SIMPLE PAST
Sbj + V2
It snowed yesterday
Zehra watched television last night
At one particular time in the past, this happened. It
began and ended in the past
PAST PROGRESSIVE
Sbj + was + Ving
Mutlu was sleeping when I arrived
Mutlu went to sleep at 10:00 last night. I arrived at
11:00. He was still asleep. His sleep began before
and was in progress at a particular time in the past.
It continued after I arrived.
PAST PERFECT
Sbj + had + V3
Zehra had already eaten when Zeynep arrived
First Zeynep finished eating. Later Zehra arrived.
Zeynep's eating was completely finished before
another time in the past.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Sbj + had + been + V.ing
Zehra had been studying for 2 hours before Kubra
came
Event in progress: studying. Event in progress: studying.
When? Before another event in the past. How long? When? Before now, up to now.
For two hours. How long? For two hours.
SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE FUTURE
Sbj + Vs Sbj + will / to be going to + V1
It snows in Ankara It will snow tomorrow
Zeynep watches television everyday It is going to snow tomorrow
In general, the simple present expresses events or At one partucilar time in the future, this will happen.
situations that exist always, usually, habitually; tbey past
exist now, have existed in the past, and probably will
exist in the future.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
be + ...ing
Sbj + be + Ving Sbj + will be + Ving
Kubra is sleeping right now Mutlu will be sleeping when we arrive
It is now 11:00. Kubra went to sleep at 10:00 Mutlu will go to sleep at 10:00 tomorrow night. We
tonight, and he is still asleep. His sleep began in the will arrive at I l:00. The action of sleeping will begin
past, at progress at the present time, and probably before we arrive, and it will be in progress at a
will continue. partirular time in the future. Probably his sleep will
contrnue.
PRESENT PERFECT FUTURE PERFECT
have + … V.3
Sbj + have/has + V3 Sbj + will have + V3
Zeynep is already eaten Mutlu will already eaten when Zeynep arrives
Zeynep finished eating sometime before now. The First Mutlu will finish eating. Later Zeynep will arrive.
exact time is not important Mutlu's eating will be completely finished before
another time in the future.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
have + been + … V.ing
Sbj + have/has + been + V.ing Sbj + will have + been + V.ing
Zeynep has been eating for 2 hours Mutlu will have been studying for 2 hours by the
time Zeynep arrives
Event in progress: studying.
When? Before another eaent in the future.
How long? For two hours.