Class Introduction + Chronology

🟨 ABOUT THIS CLASS:

Quiz details:

Chronology questions

True false questions - getting the content

Short answer questions

Short quizzes

Essay questions are based off of bullet points on the course outline

You will have more than enough information to write the papers

* lectures are important

No content directly to the textbook, but not reading it is to a detriment of not understanding the information

Benefit read the chapter, come to class, do the worksheet → these things resonate

5 essays

2 unit exams

One midterm

One final

󾓧REFLECTION ON FRENCH REVOLUTION

Unending, 20 year of war all over France and all over Europe and spreading beyond Europe later

The ideas re-emerge in different parts of the world

these stories resonate beyond culture to an overarching study of history and learning of struggles
that still happen today

E.x. Napoleon became a prototype for the modern dictator

(overall) Failed revolution - Did not bring the peace, prosperity that the french believed they would receive once
they changed their constitution

Revolutionary, violent

Tearing down the histories of what france used to be

AMERICAN REVOLUTION (SUCCESS) VS FRENCH REVOLUTION

Same principles (democracy, enshrined rights, freedom of speech and association, property security/tax)

The American Revolution succeeded beyond its victory, it became a major superpower + attractive to
settlers

The Americans sent out a framework/convention on how to start a revolution

just because you have some ideas, you can’t just apply to different cultures and communities and expect it to
work - that’s what history tells us (we often have intentions, purposeful and well articulated, but they just don’t

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 work) → human beings are fallible + have a tendency to error

There was something that was going on to allow the americans to succeed, but not the french

⏱CHRONOLOGY:
Needs to know the basic order of events (ordering things through time to analyze what’s going on)

History at some level is about the cause and effects of things ⇒ knowing the unfolding of events and how
they relate to each other

WWI culminates all of the revolutions from French revolution → Napoleon → unification of Italy and Germany

1776 - American Revolution

1789 - French revolution began

1799 - Rise of Napolean
1861 - Italy unification
1867 - Canadian confederation

1871 - Germany unification

1914 - WWI began

📉TIMELINE:
**something is happening to give way to change which is promoting the birth of liberal democratic
government (emergence of liberal democracies)

Middle ages
1. 5-15 century (but there are some communities that didn't experience it around the same time)

2. Black death

3. Feudal period

4. Deeply religious - catholicism becomes a binding agent for many within europe

a. People were poor, a lot of people died

b. Religion was something that gave you purpose to carry on

Renaissance
1. 1300s - 1600s

2. Period of intellectual change

a. People are looking more closely to what they see

b. People are thinking for themselves, challenging authority

3. Specific to art revolution (depth, shadows, light, perspective)

4. Protestant reformation -

a. Martin Luther :

i. thought the catholic church was mistaken in how it was reading scripture (indulgences) (1517 - 1648)

Class Introduction + Chronology 2

 1. indulgence - belief that church was deceiving people for money

ii. wanted to reform the catholic church and fit what he interpreted the bible by encouraging others to read
the bible and agree with him

iii. People reading the bible gave way to multiple different interpretations

1. began destroying the unification of the catholic church by placing divisions in christianity

b. 30 years war (1618 - 1648)

i. effect - whatever religion the king/duke/governed area has, that’s the religion that we will have to tolerate
(not accept)

ii. gives national sovereignty (meaning the government of the people, no longer the pop dictating
how the king conducts himself/his country) - growing individual sovereignty and independence

1. EX Henry VIII - creating a head of the church so he can divorce + do what he wants

5. Glorious revolution (1688)

a. Aristocrats take over the king’s sovereignty and obtain the bill of rights

b. Put constraints on the king

6. Scientific revolution

a. Figuring out the natural world (in a scientific way)

7. Enlightenment

a. Developing human sciences (which are better understanding our society - philosophy but systems of
government in specifics)

i. Developing types of government to allow people to flourish

ii. Gave a playbook/ideas to put into action through revolutions

b. Fundamentally challenging the feudal system/political systems in favour of democratic and liberal
systems

📝ESSAYS:
Analysis vs storytelling

Why it happened instead of what happened

THIS TOPIC : Causes of french revolution:

The trick is to understand you’re not telling the story of something

Bring as many factors to explain the event as possible

Events are always multifaceted

There’s usually indicators along the way that things are changing - you’re either aware or blissfully
unaware

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