WEBINAR:

How to Become an Expert in Automotive Ethernet Testing

Part 2:
Mastering MDI Return Loss and Mode Conversion Loss
Electrical Compliance Test
Thank you for joining us. We will begin shortly
NOTE: This presentation includes Q&A. We will be taking questions during the
presentation with answers at the end using the questions section of your control
panel.

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Teledyne LeCroy Overview
 LeCroy was founded by Walter LeCroy in 1964
 Original products were high-speed digitizers for
particle physics research

 Corporate headquarters is in Chestnut Ridge, NY

(USA)
 Regional sales/service offices in every major
location around the world

 Long history of innovation in digital

oscilloscopes
 First digital storage oscilloscope
 First 100 GHz real-time oscilloscope
 First 12-bit high bandwidth oscilloscope
 HD4096 technology – 12 bits all the time

 LeCroy is also the world leader in high-speed

protocol analysis.
 In 2012, LeCroy was acquired by Teledyne
Technologies and renamed Teledyne LeCroy

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About the Presenter

• PhD Electronic Engineering and Microwave

Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

• Business Development Manager with 15 years

experience with Teledyne LeCroy including
Product Marketing, Applications Engineering,
and Sales Engineering

• Prior to Teledyne LeCroy, 20 years experience

in HW engineering and application customer
support of electronic test equipment
Giuseppe Leccia
• Focus on network analysis and high-speed
Business Development Manager serial data analysis
High-Speed Interconnects Analysis
Teledyne LeCroy
giuseppe.leccia@teledyne.com

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Automotive Ethernet Master Series
In this four-part series we will cover everything you need to become an
expert in Automotive Ethernet, starting with the fundamentals and building
up to how to preform compliance testing and debug.

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Welcome to Automotive Ethernet Masters Webinar Series!
We will cover everything you need
to become an expert in Automotive
Ethernet, starting with the
fundamentals and building up to
how to preform compliance testing
and debug.
Topics:
 Part 1 - Fundamentals of
Compliance Test, Validation and
Debug
 Part 2 - Mastering MDI Return
Loss and Mode Conversion
Loss Test
 Part 3 – Mastering Transmitter
Droop, Distortion, Jitter and
Spectral Density Test
 Part 4 – Debugging PHY Layer
Link Communication Learning
Lab
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Agenda
 Definition of Automotive Ethernet

 Physical layer fundamental, compliance

measurements and debugging

 TDR fundamentals
 Signal Reflections (MDI S-parameters)
 MDI Return Loss
 MDI Mode Conversion Loss

 Measurements Lab

 Summary and Questions

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Defining Automotive Ethernet

We will provide a brief overview of Automotive

Ethernet, some of its benefits, and introduce the
different variants of Automotive Ethernet.

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Agenda
 Definition of Automotive Ethernet

 Physical layer fundamental, compliance

measurements and debugging

 TDR fundamentals
 Signal Reflections (MDI S-parameters)
 MDI Return Loss
 MDI Mode Conversion Loss

 Measurements Lab

 Summary and Questions

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What is Automotive Ethernet?
 Any Ethernet-based network for
in-vehicle electrical systems

 Specifically tailored to meet the

needs of automotive industry

 Enables faster data

communication Source: Continental

 In-vehicle electronics growing in volume and complexity

 Automotive Ethernet is Enabling  More data requires higher transmission rates
 Auto makers seeking less costly forms of wiring
Vehicles of Tomorrow  In-vehicle technologies must meet strict requirements

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Automotive Ethernet is Enabling Vehicles of Tomorrow
What is Automotive Ethernet? Who Uses Automotive Ethernet?
 Any Ethernet-based network for  Primarily Automotive Industry
in-vehicle electrical systems
OEMs Tier 1 Tier 2

 Specifically tailored to meet the

needs of automotive industry

 Enables faster data

communication  Other applications
 Industrial automation
 Avionics

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What are some of the benefits of Automotive Ethernet?
 Higher bandwidth
 LIN: 19.2 Kb/s
 CAN FD: 15 Mb/s
 FlexRay: 10 Mb/s
 MOST: 25, 50, 150 Mb/s (shared)

 Low-cost cabling solution

 Reduces cable weight by ~30% and connectivity cost by ~80%*
*Source: Broadcom

 Engineered to meet stringent EMC/EMI automotive requirements

 Temperature grade automotive requirements

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 There are Several Variants of Automotive Ethernet
Standard IEEE Data Rate Symbol Oscilloscope Encoding Topology
Spec Rate Bandwidth
10Base-T1S 802.3cg 10 Mb/s 12.5 350 MHz Manchester Full or half-
(Feb 2020) MHz duplex
Point-to-point,
Multidrop
BroadR-Reach 802.3bw 100 Mb/s 66.6 1 GHz PAM3 Full-duplex
100Base-T1 (Oct 2015) MHz Point-to-point
1000Base-T1 802.3bp 1000 Mb/s 750 MHz 2 GHz PAM3 Full-duplex
(June 2016) Point-to-point
MultiGBase-T1 802.3ch 2.5 Gb/s 1.4 GHz 4 GHz PAM4 Full-duplex
(June 2020) 5 Gb/s 2.8 GHz 8 GHz Point-to-point
10 Gb/s 5.6 GHz 13 GHz

 Each variant has a different use case in the vehicle and a different test requirements

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Automotive Ethernet Specification Releases

2.5GBase-T1
BroadR-Reach 1000Base-T1 5GBase-T1
Dec 2011 June 2016 10GBase-T1
June 2020

100Base-T1 10Base-T1S
Oct 2015 Feb 2020

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Physical layer fundamental
compliance testing and debugging
We will define key terminology for understanding Automotive
Ethernet topologies and signaling.

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Agenda
 Definition of Automotive Ethernet

 Physical layer fundamental, compliance

measurements and debugging

 TDR fundamentals
 Signal Reflections (MDI S-parameters)
 MDI Return Loss
 MDI Mode Conversion Loss

 Measurements Lab

 Summary and Questions

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Automotive Ethernet Physical Layer
Half-duplex

100 Mb/s
operations over a
Single Balanced
Twisted Pair
Cable

Full-duplex
communication with
PAM-3 decoding

1000 Mb/s
operations over a
Single Balanced
Twisted Pair
Cable

Full-duplex

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PAM-3 signaling with logical +1,0 and -1 as modulation

BroadR- +1
Reach
100Base-T1
1000Base-T1
0
 PAM-3 signaling
increases the
throughput for
the same baud
rate -1

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A Single Twisted Pair Reduces Weight and Lowers Cost

Cat5 Ethernet Cable Single Balanced Twisted Pair

Source: eenews automotive

Reduces cable weight by ~30%

Source: Patchcords Online and connectivity cost by ~80%*
*Source: Broadcom

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Coaxial vs Balanced Unshielded Twisted Pair Copper
Coaxial Balanced Twisted Pair Copper
No shield required because the
balance of the two conductors
in a twisted pair is what cancels
out noise injected into the cable

+ =

Shield improves interference and

noise immunity ∆=
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Two Organizations Involved in Automotive Ethernet Specs
IEEE OPEN Alliance
 Institute of Electrical and  One-Pair Ether-Net
Electronics Engineers
 Technical Committees (TCs)
 Ethernet specs are covered in define the specs as a group
the 802.3 specification
 Create Test Specs that are
 Automotive Ethernet specs are additive to IEEE spec
made as amenedments to the
802.3 spec

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 Why use Automated Compliance Software?
 Automation will greatly decrease the
test time

 Complete documentation of test

results

 You don’t need to be an expert to

perform testing
 Software guides you through each
step

 Results are fully repeatable – tested

the same way every time

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Guides the User Through the Each Step
 Prompts notify user to output  Detailed connection diagrams
correct test pattern ensure the proper setup

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 Fully Documented Report Automatically Generated
 Test values, Specified test limits, Screen captures

 Can be created as:

HTML, PDF, XML

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Is Compliance Testing Enough?
 Characterization and optimization is easier to perform before running
compliance testing

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TDR fundamentals

We will compare the different versions of Automotive Ethernet

and describe their applications.

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Agenda
 Definition of Automotive Ethernet

 Physical layer fundamental, compliance

measurements and debugging

 TDR fundamentals
 Signal Reflections (MDI S-parameters)
 MDI Return Loss
 MDI Mode Conversion Loss

 Measurements Lab

 Summary and Questions

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TDR - Time Domain Reflectometry (principles of operation)
single-ended TDR block diagram
TDR works on the principle of applying an electrical pulse
through a conductor and examining the reflected electrical
pulse for discontinuities in the conducting material
.

WavePulser 40iX

Vincident
T3SP15D

Vtransmitted t
=
Vt 2 x Z2
= Vreflected ρ = rho =
Vr Z2 − Z1
=
Vi Z2 + Z1
Vi Z2 + Z1

© 2020 Teledyne LeCroy Automotive Ethernet and Transmitter Distortion Testing - May 19th, 2020 - Webinar
 TDR - Time Domain Reflectometry (principles of operation)
 TDR measures impedance mismatch and discontinuities
causing reflections (types and distances) in transmission
lines through which the signal travels.
 Reflections decrease signal quality affecting signal rise
time, pulse width, jitter …. single-ended TDR block diagram
 Step Response and Impedance profile are the
fundamental results from the TDR

single-ended step response

Impedance
Profile
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Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) analisys

TDRs precisely
locate impedance
mismatch on UTP

Impedance Profile
Impedance

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

time / physical
length

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Signal Reflections (MDI S-parameters)
MDI Return Loss
MDI Mode Conversion Loss

We will discuss the fundamentals of compliance testing and

how it is performed for Automotive Ethernet.

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Agenda
 Definition of Automotive Ethernet

 Physical layer fundamental, compliance

measurements and debugging

 TDR fundamentals
 Signal Reflections (MDI S-parameters)
 MDI Return Loss
 MDI Mode Conversion Loss

 Measurements Lab

 Summary and Questions

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S-parameters as “Scattering Parameters”
 Since the 1950s, S-parameters have been among the most important of all foundation of microwave theory

 S-parameters define a complete behavioral description of the linear component at ports, independent of
the detailed physics of the realization on the DUT

 Stimulus is a sine-wave (single

frequency) named incident

 Consist of both magnitude and “BLACK BOX”

phase
Port 1 Port 2
 S-parameters are a function of
frequency (frequency domain)

 S-parameter common terms:

 Return Loss (reflection)
 Insertion Loss (transmission)
 Crosstalk

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Two different description (modelling)
TWO Single Ended
Transmission Lines
with cross talk
ONE Differential Pair Transmission Line

Single ended signal in

Diff signal in/out Common signal in/out

Single ended signal out:

Single ended S-Parameters

Each port source impedance = 50 Ohms
Mixed Mode S-parameters
Diff port impedance
= 100 Ohms
Comm port impedance
= 25 Ohms

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Mixed Mode Reflections S-parameters

Sxx11
Return Loss

Mode Conversion Loss

Transmitted signal Reflected signal

 SDD Differential signal in  differential signal out
 SCC Common signal in  common signal out
 SCD Differential signal in  common signal out
 SDC Common signal in  differential signal out

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MDI return loss (Sdd11)
 Sdd11 is the Return Loss
(Differential Mode to Differential Mode)

SDD11
Single Balanced Unshielded Twisted Pair

 A compliant 100BASE-T1,
1000BASE-T1 and 10BaseT1S
device shall ideally have a
differential characteristic
impedance of 100Ω.
 Any difference between these impedances will result in a partial reflection of the
transmitted signals. Return loss is a measure of the signal power that is reflected
due to the impedance mismatch.
Sales training - MDI S-parameter Automotive Ethernet - January 2021 35
Coaxial vs Balanced Unshielded Twisted Pair Copper
Coaxial Balanced Twisted Pair Copper
No shield required because the
balance of the two conductors
in a twisted pair is what cancels
out noise injected into the cable

vs

+ =

Shield improves interference and

noise immunity ∆=
Sales training - MDI S-parameter Automotive Ethernet - January 2021 36
Mode Conversion is measure of noise susceptibility
Common-mode Chokes improve SDC11

EMC
SDC11 = 60dB means a factor 1/1000 in V (common mode to differential mode)

Example: a 10V common mode disturbance will generate a 10 mV noise on the

differential signal
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 MDI mode conversion loss
 SDC11 is the Return Loss
(Common Mode to Differential Mode)

SDC11

Single Balanced Unshielded Twisted Pair

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Automotive Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) connector systems
Molex/Mini50 MATEnet (TE connectivity) Rosenberger H-MTD®

 UTP to SMA test fixture depends on customer UTP supplier

 WavePulser 40iX allow accurate test fixture characterization
requested for MDI S-parameter mode conversion measurement.
 TF-AUTO-ENET-SMA allows to measure independently from UTP
supplier TF-AUTO-ENET-SMA

Sales training - MDI S-parameter Automotive Ethernet - January 2021 39

MDI mode conversion loss (Sdc11), DUT and fixture alone

When measuring mode conversion loss,

the impedance balance of the cabling
and test fixtures in the test setup is
critical.

Sdc11

Any fixtures used to connect the MDI of the DUT to the test equipment should have sufficient mode
conversion loss margin compared to the MDI requirement. To achieve a high degree of reliability of
measurement results it is recommended that the test fixture mode conversion loss meet a specified mask.

Sales training - MDI S-parameter Automotive Ethernet - January 2021 40

WavePulser 40iX Reliable Test Fixture Characterization
WavePulser 40iX
measures the
impedance profile of
cables
and test devices to
ensure that the paths of
the two signals
D+ and D- are identical
so that there is no
mode conversion
generated from a
difference in electrical
length.
difference in electrical length
generates mode conversion

Sales training - MDI S-parameter Automotive Ethernet - January 2021 41

WavePulser 40iX and QualiPHY Lab

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Closing Comments

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WavePulser 40iX: Testing in frequency and time domain
Time Frequency  S-parameters mixed-mode
Domain Domain and single-ended
TDR VNA
 Impedance Profile with < 1mm
spatial resolution , differential
and single-ended
characteristic impedance

 S-parameter de-embedding to
move the reference plane
Deep Toolbox
(S-parameter de-embedding, Time Gating,
Emulation equalized eye-diagram and jitter analysis
)
WavePulser 40IX intro - customer presentation- June 2019 44
Dedicated video on MDI Mode Conversion Test
https://teledynelecroy.com/support/techlib/videos.aspx?capid=106&mid=528&smid=662&docid=12375

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https://teledynelecroy.com/events/
 View forthcoming live
events by date
 Select to register for the
event
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Webinars
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corner

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Questions?
giuseppe.Leccia@teledyne.com
linkedin.com/in/giuseppe-Leccia-559b4920

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