Mathematics 8 – Grade 8

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 3 – Week 7: Geometry
8
Lesson: Proving Satements on Triangle Congruence

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or

Third Quarter Module 5

office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Week 7
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,

trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the Development
and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be helped to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care.

2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Let’s Learn

This module was designed and written to help you understand the concept of triangle
congruence. Each example follows a step-by-step procedure which serves as your guide to
answer the problem.
After going through this lesson, you are expected to prove statements on triangle
congruence.

Let’s Try

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. What do you call an angle whose vertex is the center of a circle?
A. Acute angles C. Central angles
B. Base angles D. Vertex angles
2. What part of isosceles triangle is congruent?
A. Acute angles C. Exterior angles
B. Base angles D. Vertex angles
3. Which of the following theorems states that if the hypotenuse and an acute angle
of one right triangle are congruent to the corresponding hypotenuse and an acute
angle of another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.?
A. HA Congruence Theorem C. LA Congruence Theorem
B. HL Congruence Theorem D. LL Congruence Theorem
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Equilateral triangles is equiangular.
B. Equilateral triangles has 3 equal sides.
C. Equilateral triangles is not equiangular.
D. Equilateral triangles has 3 equal angles.
For items 5 to 10:
Complete the proof. Choose the letter of the correct answer to fill the blank.
A. Definition of median H. MA=TA
B. Definition of angle bisector I. MH =TH
C. Definition of perpendicular bisector J. AH =AH
D. Reflexive Property of Equality K. ∆ MAH ≅ ∆ TAH
E. SSS Postulate L. m∠ MHA=m ∠ THA
F. SAS Postulate M. AH ⊥ MT
G. CPCTE N. m∠ MAH =m∠ TAH

Given: ∆ MAT is an isosceles triangle with base A

MT .
AH is the median to MT .

M T
H
 Prove: AH is the bisector ∠ MAT .

Proof:

Statements Reasons

∆ MAT is isosceles (5)

AH is median.
MA=TA Definition of isosceles triangle

(6) Definition of median

AH =AH (7)

(8) SSS Postulate

(9) CPCTE

AH is the bisector ∠ MAT . (10)

Write score
here

Alternatively, you may answer these questions online!

Use this link on your smartphone, laptop, or desktop:
http://bit.ly/M8M2LETSTRY
Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You may scan the QR
code at the left side. Make sure you are connected to the internet!
You will see your score after completing the test. Make sure to
screenshot your work as proof to your teacher then write your score
in the box.

Lesson
Proving Statements on
8 Triangle congruence

Let’s Recall

Before you proceed to the lesson, try to answer the activity below to assess what you
have learned from the past lessons.
COMPLETE ME!
Directions: State the third congruence required to prove the congruence of triangles using
the indicated postulates.

1. SAS B
C O 2. AAS M
D W
G
C
A D
F

T E AR T H
D Y T E
A

3. SSS 4. ASA

5. AAS 6. SAS
M TC
H
R
A
A S I
E
T
7. SSS U HO 8. ASA E
L
N
N A
B E V
S
T
9. SAS 10. SSS
 Let’s Explore

LOGIC!

To prove the statement, match each statement in Column A to its corresponding reason in
Column B. A

Given: MA ≅ TA , ∠ MAH ≅ ∠TAH

M T
Prove: H is the midpoint of MT . H

Statements Reasons

_____ 1. MA ≅ TA , ∠ MAH ≅ ∠TAH C) Definition of Midpoint

_____ 2. HA ≅ HA G) SAS Postulate

_____ 3. ∆ MAH ≅ ∆ TAH I) CPCTC (Corresponding parts

of congruent triangles are
congruent.)

_____ 4. MH ≅ TH L) Given

_____ 5. H is the midpoint of MT . O) Reflexive Property of Equality

Guide Questions:

1. Did you find the corresponding reason for each statement easily?
2. How do you prove the statement?
3. What you must do first to prove the statement?

Let’s Elaborate

Proving that the two triangles are congruent is not the end goal anymore. Geometric
statements or theorems can be proved after proving the two triangles are congruent.
Examples:

1. Here is our first theorem.

Isosceles Triangle Theorem

In an isosceles triangle, the base angles are equal.

Given: ∆ ABC , AB= AC A

Prove: m∠ B=m∠C

Construction: Draw AD the bisector of ∠ A .

Proof: B C
D
Statements Reasons

In △ ABD , △ ACD

1. AB= AC 1. Given

2. AD the bisector of ∠ A . 2. Construction

3. m∠ BAD=m ∠CAD 3. Definition of angle bisector

4. AD= AD 4. Reflexive Property of Equality

5. ∆ ABD ≅ ∆ ACD 5. SAS Postulate

6. m∠ B=m∠ C 6. CPCTE (Corresponding parts of

congruent triangles are equal)

2. Another example is a corollary.

Corollary: An equilateral triangle is equiangular.

B
Given: ∆ BTS with BT =TS=BS

Prove: m∠ B=m∠ T =m ∠ S

Proof:

Statements T Reasons S

1. ∆ BTS with BT=TS 1. Given

2. ∠ B=∠ S 2. Isosceles Triangle Theorem

3. BT=BS 3. Given
 4. ∠ S=∠ T 4. Isosceles Triangle Theorem

5. m∠ B=m∠T =m ∠S 5. Substitution

3. Let us prove another statement.

A
Given: ∆ MAT is an isosceles triangle
with base MT .

AH is the median to MT .
Prove: AH is the altitude to MT . M T
H
Proof:

Statements Reasons

1. ∆ MAT is isosceles 1. Given

AH is median.
2. MA=TA 2. Definition of isosceles triangle

3. MH =TH 3. Definition of median

4. AH =AH 4. Reflexive Property of Equality

5. ∆ MAH ≅ ∆ TAH 5. SSS Postulate

6. m∠ MHA=m ∠THA 6. CPCTE (Corresponding parts of

congruent triangles are equal)

7. AH ⊥ MT 7. Equal Linear Pair Theorem (If two lines

intersect forming a set of equal linear
pair, then the lines are perpendicular.)

8. AH is the altitude to MT 8. Definition of altitude

4. The next statement to be proved is connected to circle. Note on the important

concepts about circle.
X
A central angle is an angle whose vertex is the
center O of a circle and whose legs (OX and OY ) are
O
radii.The chord joining the intersections of the central Y
angle with the circle is said to be subtended by the central
angle. XY is subtended by∠ XOY .

Equal chords of a circle are subtended by equal central angles.

 X

Given: O is the center, VW = XY O

Y
W
Prove: m∠VOW =m∠ XOY

Proof: V

Statements Reasons

In △ VOW , △ XOY

1. VO=WO , XO=YO 1. Radii of the same circle are equal.

2. VW = XY 2. Given

3. ∆ VOW ≅ ∆ XOY 3. SSS Postulate

4. m ∠VOW =m∠ XOY 4. CPCTE (Corresponding parts of

congruent triangles are equal)

Let’s prove special cases of congruence using right triangles.

5. LL (Leg-Leg) Congruence Theorem

If the legs of one right triangle are congruent to the legs of another
right triangle, then the two right triangles are congruent.

Given: rt. ∆ ACB and rt. ∆ DFE , A D

AC=DF , CB=FE
Prove: rt. ∆ ACB ≅ rt. ∆ DFE

Proof: B E F
C
Statements Reasons

In rt. △ ACB , rt. △ DFE

1. AC=DF , CB=FE 1. Given

2. ∠C and ∠ F are right angles 2. Definition of right triangles

3. m∠ C=m∠ F 3. All right angles are equal.

4. rt . ∆ ACB ≅ rt . ∆ DFE 4. SAS Postulate

Note that since all right angles are congruent, use only two pairs of corresponding
parts are congruent, in order, to prove two triangles are congruent.

How can we prove the congruence of two right triangles if the corresponding
congruent parts are a leg and an adjacent acute angle?
6 LA (Leg-Acute angle) Congruence Theorem
If a leg and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to a
leg and an acute angle of another right triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.

A D

Given: rt. ∆ ACB and rt. ∆ DFE ,

CB=FE , m∠ B=m∠ E
Prove: rt. ∆ ACB ≅ rt. ∆ DFE B E F
C
Proof:

Statements Reasons

In rt. △ ACB , rt. △ DFE

1. CB=FE , m∠ B=m∠ E 1. Given

2. ∠C and ∠ F are right angles 2. Definition of right triangles

3. m∠ C=m∠ F 3. All right angles are equal.

4. rt . ∆ ACB ≅ rt . ∆ DFE 4. SAS Postulate

Try to prove the other two theorems on congruence of right triangles.

HL (Hypotenuse-Leg) Congruence Theorem

If the hypotenuse and a leg of one right triangle are congruent to the
corresponding hypotenuse and a leg of another triangle, then the triangles
are congruent.

HA (Hypotenuse-Acute angle) Congruence Theorem

If the hypotenuse and an acute angle of one right triangle are
congruent to the corresponding hypotenuse and an acute angle of another
right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

To watch a video tutorial on Proving Statements on Triangle Congruence, by

Supplementary Math; Lessons and Tutorials (2018), visit the link

https://youtu.be/DeAwCCAQ9Qs

To watch a video tutorial on Right Triangles (Congruence Theorems)

(Geometry7.1) by Monica Moss (2016), visit the links

https://youtu.be/HWSarbCGh5I
 Let’s Dig In

Activity 1: Name Me!

Write LL (Leg-Leg Congruence), LA (Leg-Acute angle Congruence), HL (Hypotenuse-Leg

Congruence), or HA (Hypotenuse-Acute angle Congruence) to identify the theorem that
justifies the right triangles are congruent. Then, write the name of the other corresponding
congruent right triangle.

Example: C D a. _____ I
i. _LL___ ∆ KIT ≅¿
∆ CAT ≅ ∆ DOG K T

A O
TG E
b. _____ c. _____ H
∆ WET ≅ ∆ LOE ≅ L O

N
U E VS

d. ______ W D e. _____
B
M H
∆ MAT ≅ ∆ UBN ≅

E Y
A T R T

Activity 2: Fill in Me!

Fill in the missing statements and reasons to prove the geometric statements.
B
A) Given: ∆ ABC and ∆ BDC are isosceles.
A D
Prove: AD bisects ∠ BAC

Proof: C

Statements Reasons

∆ ABC and ∆ BDC are 1)

isosceles.
2) Definition of isosceles triangle

DB=DC 3)

4) Reflexive Property of Equality

∆ ABD ≅ ∆ ACD 5)

6) CPCTE (Corresponding parts of

congruent triangles are equal)
 AD bisects ∠ BAC . 7)

B) Given: ∆ ABC , AB= AC A

Prove: m∠ B=m∠C

Construction: Draw D the midpoint of BC . Join AD .

Proof: B C
D
Statements Reasons

In △ ABD , △ ACD

8) Given

BD=DC 9)

10) Reflexive Property of Equality

∆ ABD ≅ ∆ ACD 11)

12) 13)

B E C

C) Given: AD=BC , DC =BA , EF bisects DB at K . K

Prove: EK =KF

Proof: A D
F
Statements Reasons

AD=BC , DC =BA , EF 8)
bisects DB at K .
9) Reflexive Property of Equality

∆ ADB ≅ ∆ CBD 10)

11) CPCTE (Corresponding parts of

congruent triangles are equal)

m∠ BKE=m ∠ DKF 12)

13) ASA Postulate

EK =KF 14)
 Let’s Remember

Geometric statements or theorems can be proved after proving the two triangles are
congruent. Key to the proof is establishing the presence of congruent triangles.

The following geometric statements and theorems are proven.

 Isosceles Triangle Theorem. In an isosceles triangle, the base angles are

equal.
 An equilateral triangle is equiangular.
 The median of an isosceles triangle is also an altitude.
 Equal chords of a circle are subtended by equal central angles.

To prove two right triangles are congruent, use only two pairs of corresponding parts are
congruent since all right angles are congruent. The following theorems are proven given two
right triangles.

 LL (Leg-Leg) Congruence Theorem. If the legs of one right triangle are congruent
to the legs of another right triangle, then the two right triangles are congruent.
 LA (Leg-Acute angle) Congruence Theorem. If a leg and an acute angle of one
right triangle are congruent to a leg and an acute angle of another right triangle, then
the triangles are congruent.
 HL (Hypotenuse-Leg) Congruence Theorem. If the hypotenuse and a leg of one
right triangle are congruent to the corresponding hypotenuse and a leg of another
triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
 HA (Hypotenuse-Acute angle) Congruence Theorem. If the hypotenuse and an
acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to the corresponding hypotenuse and
an acute angle of another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

Let’s Apply

Activity 3: The Converse of the Isosceles Triangle Theorem

1. Use the given segment AB.

2. From A and B, use a protractor to draw two conruent

angles, ∠CAB and ∠CBA and the rays intersect at
C.
3. Measure the length of CA and CB .

4. What can you conclude about the measures of CA A B

and CB ?
 Let’s Evaluate

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. What do you call the equivalent of median in isosceles triangle?
A. Altitude C. Hypotenuse
B. Equal Chords D. Leg
2. Which of the following angles are equal in isosceles triangle?
A. Acute angles C. Exterior angles
B. Base angles D. Vertex angles
3. Which of the following theorems states that if a leg and an acute angle of one right
triangle are congruent to a leg and an acute angle of another right triangle, then
the triangles are congruent.?
A. HA Congruence Theorem C. LA Congruence Theorem
B. HL Congruence Theorem D. LL Congruence Theorem
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Equilateral triangles is equiangular.
B. The vertex angles of an isosceles triangle are equal.
C. The median of an isosceles triangle is also an altitude.
D. Equal chords of a circle are subtended by equal central angles.
For items 5 to 10:
Complete the proof. Choose the letter of the correct answer to fill the blank.
A. Definition of median H. MA=TA
B. Definition of angle bisector I. MH =TH
C. Definition of perpendicular bisector J. AH =AH
D. Reflexive Property of Equality K. ∆ MAH ≅ ∆ TAH
E. SSS Postulate L. m∠ MHA =m ∠ THA
F. SAS Postulate M. AH ⊥ MT
G. CPCTE N. m∠ MAH =m∠ TAH

A
Given: ∆ MAT is an isosceles triangle with base
MT .
AH is the median to MT .
Prove: AH is the perpendicular bisector of MT . M T
H
Proof:

Statements Reasons

∆ MAT is isosceles Given

AH is median.
MA=TA Definition of isosceles triangle
 MH =TH (5)

(6) Reflexive Property of Equality

5. ∆ MAH ≅ ∆ TAH (7)

6. m∠ MHA=m ∠THA (8)

(9) Equal Linear Pair Theorem

AH is the perpendicular (10)

bisector of MT .

Write score
here

Alternatively, you may answer these questions online!

Use this link on your smartphone, laptop, or desktop:
http://bit.ly/M8M2LETSEVAL
Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You may scan the QR
code at the left side. Make sure you are connected to the internet!
You will see your score after completing the test. Make sure to
screenshot your work as proof to your teacher then write your score
in the box.

Let’s Extend

Directions: Write your designs and answers in a separate sheet of paper.

Activity 4: Paper Planes
1. Design at most 5 different paper planes using congruent triangles.
2. Let it fly and record the flying time and compare which one is the most stable.
3. Point out the factors that affect the stability of the plane.
4. Explain why such principle works.
5. Draw out conclusion and make recommendations about the importance of
congruent triangles in making paper planes.

Activity 5: Draw Me!

Use compass and ruler to prove:

1. LL Congruence Theorem
2. LA Congruence Theorem
3. HA Congruence Theorem
4. HL Congruence Theorem
References
Coronel, Sr. I. C., & Coronel, A. C. (2013). Growing with Math 8. Quezon City: FNB
Educational, Inc.

Grade 8 Mathematics Learner’s Module and Teacher’s Guide (Module 7). DepEd (2013).

Oronce, O. A, & Mendoza, M. O. (2018). Exploring Math 8: Textbook. Manila: Rex Book
Store.

Oronce, O. A, & Mendoza, M. O. (2010). e-math 1, Rex Book Store

Oronce, O. A., Santos, G. N. C., & Ona, M. I. (2001). Mathematics II, Rex Book Store

Soledad Jose – Dilao, Ed. D.,Julieta g. Bernabe(2009) “Intermediate Algebra”

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rafael F. Mamansag Jr.
Editor:
Content Irene Santos, Ed.D.
Jacob M. Racelis
Narcisa M. Sta. Barbara
Jolie B. Cardozo
Language Gladysmie R. Rosario, Ed.D.
Reviewers: Jolie B. Cardozo
Narcisa M. Sta. Barbara
Mirasol Rongavilla – EPS Math
Jennica Alexis B. Sabado
Dr. Meleda Polita
Layout Artist: Jennica Alexis B. Sabado
Management Team: DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM, SDS
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON, SGOD Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA,CID Chief
MIRASOL I. RONGAVILLA , EPS – Mathematics
DR. DAISYL. MATAAC, EPS – LRMS/ALS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig City and Pateros Upper Bicutan, Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph