ChE664: Environmental

Management

27/06/2017 1
 Environmental Management
Systems (EMS)

2 6/27/2017
27/06/2017 3
 Unlimited
Unlimited Unlimited
Unlimited
Raw material Capital Energy
Labour

Industry
Products

Unlimited
Unlimited
Unlimited Environmental
Waste material degradation
27/06/2017 4
 Unlimited
Unlimited Unlimited
Unlimited
Raw material Capital Energy
Labour

Industry Impact of
Products automation?

Unlimited
Unlimited
Unlimited Environmental
Waste material degradation
27/06/2017 5
 Unlimited
Unlimited Unlimited
Unlimited
Raw material Capital Energy
Labour

Industry
Products

Unlimited
Unlimited
Unlimited Environmental
Waste degradation
27/06/2017 6
 Unlimited
Unlimited Unlimited
Unlimited
Raw material Capital Energy
Labour

Industry End-of pipe

Products treatment

Unlimited
Unlimited
Unlimited Environmental
Waste degradation
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Nuclear industry waste
Los Alamos National
Laboratory has disposed of
about 13.5 million ft3 of
radioactive and chemical
solid wastes in ‘Material
Disposal Area G’ since 1943.
Source: www.lasg.org/waste/area-g.htm

Corroding nuclear waste drums

on seabed in UK territorial waters
dumped between 1950 and 1963.
Source:
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1766365.stm
27/06/2017 8
Computer industry waste

27/06/2017 Source: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/photosvideos/photos/

9
close-up-of-a-huge-pile-of-com
 Unlimited
Unlimited Unlimited
Unlimited
Raw material Capital Energy
Labour

Industry
Products

Unlimited
Unlimited
Unlimited Environmental
Waste degradation
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 Let’s take a look at
how Nature produces
and
what Nature does
with its waste.
“Biomimicry”
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Example:
Forest ecosystem

Closed cycle
and
nothing
is wasted

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Source: http://www.nrri.umn.edu/worms/forest/ecosystems.html
Example:
Forest ecosystem
eating bio products

People
open the
closed cycle

27/06/2017 13
Source: http://www.nrri.umn.edu/worms/forest/ecosystems.html
 Unlimited
Unlimited Unlimited
Unlimited
Raw material Capital Energy
Labour

Industry
Products

Unlimited
No
No Environmental
Unlimited
Waste degradation
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 Unlimited
Unlimited Unlimited
Unlimited
Raw material Capital Energy
Labour

Industry Zero effluent

Products solution

R ecycle
No
No Environmental
Waste degradation
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Raw material
Unlimited Unlimited
Unlimited
(only to start) Capital Energy
Labour

Industry
Products

R No
No Environmental
Waste degradation
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R stands for recycle
Raw material
Unlimited Unlimited
Unlimited
(only to start) Capital Energy
Labour

Industry Industrial
Products Ecology

R No
No Environmental
Waste degradation
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R stands for recycle
Industrial Ecology:
"One of the most important concepts of
industrial ecology is that, like the biological
system, it rejects the concept of waste."

- No waste
- Energy efficiently utilized
- No materials beyond those required to start the system
- Complete recycling within the system

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Source: T. Graedel and B. Allenby, Industrial Ecology, 1995
Industrial Ecology:

Let us take a look at a functional

industrial ecosystem

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The Guitang Group, beyond sugar refining in China
Sugar

Sugar Sugar
refinery
cane

27/06/2017 20
Source: Zhu and Cˆot´e 2004, 1028.
The Guitang Group, beyond sugar refining in China
Sugar

Molasses

Sugar Filter sludge

Sugar
refinery
cane

Bagasse

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Source: Zhu and Cˆot´e 2004, 1028.
The Guitang Group, beyond sugar refining in China
Sugar Alcohol

Alcohol
Molasses Alcohol residue
plant
Sugar Filter sludge
Sugar
refinery
cane

Bagasse

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Source: Zhu and Cˆot´e 2004, 1028.
The Guitang Group, beyond sugar refining in China
Sugar Alcohol
Compound
Fertilizer
Sugar cane Alcohol
Molasses Alcohol residue Fertilizer
farm plant
plant
Sugar Filter sludge
Sugar
refinery
cane

Bagasse

27/06/2017 23
Source: Zhu and Cˆot´e 2004, 1028.
The Guitang Group, beyond sugar refining in China
Sugar Alcohol
Compound
Fertilizer
Sugar cane Alcohol
Molasses Alcohol residue Fertilizer
farm plant
plant
Sugar Filter sludge
Sugar
refinery
cane
Black
liquor
Pulp
Bagasse
plant
Paper
Wastewater Pulp mill Paper
27/06/2017 24
Source: Zhu and Cˆot´e 2004, 1028.
The Guitang Group, beyond sugar refining in China
Sugar Alcohol
Compound
Fertilizer
Sugar cane Alcohol
Molasses Alcohol residue Fertilizer
farm plant
plant
Sugar Filter sludge
Sugar
refinery
cane
Black
liquor NaOH NaOH
Pulp recovery
Bagasse
plant
Paper
Wastewater Pulp mill Paper
27/06/2017 25
Source: Zhu and Cˆot´e 2004, 1028.
The Guitang Group, beyond sugar refining in China
Sugar Alcohol
Compound
Fertilizer
Sugar cane Alcohol
Molasses Alcohol residue Fertilizer
farm plant
plant
Sugar Filter sludge
Sugar
refinery
cane White sludge
Black
liquor NaOH NaOH
Pulp recovery
Bagasse
plant
Paper
Wastewater Pulp mill Paper
27/06/2017 26
Source: Zhu and Cˆot´e 2004, 1028.
The Guitang Group, beyond sugar refining in China
Sugar Alcohol
Compound
Fertilizer
Sugar cane Alcohol
Molasses Alcohol residue Fertilizer
farm plant
plant
Filter sludge Cement Cement
Sugar Sugar
mill
refinery
cane White sludge
Black
liquor NaOH NaOH
Pulp recovery
Bagasse
plant
Paper
Wastewater Pulp mill Paper
27/06/2017 27
Source: Zhu and Cˆot´e 2004, 1028.
The Guitang Group, beyond sugar refining in China
Sugar Alcohol
Compound
Fertilizer
Sugar cane Alcohol
Molasses Alcohol residue Fertilizer
farm plant
plant
Filter sludge Cement Cement
Sugar Sugar
mill
refinery
cane White sludge
Black
liquor NaOH NaOH
Pulp recovery
Bagasse
plant
Paper
Wastewater Pulp mill Paper
27/06/2017 28
Source: Zhu and Cˆot´e 2004, 1028.
Green Design

cradle-to-grave
design paradigm

cradle-to-cradle cradle-to-gate
design paradigm design paradigm

27/06/2017 Source: http://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/industry/finance/

29
publications/producer.html
Eco-Industrial Development Strategies
• Industrial Clustering
• Resource Recovery, Pollution Prevention, and
Cleaner Production
• Integration into Natural Ecosystems
• Life Cycle Assessment
• Technological Innovation & Continuous
Environmental Improvement
• Job Training
• Public Participation and Collaboration

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 Eco-Industrial Development Strategies

Implementation

Environmental
Management
System

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Environmental Management systems (EMS)

Management of an organization's environmental programs in

a comprehensive, systematic, planned and documented
manner

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Environmental Management systems (EMS)

It includes

•Organizational structure
•Potential environmental problems
•Mitigation methods
•Mitigation plan
•resources for developing and maintaining the plan

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Environmental Management systems (EMS)

More formally, EMS is

"a system and database which integrates procedures and processes for
training of personnel, monitoring, summarizing, and reporting of
specialized environmental performance information to internal and
external stakeholders of a firm.”

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Environmental Management systems (EMS)

Guidelines

The most widely used standard on which an EMS is based is

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001

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Environmental Management systems (EMS)

Guidelines

The most widely used standard on which an EMS is based is

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001

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 Why have an EMS?
• Improve management of environmental impacts
• Set targets to reduce energy use, water use & waste to landfill
• Initiate and maintain procedures to improve efficiencies including:
– Environmentally friendly purchasing procedures
– Preferred business travel option
• Define key responsibilities for achieving targets
• Monitor and measure environmental performance against key indicators
• Regularly assess progress towards achieving set objectives
• Ensure due diligence and ongoing consideration of legal and other
environmental requirements
 Why have an EMS? continued
• Contribute to preferred employer status
• Achieve cost savings
• Show leadership, nationally and/or internationally
• Obtain competitive advantage
• May be required by clients, customers and/or regulators
• Build goodwill from customers, employees and stakeholders
 The ISO 14001 model of
continual improvement

Continual
Improvement

Environmental
Policy

Planning
Management
Review

Implementation
& Operation

Checking
 Why is management commitment
important?
• Top management responsibilities are
– Endorsing an organisation wide environmental policy
– Developing and communicating firm and ongoing commitment
– Leading by example
– Provide or facilitate resources
– Appointment of management representative to ensure EMS is
developed and implemented
– Regular review of the EMS to ensure its continuing suitability,
adequacy and effectiveness.
• Actions by management provide a reflection of the
corporate culture – help to endorse the new culture
 Planning for improved environmental
performance
Environmental
Environmental
Management Programme
Management Programme

Target TargetTarget
Target Target

Objective Objective

Policy

Significant
aspects &
impacts

Initial Environmental Review

The main steps toward ISO 14001 EMS certification
ReCertification
6 Assessment

5 Surveillance

Certification
4
(registration)

Certification
3 Assessment

Document
2 Review

1 Preliminary
Assessment
 Barriers to effective
implementation
• Lack of management support and commitment
• Inadequate resources
• Lack of support from staff
• Poor internal communication and awareness
• Lack of clear responsibilities and authorities
• Lack of EMS training for implementers
• EMS too complex for the organisation