END OF TERM ONE EXAMINATION, 2023

FORM 4
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) i) R½ and S ½
ii) Giant ionic structure 1
iii) R is more reactive than S1: The electrons to be gained in R experiences more attractive1
forces from the nucleus than in S
b)

c) i) T = Basic oxide 1
V = Acidic oxide 1
ii) T2O 1
V2O3 1 or V2O5
2. a) i) Liquid R is water
ii) Black copper (II) oxide changes to red-brown:
CuO is reduced to copper by ammonia
iii)

b) The excess NH3, from the reaction dissolves in water to form ammonium hydroxide which is a weak
alkaline with a pH of about 10.0
c) Because it is cheaper when ammonia is made from nitrogen from air.
d) i) Dense white fumes
ii)

e) Manufacture of fertilizers
Softening of water
Any other
3. a) i) To prevent loss of solid 1 / spilting out of solid
ii) To ensure all water 1 removed / evaporated
iii) 80.60g – 50.60g = 30.0 g1
iv) 62.60g – 50.60 g = 12.0g1
v) 30.0g – 12.0g = 18.0g 1
Or
80.60g – 62.60g = 18.01

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 b) i) Advantages
- Provides calcium ions essential for strengthening bones and teeth
- Good for beer brewing
- Hard water does not dissolve in Lead pipes
Any one correct
ii) Disadvantages
- Waste soap
- Stains white cloths
- Deposition of fur in kettle, pipes and boilers
Any one correct
c) When sodium carbonate is added to it; it precipitates out Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions1

4. a) i)

ii)

iii) passing it through a U-tube containing anhydrous CaCl2. Passing through concentrated1
sulphuric acid in a flask.
b)

iv) Calcium oxide or calcium chloride

5. a) The enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a substance is displaced from a solution1 of its
ions
b) To capture all the heat1 transferred to or from thee surrounding / prevent heat loss1 or heat gain
from the surrounding
c)

d)

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 e) Heat loss to the surrounding1 not included
Heat absorbed by apparatus1 not accounted for
f)

g) The value would be higher than that of Zinc1. Magnesium have higher tendency to loss electrons
than zinc
6. a) i)

ii) A and C 1
b) - Put the thread solids in distilled water and stir using a glass rod
- Lead (II)) nitrate dissolves while lead chloride and lead sulphate does not
- Filter to obtain Lead (II) nitrate as the filtrate and lead chloride and lead sulphate as residue.
- Add water to the residue and warm
- Lead chloride dissolves
- Filter the mixture to obtain Lead chloride as filtrate and lead suphate as a residue
c) i) Fractional distillation
ii) Density
7. a) i) Dip the thistle funnel into the solution in the flask 1
ii) Remove the conical flak with water 1
iii) Collect the gas using downward delivery or upwards displacements 1
iv) Use of calcium carbonate and dilute HCl
b) It is denser than air hence cover½ the fire
It does not support combustion½ extinguishers

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 c) i) Gas M – ammonia gas ½
ii) Gas Q – Carbon (iv) oxide ½
iii) Solution F – Ammonium chloride ½
iv) Solid X – Sodium hydrogen carbonate ½
d) i) Calcium chloride ½
ii) Uses
- Used in road surfacing ½
- Used in de-icing roads ½
- Used in extraction of sodium metal from rock salts and by electrolysis
- Anhydrous calcium chloride used as drying agent
Any one correct
e)
NH4Cl (aq)

f) Ammonia gas (NH3) ½

Brine (NaCl) ½
Coke ½
Limestone (CaCO3)
Any two correct
8. a) i) Calcium carbide
ii) Phosphoric acid
iii) H – C ≡ C – H
iv) Polymerisation
v)

vi) Hardening of oils to fats. Useful in manufacture of margarine

b) i)

ii) (CH2)n = 84
14n = 84
n=6
C6H2
iii) i) Acidified potassium pamanganate (VII)
ii) Bromine water

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