DDWL1102

SECTION05
INTRODUCTION TO GEOMATICS
PN. NOORAZLIZA BT SUDAR

ASSIGNMENT 2
IRDINA NAFEESYA BT
NURULHAKEEM
A22DW1003
 INTRODUCTION

Geomatic is the combination of geospatial data and land surveying. Thus, there
are many disciplines and equipment’s in land surveying that we should know
about. One of the many disciplines and equipment’s is photogrammetry and
drones. It is important for a surveyor to understand the concept of each
discipline and the work function of the equipment’s. This is to guarantee every
work is done efficiently and smoothly.
 PHOTOGRAMMETRY

Concept of photogrammetry

Photogrammetry is mostly known as a three-dimensional coordinate measuring

technique which uses photographs as a medium for measuring. There are two
types of photogrammetry; aerial and terrestrial.
Aerial Photogrammetry is where the camera is placed in an aircraft and is
usually pointed towards the ground.
Terrestrial however is where the camera is handheld or is used by using a
tripod. It is also known as close-range photogrammetry.
Accuracy of photogrammetry

Ground sampling distance (GSD) is known to be the distance between two

consecutive pixel centres measured on the ground. The relative accuracy of a
survey using photogrammetry is estimated to be between 1-3 times the GSD.
The lower the GSD, the clearer and better the image that forms. Hence, the
more accurate the results of the photogrammetry would be.

Applications of photogrammetry

Photogrammetry is commonly used for mapping in the surveying industry.

However, photogrammetry is also useful in the engineering and entertainment
industry.
Engineering
Engineers uses images from drones to evaluate the structure of construction
sites and buildings properly. This is to ensure the safety and accuracy of every
work done.
Entertainment
Filmmakers rely on photogrammetry for 3D modelling. 3D modelling helps in
bringing virtual worlds and historical places in movies with accurate
measurements.
Price of equipment’s used in photogrammetry

Digital camera
- Preferably full frame cameras for high quality images
- Price range of RM 1000-5000 (not including lenses)

Aircraft
- Usually uses fixed wing aircraft
- Pilots estimate charge per hour RM 600-1000
 DRONES

Concept of drones

Drones are known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned aircraft

systems. They are mostly used for aerial surveying and is remotely and software
controlled to fly independently. Drones work in conjunction of sensors and
GPS. Geographic Information Systems (GSI) is used for collection of data. The
data is then used to visualize and map out locations.
As drones fly above the ground, it uses downward-facing sensors with RGB
cameras to capture images.

Accuracy of drones

Drones are known to be incredibly accurate. In lots of cases, drone surveys are
expected to come within two centimetres from the actual location but most
drones can be more accurate than those measurements. The kind of drone,
quality of camera and flight height can influence the accuracy of drone survey.
Applications of drones

In land surveying, drones are mostly used for mapping and aerial photography.
But drones can be applied in lots of other fields such as mining, agriculture,
search and rescue, plus many more.
Mining
Mining sites are expansive and hazardous. By using drones, it can help provide
special data of the sites and provide safety measures to the miners.
Agriculture
Drones deliver the best and non-invasive method to capture clear images. This
enables the farmers to monitor their crops and equipment on an hourly, daily or
weekly basis.
Search and rescue
New drone technology has ensured that lifesaving activities can now be
completed with improved speed, precision and accuracy. Drones also provide
better access of dangerous areas during operations.
Price of drones and drone survey

- Drones are incredibly expensive

One drone can go from RM10000 up to RM90000 depends on the brand
and qualities
- A drone survey however can cost RM150 to RM600 per acre

CONCLUSION

Photogrammetry and drones will always play important roles in the surveying
industry especially land surveying. Hence, to become a professional land
surveyor, it is crucial to have the knowledge of the disciplines in land surveying
and the work function of each equipment used. Intelligence is the key to being
successful.

REFERENCES

- https://riseabove.com.au/pages/uav-applications-and-uses
- https://mcsteen.com/use-of-drones-in-mapping-aerial-surveying/
#:~:text=Drones%20are%20becoming%20a%20powerful,by%20flying
%20above%20the%20ground.
- https://www.takeoffpros.com/2020/01/16/land-surveying-with-drones/
- https://www.picturecorrect.com/aerial-photography-what-type-of-aircraft-
works-best/#:~:text=Likely%20the%20bulk%20of%20aerial,to%20get
%20the%20best%20view.
- https://millmanland.com/company-news/drone-surveying/
- https://www.photomodeler.com/uav-photogrammetry-for-surveying/
- https://www.photogrammetry.com/
- https://www.vedantu.com/geography/photogrammetry