN Ëkuhku.
1
# BC # AM
ABC
2= BC AM
=
∴ # ....................(1)
PQR
1 QR PN
# QR # PN
2
nðu, ∆ ABM yLku ∆ PQN {kt
∠B = ∠Q ( ∆ ABC ∼ ∆ PQR)
∠M = ∠N (fkxfkuý)
∴ ∆ ABM ∼ ∆ PQN (¾q¾q þhík)
AM = AB
∴ ....................(2)
PN PQ
ð¤e, ∆ ABC ∼ ∆ PQR
= BC
∴ AB = CA ....................(3)
PQ QR RP
ABC
íkuÚke, PQR = AB
PQ
#
AM
PN
((1) yLku (3) ÃkhÚke)
94
ABC
∴ PQR = AB #
PQ PQ
AB
((2) ÃkhÚke)
c m
2
ABC
= AB
= AB 2
∴
PQR PQ 2 PQ
∴ = c= m d n c m
ABC AB 2 BC 2 = CA 2

PQR PQ QR RP
((3) ÃkhÚke).
yÚkðk
36.
 Äkhkufu, AB yu ðes¤eLkku Úkkt¼÷ku Au yLku CD ðes¤eLkk Úkkt¼÷kÚke 4 MkufLz [kÕÞk ÃkAeLke ÃkrhÂMÚkrík{kt
AkufheLkwt MÚkkLk Ëþkoðu Au.
ykf]rík ÃkhÚke òuE þfkÞ Au fu DE yu AkufheLkku ÃkzAkÞku Au.
Äkhku fu, DE = x {exh Au.
nðu, ytíkh = ÍzÃk × Mk{Þ ÃkhÚke,
BD = 1.2 × 4
∴ BD = 4.8 {exh
∆ ABE y™u ∆ CDE {kt,
∠B = ∠D (fkx¾qýk)
∠E = ∠E (yuf s ¾qýku)
∴ ∆ ABE ∼ ∆ CDE (¾q¾q Mk{YÃkíkk)
BE = AB
∴
DE CD
BD + DE = AB
∴
DE CD
+
4.8 x = 3.6
∴ x 0.9
(∴ 90 Mku{e = 0.9 {exh)
∴ 4.8 + x = 4x
∴ 3x = 4.8
∴ x = 1.6
íkuÚke 4 MkufLz [kÕÞk ÃkAe AkufheLkk ÃkzAkÞkLke ÷tçkkE 1.6 {exh nkuÞ.
37. Ãkw÷
X N Y
30° 45°
3 {e
30° 45°
A D B
LkËe
95
 ynª, XY Ãkw÷, AB LkËeLke Ãknku¤kE yLku DN LkËeLke MkÃkkxeÚke Ãkw÷Lke Ÿ[kE Au.
íkuÚke ∠XNA = ∠NAD = 30°, ∠YNB = ∠NBD = 45°, ∠NDA = ∠NDB = 90°, DN = 3 {e Au.
∆ NDA{kt ∠NDA = 90° Au.
ND
∴ tan 30° =
AD
1 = 3
∴
3 AD
∴ AD = 3 3 {e
∆ NDB{kt ∠NDB = 90° Au.
ND
∴ tan 45° =
DB
3
∴ 1 =
DB
∴ DB = 3 {e
∴ LkËeLke Ãknku¤kE = AB = AD + DB
= 3 3 + 3
= 3( 3 + 1) {e
yk{, LkËeLke Ãknku¤kE 3( 3 + 1) {exh Au.
38. A
Mku{e.
D
E
6
B O 8 Mku{e. C
(1) AB = 6 Mku{e., BC = 8 Mku{e. yLku ∠B = 90° nkuÞ íkuðku ∆ ABC Ëkuhku.
(2) BC Lkku ÷tçkrî¼ksf h[e íkuLkwt {æÞ®çkËw O ÷ku. BC ÔÞkMkðk¤wt ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku, su AC Lku D ®çkËw{kt AuËu.
(3) BD òuzku, suÚke BD yu B {ktÚke AC ÃkhLkku ÷tçk Au, fkhý fu ∠BDC yÄoðíkwo¤{kt ytíkøkoík ¾qýku
fkx¾qýku Au.
(4) AO òuzku yLku íkuLkku ÷tçkrî¼ksf h[e íkuLkwt {æÞ®çkËw M {u¤ðku.
(5) M fuLÿ yLku MO rºkßÞkðk¤wt ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku, su BC ÔÞkMkðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lku B yLku E{kt AuËu.
(6) AE òuzku.
(7) yk{, AB yLku AE yu {køÞk {wsçk B, C yLku D {ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíkkt ðíkwo¤Lku A {ktÚke Ëkuhu÷k
MÃkþofku Au.
yÚkðk
96
38. A11 X
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
P Q
R 6.5 ‚u{e
(1) 6.5 Mku{e. ÷tçkkELkku hu¾k¾tz PQ h[e íkuLke MkkÚku ÷½wfkuý çkLkkðu íkuðwt rfhý PX h[ku.
(2) PX Ãkh PA1 = A1A2 = A2A3 = ... = A10A11 ÚkkÞ íkuðkt 11(4 + 7) ®çkËwyku A1, A2, A3, .., A11
ytrfík fhku.
(3) A11Q òuzku.
(4) ®çkËw A4 {ktÚke A11Q Lku Mk{ktíkh nkuÞ íkuðe hu¾k Ëkuhku, su PQ Lku R ®çkËw{kt AuËu.
(5) yk heíku {¤íkwt ®çkËw R yu PQ Lkwt PR : RQ = 4 : 7 økwýku¥kh{kt rð¼ksLk fhíkwt ®çkËw Au. su{kt PR =
2.4 Mku{e. yLku RQ = 4.1 Mku{e. {¤u Au.
39. ÔÞkMk = 3 {exh
3
∴ r = {exh
2
ÃkkýeLkwt ½LkV¤ = yÄoøkku¤kfkh xktfeLkwt ½LkV¤
2 3
= πr
3
2 22 3 3 3
= # # # #
3 7 2 2 2
99
=
14
{exh3
99
= × 1000 r÷xh
14
99000
= r÷xh
14
nðu, xktfe ÃkkRÃk îkhk 3 74 = 25

7
r÷xh/MkufLzLkk ËhÚke ¾k÷e fhðk{kt ykðu Au.
ÃkkýeLkwt ½LkV¤
∴ yk¾e xktfe ¾k÷e fhðk ÷køkíkku Mk{Þ =
Mk{Þ Ëh
99000
14
=
25
7
99000 # 7
=
14 # 25
= 1980 MkufLz
1980
∴ yzÄe xktfe ¾k÷e fhðk ÷køkíkku Mk{Þ = 2
= 990 MkufLz
yk{, yzÄe xktfe ¾k÷e fhðk {kxu 990 MkufLz = 16.5 r{rLkx òuEyu.
97

rð¼køk-A
1. ¾kuxwt 9. (C) 2
2. ¾hwt  3x – y + 8 = 0 (ßÞkt a1 = 3, b1 = –1, c1 = 8)
 Sn = + 3n 2n2 6x – ky = –16
∴ S1 = a = 2(1)2 + 3(1) = 2 + 3 = 5
∴ 6x – ky + 16 = 0
S2 = 2(2)2 + 3(2) = 8 + 6 = 14
∴ a2 = S2 – S1 = 14 – 5 = 9 (ßÞkt a2 = 6, b2 = –k, c2 = 16)
∴ d = a2 – a = 9 – 5 = 4 òu ƒt™u ‚{efhýku™ku yk÷u¾ ‚t…kŒe hu¾kyku nkuÞ, Œku
∴ d = 4 a b c1
1 1
=
a
=
b c2
3. ¾hwt 2 2
3 = −1 = 8
4. ¾kuxwt ∴ 6 −k 16
 rð¼kßÞ MktÏÞkyku → 4, 6 (fw÷ çku)
∴ =1 1
= 1
fw÷ MktÏÞkyku → 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (fw÷ A) 2 k 2
1 = 1
∴
∴ Mkt¼kðLkk = 62 = 13 k 2
∴ k = 2
5. 0
10. (A) 1
 Wøk{®çkËwLkk Þk{ = (0, 0)
ax – by = m  sin A + sin2 A = 1
∴ a(0) – b(0) = m ∴ sin A = 1 – sin2 A
∴ m = 0 – 0 ∴ sin A = cos2 A
∴ m = 0 ∴ sin2 A = cos4 A
6. (2, 0) ∴ 1 – cos2 A = cos4 A
∴ cos2 A + cos4 A = 1
 {æÞ®çkËwLkk Þk{ = c 1 m = (2, 0)
+ 3 2 – 2
,
2 2 11. (C) ƒu þtfw y™u yuf ™¤kfkh
7. ykÞo¼èu 364
12. (A)
8. 14 365
¾hkƒ #zkt™e ‚tÏÞk 13. ðkMíkrðf çkes Lk {¤u
 ‚t¼kð™k P(A) =
fw÷ #zkt 14. 0
¾hkƒ #zkt™e ‚tÏÞk
∴ 0.035 = 15. m = 23
400
∴ ¾hkƒ #zkt™e ‚tÏÞk = 400 × 0.035 16. 3
26
35 = 14000 6 = 3
= 400 × = 14  Mkt¼kðLkk =
1000 1000 52 26
rð¼køk-B
17. 2 26 7 91
13 13 13 13
1 1
26 = 2 × 13
91 = 7 × 13
\ økw.Mkk.y. (26, 91) = 13
\ ÷.Mkk.y. (26, 91) = 2 × 7 × 13 = 182
98
økw.Mkk.y. (26, 91) × ÷.Mkk.y. (26, 91) = 13 × 182 = 2366

çktLku ÃkqýkOfkuLkku økwýkfkh = 26 × 91 = 2366
\ økw.Mkk.y. (26, 91) × ÷.Mkk.y. (26, 91) = 26 × 91
18. 8 = 23
9 = 32
25 = 52
\ økw.Mkk.y. (8, 9, 25) = 1
\ ÷.Mkk.y. (8, 9, 25) = 23 × 32 × 52 = 1800
19. x + 2 = 0
∴ x = – 2
p(x) = x3 + x2 + x + 2
∴ p(–2) = (–2)3 + (–2)2 + (–2) + 2
∴ þu»k = –8 + 4 – 2 + 2
∴ þu»k = – 4 ≠ 0
ykÚke, x + 2 yu p(x) = x3 + x2 + x + 2 Lkku yðÞð LkÚke.
20. 5x – 3y – 11 = 0, – 10x + 6y + 22 = 0
a1 = 5, b1 = –3, c1 = –11, a2 = –10, b2 = 6, c2 = 22
a b − c −
nðu, a1 = − 510 = − 12 , b1 = 63 = − 12 , c1 = 2211 = − 12
2 2 2
1 1
a b c1
ynª, =
a
=
b c2
2 2
ykÚke, ykÃku÷ Mkwhu¾ Mk{efhýÞwø{ MkwMktøkík yLku yð÷tçke Au.
yÚkðk
20. 8x + 5y = 9
∴ 8x + 5y – 9 = 0 ............... (1)
3x + 2y = 4
∴ 3x + 2y – 4 = 0 ............... (2)
x y 1
∴ = =
5 –9 –9 8 8 5
2 –4 –4 3 3 2
x y 1
= =
5 ]–4g – ]–9g 2 ]–9g3 – 8 ]–4g 8 ]2g – 5 ]3 g
∴
x = 7 = 1
∴
–20 + 18 –27 + 32 16 – 15
x= = y 1
∴
–2 5 1
x = 1 y
∴ yLku = 1
–2 1 5 1
∴ x = –2 yLku y = 5
∴ Mk{efhýÞwø{Lkku Wfu÷ : x = –2, y = 5
21. ∴ a = 2, b = – 6, c = 3
b2 – 4ac = (–6)2 – 4(2)(3) = 36 – 24 = 12
ynª, b2 – 4ac > 0 nkuðkÚke ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLkkt çku çkes r¼LLk yLku ðkMíkrðf Au.
99
2
– b ! b − 4ac
nðu, x = 2a
– (− 6) ! 12
=
2#2
6!2 3
=
4
3! 3
=
2
3+ 3 3− 3
yk{, Mk{efhýLkkt çkes 2
yLku 2
Au.
yÚkðk
21. ∴ kx2
– 2kx + 6 = 0
∴ a = k, b = –2k, c = 6
ykÃku÷ rî½kík Mk{efhýLkkt çkes Mk{kLk Au.
∴ b2 – 4ac = 0
∴ (–2k)2 – 4(k)(6) = 0
∴ 4k2 – 24k = 0
∴ 4k(k – 6) = 0
∴ 4k = 0 yÚkðk k – 6 = 0
∴ k = 0 yÚkðk k = 6
22. ∆ ABC ∼ ∆ YZX
∴ ∠B = ∠Z yLku ∠C = ∠X
nðu, ∠B + ∠C = 120°
∴ ∠Z + ∠X = 120°
∆ YZX {kt, ∠Y + ∠Z + ∠X = 180°
∴ ∠Y + 120° = 180°
∴ ∠Y = 180° – 120°
∴ ∠Y = 60°
23. zk.çkk. = cos38° ⋅ cos52° – sin38° ⋅ sin52

= cos38° ⋅ cos52° – sin(90°–52°) ⋅ sin(90°–38°)
= cos38° ⋅ cos52° – cos52° ⋅ cos38°
= 0 = s.çkk.
yÚkðk
1 + sin A
23. zk.çkk. = 1 − sin A
^1 + sin Ah ^1 + sin Ah
]1 – sin Ag (1 + sin A)
=
^1 + sin Ah2
=
1 – sin2 A
^1 + sin Ah2
=
cos 2 A
1 + sin A
=
cos A
100
1 + sin A
=
cos A cos A
= sec A + tan A = s.çkk.
2 2
5c m + 4e o − ]1 g2
1 2
2 3
24. = 2
c m +d n
2
1 3
2 2
1 + 4
5# 4# −1
4 3
=
1 +3
4 4
5 + 16 −
1
4 3
=
1+3
4
15 + 64 − 12
12
=
4
4
67
12
=
1
67
=
12
25.
O
5 Mku{e.
P A
Mku{e. 4
 PA yu O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lkku MÃkþof yLku P MÃkþo®çkËw Au.
PA = 4 Mku{e., OA = 5 Mku{e.
∆ OPA {kt, ∠P = 90° («{uÞ : 10.1)
\ OP2 + PA2 = OA2
\ OP2 = OA2 – PA2 = (5)2 – (4)2 = 25 – 16 = 9
\ OP = 3 Mku{e.
yk{, ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞk 3 Mku{e. Au.
yÚkðk
∴ AP = AS ........................(1)
BP = BQ ........................(2)
CR = CQ ........................(3)
DR = DS ........................(4)
101
∴ l = çknw÷f ðøkoLke yÄ: Mke{k = 4000 h = ðøko÷tçkkE = 1000
f – f
çknw÷f Z = l + f 2f –1 f –0 f p × h
1 0 2
∴ Z = 4000 + d n × 1000
18 – 4
2 ]18g – 4 – 9

14 # 1000
∴ Z = 4000 +
36 – 4 – 9
14000
∴ Z = 4000 +
23
∴ Z = 4000 + 608.7
∴ Z = 4608.7
yk{, ykÃku÷ {krníkeLkku çknw÷f 4608.7 Au.
rð¼køk-C
27. \ 6x2
– 9x + 2x – 3 = 0
\ 3x (2x – 3) + 1 (2x – 3) = 0
\ (2x – 3) (3x + 1) = 0
\ 2x – 3 = 0 yÚkðk 3x + 1 = 0
3 1
\ x = yÚkðk x = −
2 3
9−2 − x Lkku Mknøkwýf
þqLÞkuLkku Mkhðk¤ku = 32 − 13 = 6 = 67 = − 67 = − ba = – 2
x Lkku Mknøkwýf
− y[¤ ÃkË
þqLÞkuLkku økwýkfkh = c 2 m c − 3 m = − 12 = 63 = ac = 2
3 1

x Lkku Mknøkwýf
28. Äkhku fu, hnu{kLkLke yíÞkhLke ô{h x ð»ko Au.
íkuÚke, íkuLke ºký ð»ko Ãknu÷ktLke ô{h (x – 3) ð»ko yLku 5 ð»ko ÃkAeLke ô{h (x + 5) ð»ko nþu.
1 + 1 =1
\
x−3 x+5 3
\ 3(x + 5) + 3 (x – 3) = (x – 3) (x + 5)
\ 3x + 15 + 3x – 9 = x2 + 5x – 3x – 15
\ 6x + 6 = x2 + 2x – 15
\ x2 + 2x – 15 – 6x – 6 = 0
\ x2 – 4x – 21 = 0
\ x2 – 7x + 3x – 21 = 0
\ x(x – 7) + 3 (x – 7) = 0
\ (x – 7) (x + 3) = 0
\ x – 7 = 0
yÚkðk x + 3 = 0
\ x = 7 yÚkðk x = – 3
Ãkhtíkw, hnu{kLkLke ô{h Éý (x = – 3) Lkk nkuÞ.
\ x = 7
yk{, hnu{kLkLke yíÞkhLke ô{h 7 ð»ko Au.
102
29. ynª, Mk{ktíkh ©uýe 9, 17, 25, ..... Au.

∴ a = 9, d = 17 – 9 = 8, Sn = 636
nðu, Sn = 2n [2a + (n – 1)d]
∴ 636 = 2n [2(9) + (n – 1)8]
∴ 1272 = n(18 + 8n – 8)
∴ 1272 = n(8n + 10)
∴ 1272 = 8n2 + 10n
∴ 8n2 + 10n – 1272 = 0
∴ 4n2 + 5n – 636 = 0
∴ 4n2 + 53n – 48n – 636 = 0
∴ n(4n + 53) – 12(4n + 53) = 0
∴ (n – 12) (4n + 53) = 0
∴ n – 12 = 0 yÚkðk 4n + 53 = 0
∴ n = 12 yÚkðk n = –453
Ãkhtíkw ÃkËkuLke MktÏÞk Éý c n = – 4 m þõÞ LkÚke.

53

∴ n = 12
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkkt 12 ÃkËkuLkku Mkhðk¤ku 636 ÚkkÞ.
yÚkðk
29. ynª, Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt ºkeswt ÃkË a3 = 4 yLku Lkð{w ÃkË a9 = –8 Au.
∴ a3 = a + 2d = 4
a9 = a + 8d = –8
– – +
∴ –6d = 12
∴ d = –2
a + 2d = 4{kt d = –2 {qfíkkt,
a + 2d = 4
∴ a + 2(–2) = 4
∴ a – 4 = 4
∴ a = 4 + 4
∴ a = 8
Äkhku fu, ykÃku÷ ©uýeLkwt n {w ÃkË an = 0 ÚkkÞ Au.
∴ an = 0
∴ a + (n – 1)d = 0
∴ 8 + (n – 1)(–2) = 0
∴ (n – 1)(–2) = –8
–8
∴ n – 1 = = 4
–2
∴ n = 4 + 1
∴ n = 5
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt 5{w ÃkË 0 ÚkkÞ Au.
103
30. Äkhku fu, ®çkËw P (x, y) yu ®çkËwyku A (3, 6) yLku B (–3, 4) Úke Mk{kLk ytíkhu ykðu÷wt Au.
∴ PA = PB
∴ PA2 = PB2
∴ (x – 3)2 + (y – 6)2 = (x + 3)2 + (y – 4)2
∴ x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 12y + 36 = x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 – 8y + 16
∴ – 6x – 12y + 36 = 6x – 8y + 16
∴ – 6x – 12y + 36 – 6x + 8y – 16 = 0
∴ – 12x – 4y + 20 = 0
∴ 3x + y – 5 = 0
yk{, x yLku y ðå[uLkku MktçktÄ 3x + y – 5 = 0 Au.
31. Ãkûk : O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lku P ®çkËwyu MÃkþoíkku MÃkþof XY Au.
MkkæÞ : OP yu XY Lku ÷tçk Au yux÷u fu OP ⊥ XY
ykf]rík :
Y X
P Q
Mkkrçkíke : XY Ãkh P rMkðkÞLkwt fkuE ®çkËw Q ÷ku yLku O íkÚkk Q Lku òuzíke hu¾k Ëkuhku.
®çkËw Q ðíkwo¤Lke çknkhLkwt ®çkËw s nkuE þfu.
òu Q ðíkwo¤Lke ytËh nkuÞ, íkku XY AurËfk çkLku yu ðíkwo¤Lkku MÃkþof Lk çkLku.
íkuÚke, OQ yu ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞk OP fhíkkt {kuxe Au.
yux÷u fu, OQ > OP
®çkËw P rMkðkÞ, hu¾k XY Lkkt çkÄkt ®çkËwyku {kxu yk çkLku Au. OP yu O Úke XY ÃkhLkkt
®çkËwykuÚke çkÄkt ytíkhku Ãkife xqtfk{kt xqtfwt ytíkh Au.
íkuÚke, OP yu XY Lku ÷tçk Au.
32. [kuhMk ABCD Lke çkkswLke ÷tçkkE = AB = BC = CD = DA = 14 Mku{e.
[kuhMkLke çkkswLke ÷tçkkE
«íÞuf ðíkwo¤Lkku ÔÞkMk =
2
14
=
2
= 7 Mku{e.
7
∴ r = Mku{e.
2
htøkeLk «ËuþLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = [kuhMkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ – 4 × ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤
= (AB)2 – 4 × πr2
= (14)2 – c 4 # # m
22 7 7
7
#
2 2
= 196 – 154
= 42 Mku{e.2
yk{, [kuhMk ABCD {kt ykðu÷k htøkeLk «ËuþLkwt ûkuºkV¤ 42 Mku{e.2 Au.
104
33. Äkhku fu, ykuøkk¤ðk{kt ykðu÷ ºký økku¤kykuLke rºkßÞkyku r1 = 6 Mku{e., r2 = 8 Mku{e. yLku r3 = 10 Mku{e.,
Ãkrhýk{e {kuxk Lk¬h økku¤kLke rºkßÞk R Au.
Ãkrhýk{e {kuxk Lk¬h økku¤kLkwt ½LkV¤ = ykuøkk¤ðk{kt ykðu÷ ºký økku¤kykuLkwt fw÷ ½LkV¤
4 4 4 4
∴ πR3 = πr 3 + πr 3 + πr 3
3 3 1 3 2 3 3
∴ R3 = r13 + r23 + r33
∴ R3 = 63 + 83 + 103
∴ R3 = 216 + 512 + 1000
∴ R3 = 1728
∴ R3 = 123
∴ R = 12 Mku{e.
∴ {kuxk Lk¬h økku¤kLke rºkßÞk = 12 Mku{e.
yÚkðk
33. Mk{½LkLke çkkswLkwt {kÃk = l = 7 Mku{e.
yÄoøkku÷fLkku {n¥k{ ÔÞkMk = 7 Mku{e. ÚkkÞ.
∴ rºkßÞk r = 27 Mku{e.
∴ ÃkËkÚkoLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤
= Mk{½LkLkwt Ãk]cV¤ + yÄoøkku÷fLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤ – yÄoøkku÷fLkk ÃkkÞkLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 6l2 + 2πr2 – πr2
= 6l2 + πr2
22 7 7
= 6(7)2 + # #
7 2 2
77
= 6(49) +
2
= 294 + 38.5
= 332.5 Mku{e.2
34. fuheykuLke ¾ku¾ktykuLke
xi ui f i u i
MktÏÞk (ðøko) MktÏÞk (fi)
50 – 52 15 51 –2 –30
53 – 55 110 54 –1 –110
56 – 58 135 57 = a 0 0
59 – 61 115 60 1 115
62 – 64 25 63 2 50
fw÷ Σfi = 400 – – 25 = Σfiui
/f i ui
 {æÞf x = a +
/f i
× h
25
∴ x = 57 + × 3
400
∴ x = 57 + 0.19
∴ x = 57.19
yk{, çktÄ ¾ku¾k{kt {qfu÷ fuheykuLke MktÏÞkLkku {æÞf 57.19 Au.
ynª, {æÞf þkuÄðk {kxu ÃkË-rð[÷LkLke heíkLkku WÃkÞkuøk fÞkuo Au.
yÚkðk
105
34. Wt{h (ð»ko{kt) Ãkkur÷‚eÄkhfku™e Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k

(ðøko) ‚tÏÞk (fi) (cf)
15 – 20 2 2
20 – 25 4 6
25 – 30 18 24
30 – 35 21 45
35 – 40 33 78
40 – 45 11 89
45 – 50 3 92
50 – 55 6 98
55 – 60 2 100
fw÷ n = 100 –
 ynª, n = 100
n = 100
∴ = 50
2 2
ynª 50 Úke íkhík {kuxe Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k 78 yu ðøko 35 – 40 {kt nkuðkÚke {æÞMÚk ðøko 35 – 40 Au.
nðu, l = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke yÄ: Mke{k = 35
2n = 50
cf = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke ykøk¤Lkk ðøkoLke
Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k = 45
n
M = l + f2 p × h
– cf
{æÞMÚk
f
∴ M = 35 + c m × 5
50 – 45

33
5 # 5
∴ M = 35 +
33
∴ M = 35 + 0.76
∴ M = 35.76
yk{, Ãkkur÷MkeÄkhfkuLke {æÞMÚk ô{h 35.76 ð»ko Au.
rð¼køk-D
35. 2x + 3y = 11 ________(1)
2x – 4y = –24 ________(2)
‚{efhý (1) {ktÚke ‚{efhý (2) ƒkË fhŒkt (÷ku…™e heŒ)
2x + 3y = 11
2x – 4y = –24
– + +
∴ 7y = 35
106
35
∴ y =
7
∴ y = 5
‚{efhý (1) {kt y = 5 {qfŒkt
2x + 3y = 11
∴ 2x + 3(5) = 11
∴ 2x + 15 = 11
∴ 2x = 11 – 15
∴ 2x = –4
−4
∴ x =
2
∴ x = –2
yk{, yk…u÷ ‚whu¾ ‚{efhýÞwø{™ku Wfu÷ x = –2 y™u y = 5 {¤u.
nðu, y = mx + 3 {kt x = –2 y™u y = 5 {qfŒkt
5 = m (– 2) + 3
∴ 5 = – 2m + 3
∴ 2m = 3 – 5
∴ 2m = –2
−2
∴ m =
2
∴ m = –1
36. Ãkûk : ∆ ABC {kt, AC2 = AB2 + BC2

MkkæÞ : ∠B = 90°
A P
B C Q R
Mkkrçkíke : ∆ PQR yuðku h[ku su{kt ∠Q fkx¾qýku íkÚkk AB = PQ y™u BC = QR nkuÞ.
nðu, ∆ PQR {kt, ∠Q = 90°
∴ PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 (ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ)
∴ PR2 = AB2 + BC2 .................(1)
Ãkhtíkw, Ãkûk {wsçk, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ............(2)
∴ AC2 = PR2 ((1) y™u (2) ÃkhÚke)
∴ AC = PR .................(3)
nðu, ∆ ABC yLku ∆ PQR{kt
AB = PQ (h[Lkk)
BC = QR (h[Lkk)
AC = PR ((3) {wsçk)
∴ ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ PQR (yufYÃkíkkLke çkkçkkçkk þhík)
∴ ∠B = ∠Q (yLkwYÃk ¾qýkyku)
Ãkhtíkw, ∠Q = 90° (h[Lkk)
∴ ∠B = 90°
yÚkðk
107
36. X
P r{Lkkhku
6{e.
ðktMk
Q R Y Z
{e. 4 28 {e.
ÃkzAkÞku ÃkzAkÞku
 ynª, ∆ PQR {kt PQ rþhku÷tçk ðktMk yLku QR íkuLkku ÃkzAkÞku Au.
\ PQ = 6 {e. yLku QR = 4 {e.
∆ XYZ {kt XY r{Lkkhku yLku YZ íkuLkku ÃkzAkÞku Au.
\ YZ = 28 {e.
çktLku ÃkzAkÞkLke ÷tçkkE yuf s Mk{Þu {kÃkðk{kt ykðu Au, íkuÚke ∠R yLku ∠Z MkqÞoLkk WíMkuÄfkuý Au.
\ ∠R = ∠Z
∆ PQR yLku ∆ XYZ {kt,
∠R = ∠Z yLku ∠Q = ∠Y (fkx¾qýk)
\ ∆ PQR ∼ ∆ XYZ (¾q¾q þhík)
PQ QR
\ =
XY YZ
6 = 4
\
XY 28
6 # 28
\ XY =
4
\ XY = 42 {e
yk{, r{LkkhkLke Ÿ[kE 42 {e. Au.
37. A
R{khík 28.5 {e.
30 {e.
60° M 30°
↓ P N
1.5 {e.
↓
B C D
 ynª, AB
R{khík, D AkufhkLkwt «khtr¼f MÚkkLk, C AkufhkLkwt ytrík{ MÚkkLk Au. N yLku M yu yk MÚkkLk
Ãkh AkufhkLke ykt¾ku Ëþkoðu Au. Äkhku fu, ÷tçkkðu÷ NM yu ABLku P {kt {¤u Au.
ykÚke, ∠APM = ∠APN = 90°, ∠ANP = 30°, ∠AMP = 60°, ND = MC = PB = 1.5 {e. yLku AP
= AB – PB = 30 – 1.5 = 28.5 {e.
∆ APM{kt, ∠APM = 90° Au.
AP
∴ tan 60° = PM
28.5
∴ 3 =
PM
28.5
∴ PM = {exh
3
∆ APN{kt, ∠APN = 90° Au.
∴ tan 30° = AP PN
108
1 28.5
∴ =
3 PN
∴ PN = 28.5 3 {exh
Akufhkyu fkÃku÷ ytíkh = DC = NM = PN – PM
28.5 85.5 – 28.5
= 28.5 3 – =
3 3
57
=
= 19 3 {e = 19 × 1.73 = 32.87 {e
3
yk{, Akufhku R{khík íkhV 32.87 {e. [kÕÞku nþu.
38. A C
7 Mku{e. 7 Mku{e. Q
P MX 3 Mku{e. O3 Mku{e. Y N
B D
(1) O fuLÿ yLku 3 Mku{e. rºkßÞkðk¤wt ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku. íkuLkk ÔÞkMk XY Lku ÷tçkkðe íkuLke çktLku çkksw fuLÿ O Úke
7 Mku{e. ytíkhu P yLku Q ®çkËw ÷ku.
(2) OP yLku OQ Lkk ÷tçkrî¼ksf h[eLku íkuLkkt {æÞ®çkËwyku yLkw¢{u M yLku N {u¤ðku.
(3) M fuLÿ yLku MP rºkßÞkðk¤wt ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku, su O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lku A yLku B{kt AuËu.
(4) PA yLku PB Ëkuhku.
(5) N fuLÿ yLku NQ rºkßÞkðk¤wt ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku, su O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lku C yLku D{kt AuËu.
(6) QC yLku QD Ëkuhku.
(7) yk{, PA yLku PB yu ®çkËw P {ktÚke íkÚkk QC yLku QD yu ®çkËw Q {ktÚke O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lkk {køÞk
{wsçkLkk MÃkþofku Au.
yÚkðk
38.
A'
e.
Mku{
5
60°
B
6 Mku{e. C' C
B1
B2
B3
B4
X
109
(1) BC = 6 Mku{e., AB = 5 Mku{e. yLku ∠ABC = 60° nkuÞ íkuðku ∆ ABC h[ku.
(2) BC Lkk su yÄoík÷{kt ®çkËw A Au íkuLkkÚke rðhwØ yÄoík÷{kt rfhý BX Ëkuhku, suÚke ∠CBX ÷½wfkuý ÚkkÞ.
(3) BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4 ÚkkÞ íkuðkt [kh ®çkËwyku B1, B2, B3 y™u B4 Lku BX Ãkh ytrfík fhku.
(4) B4C òuzku.
(5) ∠BB4C = ∠BB3C' h[eLku B3 {ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku B4C Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su BCLku C' {kt AuËu.
(6) ∠BCA = ∠BC'A' h[eLku C' {ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku AC Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su BA Lku A' {kt AuËu.
(7) yk{, ∆ A'BC' {køÞk {wsçkLkku rºkfkuý Au, suLke çkkswyku ∆ ABC Lke y™wYÃk çkkswykuÚke 34 økýe Au.
39. Lk¤kfkh þtfw
ÔÞkMk = 3 Mku{e. ÔÞkMk = 3 Mku{e.
3 3
∴ r =
Mku{e. ∴ r = Mku{e.
2 2
∴ H = 8 Mku{e. h = 2 Mku{e.
fw÷ ÷tçkkE = 12 Mku{e.
∴ Lk¤kfkhLke Ÿ[kE + 2 × þtfwLke Ÿ[kE = 12
∴ H + 2 × 2 = 12
∴ H + 4 = 12
∴ H = 12 – 4
∴ H = 8 Mku{e.
nðkLkwt ½LkV¤ = Lk¤kfkhLkwt ½LkV¤ + 2 × þtfwLkwt ½LkV¤
1
= πr2H + 2 × πr2h
3
= πr2 c H + m
2h
3
# c8 +
22 3 3 2#2m
= # #
7 2 2 3
# c 24 4 m
198 +
=
28 3
198 28
= #
28 3
= 66 Mku{e.3
yk{, hþu÷u çkLkkðu÷ Lk{qLkk{kt 66 Mku{e.3 nðk Mk{kþu.
110

rð¼køk-A
1. ¾hwt 9. (A) 3
2. ¾hwt  cx – y = 2
 Sn = 12n2
+ 21n ∴ cx – y – 2 = 0 (ßÞkt a1 = c, b1 = –1, c1 = –2)
∴ Sn – 1 = 12(n – 1)2 + 21(n – 1)
6x – 2y = 4
= 12(n2 – 2n + 1) + 21n – 21 ∴ 6x – 2y – 4 = 0
= 12n2 – 24n + 12 + 21n – 21
(ßÞkt a2 = 6, b2 = –2, c2 = –4)
= 12n2 – 3n – 9
an = Sn – Sn–1 = 12n2 + 21n – (12n2 – 3n – 9)
òu ‚{efhýÞwø{™k y™tŒ Wfu÷ nkuÞ, Œku
= 12n2 + 21n – 12n2 + 3n + 9 1 1
a b c1
= 24n + 9 =
a
=
b c2
2 2
− −
3. ¾kuxwt ∴ 6c = − 12 = − 24
4. ¾hwt
∴ 6c = 12
 yuf ytfLke «kf]ríkf MktÏÞkyku = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9 (fw÷ 9) ∴ c = 62 = 3
yuf ytfLke yrð¼kßÞ MktÏÞk = 2, 3, 5, 7 (fw÷ 4) 1
10. (C)
4 2
∴ Mkt¼kðLkk = 9  sinθ – cosθ = 0
5. 44 \ sinθ = cosθ
 4 + 4 = 8 yLku 4 × 4 = 16 \ θ = 45°
sin4θ + cos4θ = sin4 45° + cos4 45°
6. (3, 0)
1 4 1 4
 Äkhku fu X-yûk ÃkhLkwt ®çkËw M(x, 0) Au. = e o +e o
∴ MP = MQ
2 2
∴ MP2 = MQ2
1 +1
=
4 4
∴ (x + 1)2 + (0 – 2)2 = (x – 5)2 + (0 – 4)2
2 = 1
∴ x2 + 2x + 1 + 4 = x2 – 10x + 25 + 16 =
4 2
∴ 2x + 5 = – 10x + 41
∴ 2x + 10x = 41 – 5 11. (B) yuf yÄo„ku¤ku y™u yuf þtfw
∴ 12x = 36 3
12. (D)
∴ x = 3 5
yk{, {ktøku÷ ®çkËw (3, 0) nkuÞ.  ynª, P(A) = 2x yLku P( A ) = 3x
nðu, P(A) + P( A ) = 1
7. ©erLkðkMk hk{kLkwsLku ∴ 2x + 3x = 1
8. 0 ∴ 5x = 1
1
 r÷Ãk ð»ko{kt Vuçkúwykhe {rnLkkLkk 29 rËðMkku nkuÞ ∴ x =
5
Au. (òu r÷Ãk ð»ko Lk nkuÞ íkku Vuçkúwykhe {rnLkkLkk 1 3
∴ P( A ) = 3x = 3 × =
28 rËðMkku nkuÞ Au.) y™u yXðkrzÞk{kt yuf s 5 5
13. a = –1
ðkh þw¢ðkh ykðu Au.
4 14. θ = 10°
7 28 15. Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k
¼ksf 28 1
16.
00 þu»k 36
þu»k
Mkt¼kðLkk P(A) = ¼ksf  ºký Mk{kLk ytfku {¤u íkuLke MktÏÞk = 6
fw÷ Ãkrhýk{kuLke MktÏÞk = 63 = 216
0 6 = 1
= = 0 ∴ Mkt¼kðLkk =
7 216 36
111
rð¼køk-B
17. 2 510 2 92
3 255 2 46
5 85 23 23
17 17 1
1
510 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 17
92 = 22 × 23
\ økw.Mkk.y. (510, 92) = 2
\ ÷.Mkk.y. (510, 92) = 22 × 3 × 5 × 17 × 23 = 23460
økw.Mkk.y. (510, 92) × ÷.Mkk.y. (510, 92) = 2 × 23460 = 46920
\ økw.Mkk.y. (510, 92) × ÷.Mkk.y. (510, 92) = 510 × 92
18. 2 yLku 5 ðzu rð¼kßÞ nkuÞ íkuðe MktÏÞkLkku ytrík{ ytf 0 nkuÞ. yux÷u fu, ytrík{ ytf 0 nkuÞ íkuðe
MktÏÞkLkk yrð¼kßÞ yðÞðku{kt 2 y™u 5 çktLkuLkku Mk{kðuþ ÚkkÞ.
nðu, 6n = (2 × 3)n = 2n × 3n, ßÞkt n fkuE «kf]ríkf MktÏÞk Au.
yk{, 6 Lku Võík 2 y™u 3 yu{ çku s yrð¼kßÞ yðÞðku Au.
yk{, 6n Lkk yrð¼kßÞ yðÞðku{kt 5Lkku Mk{kðuþ Úkíkku Lk nkuðkÚke fkuEf «kf]ríkf MktÏÞk n {kxu 6n Lkku
ytrík{ ytf 0 Lk s ÚkkÞ.
19. ¼kßÞ = ¼ksf × ¼køkV¤ + þu»k
∴ p(x) = g(x) × q(x) + r(x)
∴ p(x) = (x2 + 3x + 5) × (2x2 + x + 1) + (x – 3)
∴ p(x) = 2x4 + x3 + x2 + 6x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 10x2 + 5x + 5 + x – 3
∴ p(x) = 2x4 + 7x3 + 14x2 + 9x + 2
20. 7x – 15y – 2 = 0 .............(1)
x + 2y = 3 .............(2)
∴ x = 3 – 2y .............(3)
Mk{efhý (3) Lke ®f{ík Mk{efhý (1) {kt {qfíkkt,
7x – 15y – 2 = 0
∴ 7 (3 – 2y) – 15y – 2 = 0
∴ 21 – 14y – 15y – 2 = 0
∴ 19 – 29y = 0
∴ – 29y = –19
19
∴ y =
29
19
Mk{efhý (3) {kt y = 29 {qfíkkt,
x = 3 – 2y
∴ x = 3 – 2c m
19
29
112
38
∴ x = 3 –
29
87 − 38
∴ x =
29
49
∴ x =
29
49 19
∴ Mk{efhýÞwø{Lkku Wfu÷ : x = 29 , y = 29
yÚkðk
20. 8x + 5y = 9
∴ 8x + 5y – 9 = 0 ............... (1)
3x + 2y = 4
∴ 3x + 2y – 4 = 0 ............... (2)
x y 1
∴ = =
5 –9 –9 8 8 5
2 –4 –4 3 3 2
x y 1
= =
5 ]–4g – ]–9g 2 ]–9g3 – 8 ]–4g 8 ]2g – 5 ]3 g
∴
x = 7 = 1
∴
–20 + 18 –27 + 32 16 – 15
x y 1
∴ = =
–2 5 1
x = 1 y
∴
–2 1
yLku 5 = 11
∴ x = –2 yLku y = 5
∴ Mk{efhýÞwø{Lkku Wfu÷ : x = –2, y = 5
21. 3x2 – 2 6 x + 2 = 0
∴ 3x2 – 6x – 6x + 2 = 0
∴ 3 x ^ 3x – 2h – 2^ 3 x – 2h = 0
∴ ^ 3 x – 2h ^ 3 x – 2h = 0
∴ 3x – 2 = 0 yÚkðk 3x – 2 = 0
2 2
∴ x = yÚkðk x =
3 3
2 2
∴ x = yÚkðk x =
3 3
2 2
∴ Mk{efhýLkkt çkes : ,
3 3
yÚkðk
21. 3x2 + 2ax – a2 = 0
∴ 3x2 + 3ax – ax – a2 = 0
∴ 3x (x + a) – a (x + a) = 0
∴ (x + a) (3x – a) = 0
∴ x + a = 0 yÚkðk 3x – a = 0
∴ x = – a yÚkðk x = 3a
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLkk Wfu÷ku –a yLku 3a Au.

113
22. A
Ëeðk÷ 6 {e. rLkMkhýe
B
{e. C 2.5
 ynª, AC = rLkMkhýeLke ÷tçkkE, AB = Ëeðk÷ y™u A çkkhe Au.
∴ AB = 6 {e. y™u BC = 2.5 {e.
∆ ABC {kt, ∠B fkx¾qýku Au.
∴ AC2 = AB2 + BC2
∴ AC2 = (6)2 + (2.5)2
∴ AC2 = 36 + 6.25
∴ AC2 = 42.25
∴ AC = 42.25
∴ AC = 6.5 {e. = 650 Mku{e.
yk{, rLkMkhýeLke ÷tçkkE 650 Mku{e. Au.
23. sec 4A = cosec (A – 20°)
\ sec 4A = sec [90° – (A – 20°)]
\ sec 4A = sec (90° – A + 20°)
∴ sec 4A = sec (110° – A)
∴ 4A = 110° – A
∴ 4A + A = 110°
∴ 5A = 110°
110°
∴ A = = 22°
5
çkeS heíku :
sec 4A = cosec (A – 20°)
∴ cosec (90° – 4A) = cosec (A – 20°)
∴ 90° – 4A = A – 20°
∴ 90° + 20° = A + 4A
∴ 5A = 110°
∴ A = 22°
yÚkðk
3
sin θ − 2 sin θ
23. zk.çkk. =
2 cos3 θ − cos θ
sin θ ^1 – 2 sin2 θ h
cos θ ^2 cos 2 θ – 1 h
=
sin θ ^sin2 θ + cos 2 θ – 2 sin2 θ h

cos θ ^2 cos 2 θ – sin2 θ – cos 2 θ h
=
( 1 = sin2θ + cos2θ)
sin θ ^cos 2 θ – sin2 θ h
cos θ ^cos 2 θ – sin2 θ h
=
sin θ
=
cos θ
= tan θ = s.çkk.
114
2 1
24. 4 (sin4 30° + cos4 60°) – (sin2 60° – cos2 45°) + tan2 60°
3 2
2
o 4 + ^ 3h
2* 3 1 2 1
= 4 (c m + c m 2 −
4 4
d n −e
1 1 2

2 2 3 2 2 2
= 4 c m – c – m + ]3 g
1 + 1 2 3 1 1
16 16 3 4 2 2
= 4 × c
1+1 m 2 c3– 2m+ 3
–
16 3 4 2
2 2 1 + 3
= 4 × – #
16 3 4 2
1 1 + 3
= –
2 6 2
+
3–1 9 11
= =
6 6
25. A
O P
B
 OP yu ∠AOB Lkku rî¼ksf Au.
+AOB 80°
∴ ∠BOP = = = 40°
2 2
∴ ∠BOP = 40°
OB ⊥ PB nkuðkÚke, ∠OBP = 90°
∆ OBP {kt, ∠BOP + ∠OBP + ∠OPB = 180°
∴ 40° + 90° + ∠OPB = 180°
∴ ∠OPB = 50°
yÚkðk
∴ AP = AS ........................(1)
BP = BQ ........................(2)
CR = CQ ........................(3)
DR = DS ........................(4)
115
f – f
çknw÷f Z = l + f 2f 1– f –0 f p × h
1 0 2
∴ Z = 40 + d 20 − 12 n × 10
2 (20) − 12 − 11
∴ Z = 40 + 8 1710
#
∴ Z = 40 + 4.7
∴ Z = 44.7
yk{, ykÃku÷ {krníkeLkku çknw÷f 44.7 økkzeyku Au.
rð¼køk-C
27. Äkhku fu, {ktøku÷ rî½kík çknwÃkËe ax2 + bx + c Lkkt þqLÞku a yLku b Au.
3 2 −b 1 = c
\ a + b = 2 = =

3 a íkÚkk ab = 3 a
\ a = 3, b = – 3 2 yLku c = 1
ykÚke ykÃku÷ þhíkLku yLkwYÃk yuf rî½kík çknwÃkËe 3x2 – 3 2 x + 1 Au. þqLÞuíkh ðkMíkrðf MktÏÞk k {kxu,
k(3x2 – 3 2 x + 1) MðYÃkLke fkuE Ãký çkeS rî½kík çknwÃkËe Ãký ykÃku÷ þhíkLku yLkwYÃk ÷E þfkÞ.
28. Äkhku fu, «Úk{ yÞwø{ ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk x Au.
íkuÚke ¢r{f çkeS yÞwø{ ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk x + 2 nkuÞ.
ykÃku÷ þhík {wsçk, x2 + (x + 2)2 = 290
∴ x2 + x2 + 4x + 4 – 290 = 0
∴ 2x2 + 4x – 286 = 0
∴ x2 + 2x – 143 = 0
a = 1, b = 2, c = –143
b2 – 4ac = (2)2 – 4(1)(–143) = 4 + 572 = 576
− b ! b2 − 4ac
∴ x =
2a
− 2 ! 576
∴ x =
2#1
− 2 ! 24
∴ x =
2
− 2 + 24 − −
∴ x =
2
yÚkðk x = 2 2 24
∴ x = 11 yÚkðk x = –13
Ãkhtíkw x ÄLk yÞwø{ ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk nkuðkÚke x = –13 þõÞ LkÚke.
∴ x = 11
yk{, {ktøku÷ çku ¢r{f ÄLk yÞwø{ ÃkqýkOfku 11 yLku 13 Au.
29. Mk{ktíkh ©uýe 3, 15, 27, 39, ...... Au.
\ a = 3, d = 15 – 3 = 12
Äkhku fu, ykÃku÷ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt n {w ÃkË 54 {k ÃkË fhíkkt 132 ðÄw Au.
\ an = a54 + 132
\ a + (n – 1) d = a + 53d + 132
\ 3 + (n – 1) 12 = 3 + 53(12) + 132
116
\ 3 + 12n – 12 = 3 + 636 + 132
\ 12n = 3 + 636 + 132 + 12 – 3
\ 12n = 780
780
\ n =
12
\ n = 65
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt 65 {w ÃkË íkuLkk 54 {k ÃkË fhíkkt 132 ðÄw Au.
yÚkðk
29. an = l = 4, d = 2, Sn = –14, n = _______, a = _______
an = a + (n – 1) d
∴ 4 = a + (n – 1) 2
∴ 4 = a + 2n – 2
∴ a = 4 – 2n + 2
∴ a = 6 – 2n
ynª, Sn = 2n (a + an)
n
∴ –14 = (6 – 2n + 4)
2
∴ –28 = n (10 – 2n)
∴ –28 = 10n – 2n2
∴ 2n2 – 10n – 28 = 0
∴ n2 – 5n – 14 = 0
∴ n2 – 7n + 2n – 14 = 0
∴ n (n – 7) + 2 (n – 7) = 0
∴ (n – 7) (n + 2) = 0
∴ n – 7 = 0 yÚkðk n + 2 = 0
∴ n = 7 yÚkðk n = –2
Ãkhtíkw n ÄLk ÃkqýkOf nkuðkÚke n ≠ –2
∴ n = 7
nðu, a = 6 – 2n
∴ a = 6 – 2(7)
∴ a = 6 – 14
∴ a = – 8
30. ®çkËwyku P (2, –3) yLku Q (10, y) ðå[uLkwt ytíkh 10 yuf{ Au.

∴ PQ = 10
∴ PQ2 = (10)2
∴ (2 – 10)2 + (–3 – y)2 = 100
∴ 64 + 9 + 6y + y2 – 100 = 0
∴ y2 + 6y – 27 = 0
∴ y2 + 9y – 3y – 27 = 0
∴ y(y + 9) – 3(y + 9) = 0
∴ (y + 9) (y – 3) = 0
∴ y + 9 = 0 yÚkðk y – 3 = 0
∴ y = – 9 yÚkðk y = 3
yk{, y Lke ®f{ík – 9 yLku 3 nkuÞ.
117
31.
Äkhku fu AB yLku AC yu ∆ ABC Lkk 4 Mku{e. rºkßÞk yLku O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lku yLkw¢{u E yLku F{kt
AuËu Au.
∴ OD = OE = OF = r = 4 Mku{e.
DC = FC = 6 Mku{e. yLku
BD = EB = 8 Mku{e.
Äkhku fu, AE = AF = x Mku{e.
íkuÚke ∆ ABC {kt AB = AE + EB = (x + 8) Mku{e.,
BC = BD + DC = 8 + 6 = 14 Mku{e. yLku
AC = AF + FC = (x + 6) Mku{e.
AB + BC + AC x + 8 + 14 + x + 6
yÄoÃkrhr{rík S = 2
=
2
+
2x 28
= = (x + 14) Mku{e.
2
S – AB = x + 14 – x – 8 = 6
S – BC = x + 14 – 14 = x
S – AC = x + 14 – x – 6 = 8
∴ ∆ ABCLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = S ]S – ABg ]S – BCg ]S – ACg (nuhkuLkLkwt Mkqºk)
= ^ x + 14h # 6 # x # 8
= 48 x ^ x + 14h Mku{e.2 .....(1)
ð¤e, ∆ ABCLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= ∆ AOBLkwt ûkuºkV¤ + ∆ BOCLkwt ûkuºkV¤ + ∆ AOCLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= c # AB # OE m + c # BC # OD m + c # AC # OF m
1 1 1
2 2 2
= c # ^ x + 8h # 4 m + c # 14 # 4 m + c # ^ x + 6h # 4 m
1 1 1
2 2 2
1
= × 4 × (x + 8 + 14 + x + 6)
2
= 2 (2x + 28)
Mku{e.2
= 4 (x + 14) ...............(2)
48x ^ x + 14h = 4(x + 14)
∴ 48x(x + 14) = 16(x + 14)(x + 14)
∴ 3x = x + 14
∴ 3x – x = 14
∴ 2x = 14
∴ x = 7
nðu, AB = x + 8 = 7 + 8 = 15 Mku{e. yLku
AC = x + 6 = 7 + 6 = 13 Mku{e.
yk{, AB = 15 Mku{e. yLku AC = 13 Mku{e. Au.
32. [kuhMk ABCD {kt çkkswLke ÷tçkkE = a = 14 Mku{e.
\ [kuhMk ABCD Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ = a2
= (14)2
= 196 Mku{e.2
118
[kuhMk ABCD Lke çkkswLke ÷tçkkE

ynª, Ëhuf ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞk r =
2
a
=
2
14
=
2
= 7 Mku{e.
htøkeLk «Ëuþ yu [kuhMk ABCD Lkkt Ëhuf rþhku®çkËw yu h[kÞu÷k [kh [íkwÚkkOþ Ëqh fhðkÚke {¤íkku «Ëuþ Au.
[kuhMk ABCD Lkk Ëhuf rþhku®çkËwyu h[kÞu÷ [íkwÚkkOþ {kxu r = 7 Mku{e. Au.
πr 2
\ [kh [íkwÚkkOþLkwt fw÷ ûkuºkV¤ = 4 × 4
= πr2
22
= ×7×7
7
= 154 Mku{e.2
\ htøkeLk «ËuþLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = [kuhMk ABCD Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ – [kh [íkwÚkkOþLkwt fw÷ ûkuºkV¤
= 196 – 154
= 42 Mku{e.2
33. ynª, h = 14 Mku{e., {kuxe rºkßÞk r1 = 24 = 2 Mku{e. yLku LkkLke rºkßÞk r2 = 22 = 1 Mku{e. Au.
∴ ÃÞk÷kLke ûk{íkk = þtfwLkk ykzAuËLkwt ½LkV¤
1
= πh (r12 + r22 + r1 r2)
3
1 22
= × × 14 × [(2)2 + (1)2 + (2 × 1)]
3 7
44
= × (4 + 1 + 2)
3
44
= × 7
3
308
=
3
2
= 102
3
Mku{e.3
yk{, ykÃku÷ ÃÞk÷kLke ûk{íkk 102 32 Mku{e.3 Au.

yÚkðk
33. fqðku (Lk¤kfkh) ÔÞkMkÃkeX (÷tçk½Lk)
ÔÞkMk = 7 {exh L = 22 {exh
7
∴ r = {exh B = 14 {exh
2
h = 20 {exh H = ..........

fqðk{ktÚke Lkef¤íke {kxeLkwt ½LkV¤ = ÔÞkMkÃkeX çkLkkððk ðÃkhkíke {kxeLkwt ½LkV¤
∴ πr2h = LBH
πr 2 h
∴ H =
LB
22 # 7 # 7 # 20
∴ H =
7 # 2 # 2 # 22 # 14
∴ H = 2.5 {exh
yk{, ÔÞkMkÃkeXLke Ÿ[kE 2.5 {exh nkuÞ.
119
34. ykÞw»Þ ykð]r¥k xi ui fi ui

(f÷kf{kt) ðøko ( fi )
0 – 200 9 100 –3 –27
200 – 400 35 300 –2 –70
400 – 600 50 500 –1 –50
600 – 800 61 700 = a 0 0
800 – 1000 38 900 1 38
1000 – 1200 32 1100 2 64
fw÷ Σfi = 225 – – Σfiui = –45
/ fi u i
 {æÞf x = a +
/ fi
× h
–45 # 200
∴ x = 700 +
225
∴ x = 700 – 40
∴ x = 660
yÚkðk
34. ðøko ykð]r¥k (fi) Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k (cf)
0 – 10 5 5
10 – 20 x 5+x
20 – 30 20 25 + x
30 – 40 15 40 + x
40 – 50 y 40 + x + y
50 – 60 5 45 + x + y
 ynª, {æÞMÚk M = 28.5 yLku fw÷ ykð]r¥k n = 60 Au.

∴ {æÞMÚk ðøko = 20 – 30
l = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke yÄ:Mke{k = 20
n = fw÷ ykð]r¥k = 60
cf = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke ykøk¤Lkk ðøkoLke Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k = 5 + x
n−
M = l + f 2 cf p × h
f
60 − +
∴ 28.5 = 20 + f 2 p × 10(5 x)
20
(30 − 5 − x) # 10
∴ 28.5 – 20 =
20
8.5 # 20
∴ = 25 – x
10
∴ 17 = 25 – x
∴ x = 25 – 17
∴ x = 8
120
∑fi = n = 60
nðu,
∴ 45 + x + y = 60
∴ 45 + 8 + y = 60
∴ 53 + y = 60
∴ y = 60 – 53
∴ y = 7
yk{, x = 8 yLku y = 7 Au.
rð¼køk-D
35. Äkhku fu, xeLkkLke nk÷Lke ô{h x ð»ko y™u íkuLke Ãkwºke ÄhkLke nk÷Lke ô{h y ð»ko Au.
xeLkk y™u ÄhkLke nk÷Lke ô{hLkku økwýku¥kh 8:3 Au.
x 8
∴ y =
3
∴ 3x = 8y
8y
∴ x = ..............(1)
3
Ãkkt[ ð»ko ÃkAe xeLkkLke ô{h (x + 5) ð»ko yLku Ãkwºke ÄhkLke ô{h (y + 5) ð»ko Úkþu.
Ãkkt[ ð»ko ÃkAe xeLkk y™u ÄhkLke ô{hLkku økwýku¥kh 9 : 4 Au.
x+5 = 9
∴
y+5 4
∴ 4x + 20 = 9y + 45
∴ 4x – 9y = 25 ..............(2)
Mk{efhý (2) {kt Mk{efhý (1) Lke ®f{ík {qfíkkt,
4x – 9y = 25
∴ 4 d n – 9y = 25
8y

3
∴ 32y – 27y = 75
∴ 5y = 75
∴ y = 15
8y
x = 3
8 # 15
∴ x =
3
∴ x = 40
yk{, xeLkk y™u Ãkwºke ÄhkLke nk÷Lke ô{h yLkw¢{u 40 ð»ko yLku 15 ð»ko Au.
36. A
2a 2a
B D C
2a
121
 Mk{çkksw rºkfkuý ABC {kt AB = BC = CA = 2a

Äkhku fu, ∆ ABC Lkku yuf ðuÄ AD Au.
\ ∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90°
∆ ADB yLku ∆ ADC {kt,
\ ∠ADB = ∠ADC, AB = AC, AD = AD
\ ∆ ADB ≅ ∆ ADC (yufYÃkíkkLke fkfçkk þhík)
\ BD = DC
Ãkhtíkw B–D–C nkuðkÚke, BD + DC = BC
1 1
\ BD = DC = BC = × 2a = a
2 2
∆ ADB {kt ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ {wsçk,
AD2 + BD2 = AB2
\ AD2 + a2 = (2a)2
\ AD2 + a2 = 4a2
\ AD2 = 4a2 – a2
\ AD2 = 3a2
\ AD = 3a
Mk{çkksw rºkfkuý{kt Ëhuf ðuÄ Mk{kLk nkuÞ Au. yk{, Ëhuf ðuÄ 3 a Au.
yÚkðk
36. ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ : fkxfkuý rºkfkuý{kt, fýoLkku ðøko çkkfeLke çku çkkswykuLkk ðøkkuoLkk Mkhðk¤k sux÷ku nkuÞ Au.
Ãkûk : ∆ ABC{kt ∠B fkx¾qýku Au.
MkkæÞ : AC2 = AB2 + BC2
B
A D C
Mkkrçkíke : BD ⊥ AC Ëkuhku.
nðu, ∆ ADB ~ ∆ ABC («{uÞ 6.7)
AD = AB
AB AC
∴ AB2 = AD × AC ........... (1)
yk s heíku, ∆ BDC ~ ∆ ABC («{uÞ 6.7)
CD = BC
BC AC
∴ BC2 = CD × AC ............... (2)
Ãkrhýk{ (1) yLku Ãkrhýk{ (2) Lkku Mkhðk¤ku ÷uíkkt,
AB2 + BC2 = (AD × AC) + (CD × AC)
∴ AB2 + BC2 = AC × (AD + CD)
∴ AB2 + BC2 = AC × AC ( A–D–C)
∴ AB2 + BC2 = AC2
122
37. C
A 60°
45° M xkðh
R{khík
7 {e
B D
 ynª, AB yu R{khík, CD yu xkðh yLku BD yu R{khík yLku xkðh ðå[uLkwt ytíkh Au.
Äkhku fu, AM ⊥ CD Au.
íkuÚke, AB = MD = 7 {e. ∠CAM = 60°, ∠MAD = 45°
yLku ∠AMC = ∠AMD = 90° Au.
∆ AMD {kt ∠AMD = 90° Au.
MD
∴ tan 45° =
AM
7
∴ 1 =
AM
∴ AM = 7 {exh
∆ AMC {kt ∠AMC = 90° Au.
CM
∴ tan 60° =
AM
CM
∴ 3 =
7
∴ CM = 7 3 {exh
xkðhLke Ÿ[kE CD = CM + MD
∴ CD = 7 3 + 7 ( MD = AB = 7 {e)
∴ CD = 7( 3 + 1) {exh
ykÚke, xkðhLke Ÿ[kE 7( 3 + 1) {exh Au.
38.
D A
C
O P
M
X
Y B
(1) çktøkzeLke {ËËÚke yuf ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhe íkuLke çknkh ®çkËw P ÷ku. ðíkwo¤{kt Mk{ktíkh Lk nkuÞ íkuðe çku Sðkyku CD
yLku XY Ëkuhku.
(2) CD yLku XY Lkk ÷tçkrî¼ksf Ëkuhku, su ÃkhMÃkh O ®çkËw{kt AuËu. suÚke O yu ðíkwo¤Lkwt fuLÿ ÚkkÞ.
123
(4) M fuLÿ yLku MO yÚkðk MP rºkßÞkðk¤wt ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku, su O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lku A yLku B ®çkËw{kt AuËu.
(5) PA yLku PB Ëkuhku.
(6) yk{, PA yLku PB yu çktøkzeLke {ËËÚke Ëkuhu÷ ðíkwo¤Lku ®çkËw P {ktÚke Ëkuhu÷k MÃkþofku Au.
yÚkðk
38. X
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A C 7.6 ‚u{e. B
(1) 7.6 Mku{e. ÷tçkkELkku hu¾k¾tz AB h[e íkuLke MkkÚku ÷½wfkuý çkLkkðu íkuðwt rfhý AX h[ku.
(2) AX Ãkh AA1 = A1A2 = A2A3 = ...... = A12A13 ÚkkÞ íkuðkt 13 (5 + 8) ®çkËwyku A1, A2, A3, ...., A13
ytrfík fhku.
(3) A13B òuzku.
(4) ®çkËw A5 {ktÚke A13BLku Mk{ktíkh nkuÞ, íkuðe hu¾k Ëkuhku, su AB Lku C ®çkËw{kt AuËu.
(5) yk heíku {¤íkwt ®çkËw C yu AB Lkwt AC : CB = 5 : 8 økwýku¥kh{kt rð¼ksLk fhíkwt ®çkËw Au. su{kt AC =
2.9 Mku{e. yLku CB = 4.7 Mku{e. {¤u Au.
39. ynª, Lk¤kfkh yLku yÄoøkku÷f çktLkuLke rºkßÞk r = 3.5 Mku{e. íkÚkk Lk¤kfkhLke Ÿ[kE h = 10 Mku{e. Au.
þku-ÃkeMkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤
= Lk¤kfkhLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤ + 2 × yÄoøkku÷fLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 2πrh + 2 × 2πr2
= 2πr(h + 2r)
= 2 × 22
7
× 3.5 × [10 + (2 × 3.5)]
= 2 × 22
7
× 3.5 × 17
= 44 × 0.5 × 17 = 374 Mku{e.2

yk{, þku-ÃkeMkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤ 374 Mku{e.2 Au.
124

rð¼køk-A
1. ¾hwt 9. (D) ®ƒËw (a, b){kt AuËŒe
2. ¾kuxwt 10. (B) 0
 «Úk{ n Þwø{ «kf]ríkf MktÏÞkyku → 2, 4, 6, ......  sin(45° + θ) – cos(45° – θ)

= cos[90° – (45° + θ)] – cos(45° – θ)
a = 2, d = 4 – 2 = 2
= cos(90° – 45°– θ) – cos(45° – θ)
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] = cos(45° – θ)) – cos(45° – θ)
2
n =0
= [2(2) + (n – 1)2]
2
11. (B) 8 : 1
= n(2 + n – 1)
= n(n + 1)  Äkhku fu, {q¤ økku¤kLke rºkßÞk = r Au.
= n2 + n íkuÚke, Lkðk økku¤kLke rºkßÞk = R = 2r nkuÞ.
4
]2r g3
3
3. ¾hwt Lkðk økku¤kLkwt ½LkV¤ πR
3 =
∴ =
{q¤ økku¤kLkwt ½LkV¤ 4 3 r3
4. ¾hwt πr
3
5. 3(x + y) ð»ko 8r3 = 8
=
r3 1
 y{h, yfçkh, yuLÚkkuLkeLke Mkhuhkþ ô{h x ð»ko Au.
12. (A)
11
∴ ºkýuÞLke ô{hLkku Mkhðk¤ku = 3x ð»ko 13
44 = 11
∴ ºkýuÞLke y ð»ko ÃkAeLke ô{hLkku Mkhðk¤ku  Mkt¼kðLkk = 52 13
= 3x + 3y = 3(x + y) ð»ko 82
13.
9
6. 3 14. 15°
 fkuE …ý ®ƒËw™wt x-yûkÚke ÷tƒytŒh Œu™k y-Þk{ 15. a = –1
sux÷wt ÚkkÞ. 6
16.
7
7. 2  P(A) + P( A ) = 1
1 –1 6
7=
8. þqLÞ ∴ P( A ) = 1 – P(A) = 1 –=
7 7 7
rð¼køk-B
17. 2 336 2 54
2 168 3 27
2 84 3 9
2 42 3 3
3 21 1
7 7
1
336 = 24 × 3 × 7
54 = 2 × 33
økw.Mkk.y. (336, 54) = 2 × 3 = 6
\
∴ ÷.Mkk.y. (336, 54) = 24 × 33 × 7 = 3024
økw.Mkk.y. (336, 54) × ÷.Mkk.y. (336, 54) = 6 × 3024 = 18144
∴ økw.Mkk.y. (336, 54) × ÷.Mkk.y. (336, 54) = 336 × 54
125
18.
ynª MkkurLkÞk yLku hrð fux÷e r{rLkxu «kht¼®çkËw Ãkh ¼uøkk ÚkkÞ íku {kxu 18 yLku 12Lkku ÷.Mkk.y.
þkuÄðku Ãkzu.
18 = 2 × 32
12 = 22 × 3
÷.Mkk.y. (18, 12) = 22 × 32 = 36
∴
yk{, 36 r{rLkx çkkË MkkurLkÞk yLku hrð çktLku Vhe «kht¼ ®çkËw Ãkh ¼uøkk ÚkkÞ.
19. P(x) = 5x + 7 = 0
∴ 5x = –7
7
∴ x = –
5
yk{, 57 yu Mkwhu¾ çknwÃkËe P(x) = 5x + 7 Lkwt þqLÞ LkÚke.
20. s – t = 3 _____(1)
\ s = t + 3 _____(2)
s + t
= 6
3 2
\ 2s + 3t = 36 _____(3)
2s + 3t = 36
\ 2(t + 3) + 3t = 36
\ 2t + 6 + 3t = 36
\ 2t + 3t = 36 – 6
\ 5t = 30
\ t = 6
Mk{efhý (2) {kt t = 6 {qfíkkt,
s = t + 3
\ s = 6 + 3
\ s = 9
yk{, Mk{efhýÞwø{Lkku Wfu÷ : s = 9 yLku t = 6
yÚkðk
20. 3x + 4y = 10 ______(1)
2x – 2y = 2 ______(2)
Mk{efhý (1) Lku 1 ðzu y™u Mk{efhý (2) Lku 2 ðzu økwýe Mkhðk¤ku fhíkkt,
3x + 4y = 10
+ 4x – 4y = 4
\ 7x = 14
\ x = 2
3x + 4y = 10
\ 3(2) + 4y = 10
\ 6 + 4y = 10
\ 4y = 4
\ y = 1
21. ∴ a = 2, b = –3, c = 5
b2 – 4ac = (–3)2 – 4(2)(5) = 9 – 40 = –31
ynª b2 – 4ac < 0 nkuðkÚke ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLkkt ðkMíkrðf çkes Lk {¤u.
126
yÚkðk
21. ∴ x2 + 1 = 3x
∴ x2 – 3x + 1 = 0
a = 1, b = –3, c = 1
∴ b2 – 4ac = (–3)2 – 4(1) (1) = 9 – 4 = 5 > 0
ykÚke, ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLku çku r¼LLk y™u ðkMíkrðf çkes {¤u.
− b ! b2 − 4ac
∴ x =
2a
− (− 3) ! 5
∴ x =
2#1
3! 5
∴ x =
2
3+ 5 3− 5
ykÚke, ykÃku÷ Mk{efhýLkkt çkes 2
y™u 2
Au.
22. A
çkkhe
rLkMkhýe
Ëeðk÷ 10 {e.
8 {e.
B C
 ynª, AC = rLkMkhýe = 10 {e., AB = Ëeðk÷ = 8 {e. y™u BC yu rLkMkhýeLkk Lke[uLkk AuzkLkwt Ëeðk÷Lkk
íkr¤ÞuÚke ytíkh Au.
∆ ABC {kt, ∠B fkx¾qýku Au.
∴ AB2 + BC2 = AC2
∴ (8)2 + BC2 = (10)2
∴ 64 + BC2 = 100
∴ BC2 = 100 – 64
∴ BC2 = 36
∴ BC = 6 {exh
yk{, rLkMkhýeLkk Lke[uLkk AuzkLkwt Ëeðk÷Lkk íkr¤ÞuÚke ytíkh 6 {e. Au.
23. ∆ ABC {kt, A + B + C = 180°
∴ B + C = 180° – A
B + C = 180° A
∴ –
2 2 2
B + C = A
∴ 90° –
2 2
∴ sin c m = sin c 90° –

+ C
m
B A

2 2
∴ sin c m = cos A
B + C

2 2
yÚkðk
8
23. tan2 θ =
7
2 7
∴ cot θ =
8
127
^1 + sin θh ]1 – sin θg 1 – sin θ

2
]1 – cos θg ^1 + cos θh
nðu, = 2
1 – cos θ
cos 2 θ
=
sin2 θ
= cot2 θ
7
=
8
2 2 2 2
tan 60c + 4 sin 45c + 3 sec 30c + 5 cos 90c
24.
cosec 30c + sec 60c – cot2 30c
1 2 2 2
( 3 ) + 4e o + 3e o + 5 (0) 2
2
2 3
=
2 + 2 − ( 3)2
4 #1 + 3 # 4 +
3+ 0
2 3
=
2+2−3
3+2+4+0
=
4−3
9
= = 9
1
25. C
1
C
2
O
25 7
M
A B
 O fuLÿðk¤kt çku Mk{fuLÿeÞ ðíkwo¤ku C1 yLku C2 Au.

C1 Lke rºkßÞk r1 = OA = 25 Mku{e. yLku
C2 Lke rºkßÞk r2 = OM = 7 Mku{e. Au.
C1 Lke Sðk AB yu C2 Lku M ®çkËw{kt MÃkþuo Au.
∆ OMA {kt, ∠M = 90° Au.
∴ AM = OA 2 – OM 2
= r 12 – r 22
= ]25g2 – ]7g2
= 625 – 49
= 576
∴ AM = 24
Ãkhtíkw, AB = 2 AM
∴ AB = 2 × 24
∴ AB = 48
yk{, SðkLke ÷tçkkE 48 Mku{e. Au.
yÚkðk
128
25. A
r
O 17
P
r 8
B
 ynª, OB ⊥ PB
nkuðkÚke ∠OBP = 90°
∆ OBP {kt ∠OBP = 90° Au.
∴ OB2 + PB2 = OP2 (ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ)
∴ r2 + (8)2 = (17)2
∴ r2 + 64 = 289
∴ r2 = 289 – 64
∴ r2 = 225
∴ r = 15
 = ðøkoLke ðøko÷tçkkE = 100
f1 − f0
çknw÷f Z = l + f p × 
2f1 − f0 − f2
∴ Z = 200 + d n × 100
27 − 18

2 (27) − 18 − 20
9 # 100
∴ Z = 200 +
16
∴ Z = 200 + 56.25
∴ Z = 256.25
yk{, ËhhkusLkku LkVku ` 256.25 Au.
rð¼køk-C
27. Äkhku fu, {kt„u÷ rî½kŒ ƒnw…Ëe ax2 + bx + c ™kt þqLÞku α y™u b Au.
b 3 1 = c
∴ α + b = 3 = = − a ŒÚkk ab = a
3 3
a = 3 , b = – 3, c = 1
ykÚke yk…u÷ þhŒ™u y™wY… yuf rî½kŒ ƒnw…Ëe 3 x2 – 3x + 1 Au. þqLÞuŒh ðkMŒrðf ‚tÏÞk k {kxu,
k( 3 x2 – 3x + 1) MðY…™e fkuE …ý ƒeS rî½kŒ ƒnw…Ëe yk þhŒ™u y™wY… ÷E þfkÞ.
28. Äkhku fu, LkkLke MktÏÞk x Au.

Ãknu÷e þhík {wsçk, {kuxe MktÏÞk + LkkLke MktÏÞk = 27
\ {kuxe MktÏÞk + x = 27
\ {kuxe MktÏÞk = 27 – x
çkeS þhík {wsçk, {kuxe MktÏÞk × LkkLke MktÏÞk = 182
\ (27 – x) × x = 182
\ 27x – x2 = 182
\ x2 – 27x + 182 = 0
129
\ x2 – 13x – 14x + 182 = 0
\ x(x – 13) – 14 (x – 13) = 0
\ (x – 13) (x – 14) = 0
\ x – 13 = 0 yÚkðk x – 14 = 0
\ x = 13
yÚkðk x = 14
Ãkhtíkw x = 14 yu x = 13 fhíkkt {kuxe MktÏÞk nkuðkÚke þõÞ LkÚke.
\ x = 13
yk{, LkkLke MktÏÞk = x = 13 y™u
{kuxe MktÏÞk = 27 – x = 27 – 13 = 14 Au.
ykÚke, {ktøku÷e MktÏÞkyku 13 y™u 14 Au.
29. d = 5, S9 = 75, a = ____, a9 = ____
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
2
9
\ S9 = [2a + (9 – 1) 5]
2
2
\ 75 × = 2a + 40
9
50
\ – 40 = 2a
3
− 70
\ 2a =
3
− 70
\ a =
2#3
35
\ a = −
3
an = a + (n – 1) d
35
∴ a9 = − + (9 – 1) 5
3
35
∴ a9 = − + 40
3
85
∴ a9 =
3
yÚkðk
29.
Äkhku fu, çku Mk{ktíkh ©uýeykuLkk «Úk{ ÃkË yLkw¢{u a1 yLku a2 (a1 > a2) Au yLku íku{Lkku Mk{kLk Mkk{kLÞ
íkVkðík d Au.
Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt n {w ÃkË an = a + (n – 1) d
íkuÚke, «Úk{ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt 100 {w ÃkË
a100 = a1 + 99d yLku
çkeS Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt 100 {w ÃkË a100 = a2 + 99d
íku{Lkk 100 {k ÃkËLkku íkVkðík 100 Au.
∴ (a1 + 99d) – (a2 + 99d) = 100 (∴ a1 > a2)
∴ a1 – a2 = 100 .....................(1)
nðu, «Úk{ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt 1000 {w ÃkË
a1000 = a1 + 999d yLku
çkeS Mk{ktíkh ©uýeLkwt 1000 {w ÃkË a1000 = a2 + 999d
130
ykÚke íku{Lkk 1000 {k ÃkËLkku íkVkðík

= (a1 + 999d) – (a2 + 999d)
= a1 – a2
= 100..........
(1 {wsçk)
yk{, ykÃku÷ Mk{ktíkh ©uýeykuLkk 1000 {k ÃkËLkku íkVkðík 100 Au.
30. Äkhku fu, P yLku Q yu AB Lku rºk¼køkíkkt ®çkËwyku Au.
∴ AP = PQ = QB
ynª, P yu AB Lkwt 1:2 økwýku¥kh{kt ytík:rð¼ksLk fhu Au.
1 ]–7g + 2 ]2g 1 ]4g + 2 ]–2g = −
∴ P Lkk Þk{ = c , m ^ 1, 0h
1+ 2 1+ 2
íku s heíku, Q yu AB Lkwt 2:1 økwýku¥kh{kt ytík:rð¼ksLk fhu Au.
2 ]–7g + 1 ]2g 2 ]4g + 1 ]–2g = −
Lkk Þk{ = c
∴Q , m ^ 4, 2 h
2 +1 2 +1
ykÚke, A y™u B Lku òuzíkk hu¾k¾tzLkk rºk¼køk ®çkËwykuLkk Þk{ (–1, 0) yLku (–4, 2) ÚkkÞ.
31.
Ãkûk : O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lke çknkhLkk ¼køk{kt ykðu÷kt ®çkËw P {ktÚke ðíkwo¤Lku Ëkuhu÷k MÃkþofku PQ yLku PR
Au.
MkkæÞ : PQ = PR
ykf]rík : Q
P O
R
Mkkrçkíke : OP, OQ yLku QR òuzku. ∠OQP yLku ∠ORP fkx¾qýk Au, fkhý fu, íku MÃkþofku yLku Mktøkík
rºkßÞk ðå[uLkk ¾qýk Au, yLku «{uÞ 10.1 Lkk ykÄkhu íkuyku fkx¾qýk Au.
nðu fkxfkuý rºkfkuýku OQP yLku ORP {kt,
OQ = OR (yuf ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞkyku)
OP = OP (Mkk{kLÞ çkksw)
∠OQP = ∠ORP (fkx¾qýk)
íkuÚke, ∆ OQP ≅ ∆ ORP (fkfçkk)
ykÚke, PQ = PR (yufYÃk rºkfkuýkuLke yLkwYÃk çkkswyku)
32. ynª, O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞk
R = OA = OB = OC = OD = 7 Mku{e. Au.
O fuLÿðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lkk çku ÔÞkMk AB yLku CD
ÃkhMÃkh O ®çkËwyu ÷tçk Au.
∴ θ = ∠AOC = ∠BOC = 90°
OD ÔÞkMkðk¤k LkkLkk ðíkwo¤Lke rºkßÞk
OD = 7
r = 2 2
Mku{e.
íkuÚke, LkkLkk ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ = πr2
22 7 7
= # #
7 2 2
= 38.5 Mku{e.2
131
nðu, ÷½wð]¥k¾tzLkwt ûkuºkV¤

= ÷½wð]¥kktþLkwt ûkuºkV¤ – fkxfkuý ∆ AOCLkwt ûkuºkV¤
πR2 θ 1
= – × OA × OC
360 2
22 # 7 # 7 # 90° 1
= – × 7 × 7
7 # 360 2
= 38.5 – 24.5
Mku{e.2
= 14
∴ htøkeLk «ËuþLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = LkkLkk ðíkwo¤Lkwt ûkuºkV¤ + 2 × ÷½wð]¥k¾tzLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 38.5 + (2 × 14)
= 38.5 + 28 = 66.5 Mku{e.2
33. Ãkrhr{rík (Ãkrh½) = C2 = 6 Mku{e.
l = 4 Mku{e.
Ãkrhr{rík (Ãkrh½) = C1 = 18 Mku{e.

 ykÃku÷ þtfwLkk ykzAuË {kxu,
ríkÞof Ÿ[kE = l = 4 Mku{e.
{kuxk ðíkwo¤kfkh AuzkLke Ãkrhr{rík = c1 = 18 Mku{e.
LkkLkk ðíkwo¤kfkh AuzkLke Ãkrhr{rík = c2 = 6 Mku{e.
þtfwLkk ykzAuËLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = πl (r1 + r2)
l
= (2πr1 + 2πr2)
2
l
= (c + c2)
2 1
4
= (18 + 6)
2
= 2 × 24
= 48 Mku{e.2
yÚkðk
33. Lk¤kfkh yÄoøkku¤kfkh
h = 1.45 {exh = 145 Mku{e. r = 30 Mku{e.
r = 30 Mku{e.
Ãkûkeyku {kxu Ãkkýe ÃkeðkLkk ÃkkºkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]cV¤
= Lk¤kfkhLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤ + yÄoøkku¤kfkhLke ð¢MkÃkkxeLkwt ûkuºkV¤
= 2πrh + 2πr2
= 2πr (h + r)
22
= 2 × × 30 × (145 + 30)
7
22
= 2 × × 30 × 175
7
= 33000 Mku{e.2
yk{, ykÃku÷ ÃkkºkLkwt fw÷ Ãk]»XV¤ 33000 Mku{e.2 = 3.3 {e2 Au.
132
34. ynª, ðøko ÷tçkkE Mk{kLk LkÚke. íkuÚke a = 17 yLku h = 10 ÷ELku ÃkË-rð[÷LkLke heíkLkku WÃkÞkuøk fheþwt.
økuhnksh rËðMkkuLke rðãkÚkeoykuLke
MktÏÞk (ðøko) MktÏÞk (fi) xi ui fiui
0 – 6 11 3 – 1.4 – 15.4
6 – 10 10 8 – 0.9 – 9.0
10 – 14 7 12 – 0.5 – 3.5
14 – 20 4 17 = a 0 0
20 – 28 4 24 0.7 2.8
28 – 38 3 33 1.6 4.8
38 – 40 1 39 2.2 2.2
fw÷ 40 – – – 18.1
/fi ui
nðu, x = a + × h
/fi
− 18.1 # 10
∴ x = 17 +
40
∴ x = 17 – 4.525 = 12.475
∴ x = 12.48 (ykþhu)
yk{, rðãkÚkeoykuLke økuhnksh rËðMkkuLke MktÏÞkLkku {æÞf 12.48 rËðMk Au.
yÚkðk
34.
{krMkf ðÃkhkþ økúknfkuLke Mkt[Þe
(yuf{{kt) MktÏÞk xi ui fiui ykð]r¥k
(ðøko) (fi) cf
65 – 85 4 75 –3 – 12 4
85 – 105 5 95 –2 – 10 9
105 – 125 13 115 –1 – 13 22
125 – 145 20 135 = a 0 0 42
145 – 165 14 155 1 14 56
165 – 185 8 175 2 16 64
185 – 205 4 195 3 12 68
fw÷ 68 – – 7 –
 {æÞMÚk :
ynª, n = 68
n = 68
\ = 34
2 2
34 Úke íkhík {kuxe Mkt[Þe ykð]r¥k 42 yu yð÷kufLk ðøko 125 – 145 {kt Mk{kÞu÷ nkuðkÚke {æÞMÚk ðøko
125 – 145 Au.
∴ l = {æÞMÚk ðøkoLke yÄ:Mke{k = 125
133
n
−
f
∴ M = 125 + c 34 22 m × 20
−
20
∴ M = 125 + 12
∴ M = 137 yuf{
rð¼køk-D
35. Äkhku fu, yÃkqýkOfLkku ytþ x yLku AuË y Au.
\ yÃkqýkOf = yx
+
Ãknu÷e þhík {wsçk, xy + 22 = 11
9

\ 11x + 22 = 9y + 18
\ 11x = 9y + 18 – 22
\ 11x = 9y – 4
9y – 4
\ x = .............(1)
11
+
çkeS þhík {wsçk, xy + 33 = 65
\ 6x + 18 = 5y + 15
\ 6x – 5y = 15 – 18
\ 6x – 5y = –3 ............(2)

6x – 5y = –3
\ 6 d n – 5y = –3
9y – 4

11
\ 54y – 24 – 55y = –33
\ 54y – 55y = – 33 + 24
\ – y = –9
\ y = 9

9y – 4
x = 11
9 ]9 g – 4
\ x =
11
81 – 4
\ x =
11
77
\ x =
11
\ x = 7
x 7
\ yÃkqýkOf = y =
9
134
36. B
A C
 ynª, A rð{kLk{Úkf Au. B yu 1000 rf{e./f÷kfLke ÍzÃku W¥kh rËþk{kt Qzíkk yuf rð{kLkLkwt 1 12 f÷kf
ÃkAeLkwt MÚkkLk íkÚkk C yu 1200 rf{e./f÷kfLke ÍzÃku Ãkrù{ rËþk{kt Qzíkk çkeòt rð{kLkLkwt 1 12 f÷kf
ÃkAeLkwt MÚkkLk Au.
nðu, AB = yuf rð{kLku 1 12 f÷kf{kt fkÃku÷ ytíkh = ÍzÃk × Mk{Þ
3
= 1000 ×
2
= 1500 rf{e.
íku s heíku, AC = çkeò rð{kLku 1 12 f÷kf{kt fkÃku÷ ytíkh = ÍzÃk × Mk{Þ
3
= 1200 ×
2
= 1800 rf{e.
∠BAC yu W¥kh yLku Ãkrù{ rËþk ðå[uLkku ¾qýku nkuðkÚke ∠BAC = 90°
nðu, ∆ BAC {kt ∠A = 90° nkuðkÚke ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ {wsçk,
BC2 = AB2 + AC2
∴ BC2 = (1500)2 + (1800)2
∴ BC2 = 2250000 + 3240000
∴ BC2 = 5490000
∴ BC2 = 5490000
∴ BC2 = 9 # 61 # 10000
∴ BC = 3 × 100 × 61
∴ BC = 300 61 rf{e
yk{, 1 12 f÷kf ÃkAe yk rð{kLkku yufçkeòÚke 300 61 rf{e. Ëqh nþu.
yÚkðk
36. S R
P Q
 [íkw»fkuý PQRS Mk{çkksw [íkw»fkuý Au.
∴ PQ = QR = RS = SP
Äkhku fu, íkuLkk rðfýkuo PR yLku QS yufçkeòLku M {kt AuËu Au.
1 1
∴ MP = MR = PR yLku MQ = MS = QS
2 2
135
∠PMQ = ∠QMR = ∠RMS = ∠SMP = 90°
∆ PMQ {kt, ∠PMQ = 90° Au.
∴ PQ2 = MP2 + MQ2 (ÃkkÞÚkkøkkuhMk «{uÞ)
∴ PQ2 = c PR m + c QS m
2 2
1 1

2 2
1 1
∴ PQ2 = PR2 + QS2
4 4
∴ 4PQ2 = PR2 + QS2
∴ PQ2 + PQ2 + PQ2 + PQ2 = PR2 + QS2
∴ PQ2 + QR2 + RS2 + SP2 = PR2 + QS2
yk{, Mk{çkksw [íkw»fkuý PQRS Lke çkkswyku PQ, QR, RS yLku SP Lkk ðøkkuoLkku Mkhðk¤ku íkuLkk rðfýkuo PR
yLku QS Lkk ðøkkuoLkk Mkhðk¤k sux÷ku ÚkkÞ Au.
37. A
xkðh
90 – θ
θ
B C D
4 {e.
9 {e.
 ynª, AB xkðh Au. C yLku D ®çkËwyku xkðhLkk íkr¤ÞkÚke yLkw¢{u 4 {e. Ëqh yLku 9 {e. Ëqh ykðu÷kt
rLkheûký ®çkËwyku Au.
∠ABC = ∠ABD = 90°, BC = 4 {e, BD = 9 {e
Äkhku fu, ∠ACB = θ Au.
íkuÚke íkuLkku fkurxfkuý ∠ADB = 90 – θ ÚkkÞ.
∆ ABC {kt ∠ABC = 90° Au.
∴ tan θ = AB
BC
∴ tan θ = AB
4
..................(1)
∆ ABD {kt ∠ABD = 90° Au.

∴ tan (90 – θ) = AB
BD
∴ cot θ = AB
9
..................(2)
(1) yLku (2) Lkku økwýkfkh fhíkkt,

∴ tan θ · cot θ = AB
4
#
AB
9
AB2
∴ 1 =
36
∴ AB2 = 36
∴ AB = 6 (xkðhLke Ÿ[kE Éý Lk nkuÞ)
yk{, Mkkrçkík ÚkkÞ Au, fu xkðhLke Ÿ[kE 6 {exh Au.
136
R
38. P
A B
8 Mku{e. M
Q
S
(1) 8 Mku{e. ÷tçkkELkku hu¾k¾tz AB Ëkuhku. 4 Mku{e. rºkßÞkðk¤wt A furLÿík ðíkwo¤ y™u 3 Mku{e. rºkßÞkðk¤wt B furLÿík ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku.
(2) AB Lkku ÷tçkrÿ¼ksf h[eLku íkuLkwt {æÞ®çkËw M {u¤ðku.
(3) MA yÚkðk MB rºksÞkðk¤wt M furLÿík ðíkwo¤ Ëkuhku, su A furLÿík ðíkwo¤Lku R íkÚkk S y™u B furLÿík
ðíkwo¤Lku P íkÚkk Q {kt AuËu.
(4) AP íkÚkk AQ y™u BR íkÚkk BS òuzku.
(5) ykÚke AP íkÚkk AQ yu ®çkËw A {ktÚke B furLÿík ðíkwo¤Lkk yLku BR íkÚkk BS yu ®çkËw B {ktÚke A furLÿík ðíkwo¤Lkk
MÃkþofku Au.
yÚkðk
A
38. A' 7
Mku{
e.
4 Mku{e.
B C
5 Mku{e. C'
B1
B2
B3
X
(1) AB = 4 Mku{e., BC = 5 Mku{e. yLku AC = 7 Mku{e. nkuÞ íkuðku ∆ ABC h[ku.
(2) BC Lkk su yÄoík÷{kt ®çkËw A Au íkuLkkÚke rðhwØ yÄoík÷{kt rfhý BX Ëkuhku, suÚke ∠CBX ÷½wfkuý ÚkkÞ.
(3) BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 ÚkkÞ íkuðkt ºký ®çkËwyku B1, B2 yLku B3 Lku BX Ãkh ytrfík fhku.
(4) B3C òuzku.
(5) ∠BB3C = ∠BB2C' h[eLku B2 {ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku B3C Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su BC Lku C' {kt AuËu.
(6) ∠BCA = ∠BC'A' h[eLku C' {ktÚke ÃkMkkh Úkíke yLku AC Lku Mk{ktíkh hu¾k Ëkuhku, su BA Lku A' {kt AuËu.
(7) yk{, ∆ A'BC' {køÞk {wsçkLkku rºkfkuý Au, suLke çkkswyku ∆ ABC Lke yLkwYÃk çkkswykuLku 2 : 3 Lkk «{ký{kt Au.
137
39. Lk¤kfkh xktfe {kxu, ÔÞkMk = 10 {e

10
∴r= = 5 {e yLku h = 2 {e
2
∴ Lk¤kfkh xktfe ¼hðk {kxu sYhe ÃkkýeLkwt ½LkV¤ = πr2h
= π × 5 × 5 × 2
= 50π {e3
ÃkkEÃk{ktÚke yuf f÷kf{kt ðnuíkkt Ãkkýe {kxu,
ÔÞkMk = 20 Mku{e.
20
∴ r1 = 2 = 10 Mku{e. = 0.1 {e yLku
h1 = «ríkf÷kf ÍzÃk = 3 rf{e. = 3000 {e
∴ ÃkkEÃk îkhk yuf f÷kf{kt xktfe{kt Ãkzíkkt ÃkkýeLkwt ½LkV¤ = Lk¤kfkhLkwt ½LkV¤
= πr12h1
= π × 0.1 × 0.1 × 3000
= 30 π {e3
nðu, 30 π {e3 Ãkkýe ¼hkíkkt ÷køkíkku Mk{Þ = 1 f÷kf
50π
∴ 50 π {e3 Ãkkýe ¼hkíkkt ÷køkíkku Mk{Þ = 30π f÷kf
5
= f÷kf
3
5
= × 60 r{rLkx
3
= 100 r{rLkx
yk{, xktfe 100 r{rLkx{kt ÃkkýeÚke Ãkqýo heíku ¼hkE sþu.
138

Uâõxmk Ãkuãkh LKK Sðkçkku: A - 2 0 X A B B Ac 2 4

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Uâõxmk Ãkuãkh LKK Sðkçkku: A - 2 0 X A B B Ac 2 4

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r÷çkxeo ÃkuÃkhMkux - 2023 • Äkuhý 10 : økrýík (MxkLzzo)

«uÂõxMk ÃkuÃkh 1 Lkk sðkçkku

∴ çknw÷f – {æÞf = 3 × {æÞMÚk – 3 × {æÞf r1 4

5 WÃkhktík yðÞð 31 Ãký nkuðkÚke Mkk[ku W¥kh ∴ = = 12 = 16 = 16 : 9

Mk{efhý (3){kt a = 12 {qfíkkt, 2a + 3b = 2

^sec2 27° – tan 2 27°h + ^sin2 52° + cos 2 52°h

 O fuLÿðk¤kt çku Mk{fuLÿeÞ ðíkwo¤ku C1 yLku C2 Au.

Äkhku fu, 1y = a yLku 1x = b Au.

∴ ∆ ABDLkwt ûkuºkV¤ = 12 |1(0 – 3) + 7(3 – 0) + 2(0 – 0)|

33. [kuhMk PQRSLke çkkswLke ÷tçkkE = 4 Mku{e

íkuÚke 1 Mku{e rºkßÞkðk¤k ðíkwo¤Lkk [kh [íkwÚkkOþ ¼køkLkwt fw÷ ûkuºkV¤ = 4 × 22 28

ykÚke, [kuhMkLkk çkkfeLkk ¼køkLkwt ûkuºkV¤ 68 7

Ãkhtíkw Mk{Þ Éý c x = – 5 m þõÞ LkÚke.

ynª, A yLku B yu çk÷qLkLkk çku MÚkkLk Au.

39. Ãkûk : ∆ MNO{kt, ∠O = 90° Au.

 AM ⊥ BC Ëkuhku, suÚke M yu BCLkwt {æÞ®çkËw ÚkkÞ.

«uÂõxMk ÃkuÃkh 2 Lkk sðkçkku

2. ¾kuxwt  17x + 23y = 40

 8x + 5ky = 18  A + B = 90° íkuÚke B = 90° – A

 ytíkh = (2 − 4) 2 + (3 − 1) 2 = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2 2 13. y÷-ÏðkrhÍ{e

þqLÞkuLkku Mkhðk¤ku (–2) + (–5) = –7 = – 17 = – ba

l = 2x = 2 × 4 = 8 Mku{e., b = x = 4 Mku{e. yLku

520 – 540 14 530 = a 0 0

Äkhku fu, 1y = a yLku 1x = b Au.

Mkkrçkíke : BE yLku CD òuzku yLku DM ⊥ AC íkÚkk EN ⊥ AB Ëkuhku.

«uÂõxMk ÃkuÃkh 3 Lkk sðkçkku

2. ¾hwt  rºkßÞk r = 3 ‚u{e

ykÚke, ykÃku÷ Mkwhu¾ Mk{efhýÞwø{Úke çkLkíke hu¾kyku MktÃkkíke Au.

 OB ⊥ PB nkuðkÚke, ∠OBP = 90°

 ∆ OAP {kt, ∠A = 90° («{uÞ 10.1)

f0 = çknw÷f ðøkoLkk ykøk¤Lkk ðøkoLke ykð]r¥k = 7

 ynª, r = 10 Mku{e. yLku θ = 90° Au.

33. þtfw økku¤ku

36. Ãkûk : ∆ ABC ∼ ∆ PQR

2.2 Mku{e. 5 Mku{e.

∴ 45 økw÷kçkòtçkwLkwt ½LkV¤ = 45 × yuf økw÷kçkòtçkwLkwt ½LkV¤

× 1.96 × c 6.6 5.6 m

«uÂõxMk ÃkuÃkh 4 Lkk sðkçkku

9. (D) ‚{ktŒh Au. 16. 1

Äkhku fu, a = 5c, ßÞkt c fkuE ÃkqýkOf Au.

22. ∆ ABC y™u ∆ PQR {kt,

23. zk.çkk. sec A(1 – sin A)(sec A + tan A)

 ∆ OQP {kt, OQ2 + PQ2 = OP2

Ãkhtíkw x = –19 ÄLk ÃkqýkOf MktÏÞk Lk nkuðkÚke þõÞ LkÚke.

30. D (2, 3) C (6, 3)

∆ ABD Lkkt rþhku®çkËwyku A(1, 0), B(7, 0) yLku D(2, 3) Au.

 TO òuzku. Äkhku fu íku PQ Lku R {kt AuËu Au.

2.2 Mku{e. 5 Mku{e.

∴ 45 økw÷kçkòtçkwLkwt ½LkV¤ = 45 × yuf økw÷kçkòtçkwLkwt ½LkV¤

34. {u¤ðu÷ økwý (xi) rðãkÚkeoykuLke MktÏÞk (fi) fi xi

 ynª, {æÞMÚk 137 yLku

«uÂõxMk ÃkuÃkh 5 Lkk sðkçkku

 10 r{r™x™k ‚{Þ„k¤k{kt r{r™x fktxku îkhk fuLÿ –b ± b 2 – 4ac

 ynª, O fuLÿðk¤k çku Mk{fuLÿeÞ ðíkwo¤ku C1 yLku C2 Au.

ykÚke, α = 3, β = –1 yLku γ = – 13 ÷Eyu íkku,

Ãkhtíkw Mk{Þ Éý c x = – 5 m þõÞ LkÚke.

Ãkh rð¼ksLk fhu Au.

 yne,  (0, 5)Lke

yÄoøkku÷fLkwt ½LkV¤ = 32 πr3

60 – 100 5 80 –2.25 –11.25

100 – 150 16 125 = a 0 0

150 – 250 12 200 3.75 45.00

250 – 350 2 300 8.75 17.50