PRESENTATION OF

DATA
(TEXTUAL & TABULAR)
Unit 2::Chapter 5

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 What is meant by Presentation of Data?
The presentation of data means
exhibition of the data in such a
clear and attractive manner that
these are easily understood and
analysed.
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List out the various forms
of data presentation.
What are the
characteristics of a good
presentation?
There are many forms of data presentation, but can be
classified broadly into the following forms:
(i) Textual or Descriptive Presentation
(ii) Tabular Presentation
(iii) Diagrammatic Presentation
A good presentation should be:
 Useful as a supportive evidence
 Precise and clear
 Organised and systematic
 Textual Presentation

Presentation of Data

Tabular Presentation Graphical Presentation

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 TEXTUAL PRESENTATION
Suitable for a. Very small quantity of data
b. Data including only a few observations
c. Situations when any forms of tables or diagrams are not possible
EXAMPLES:
“In a class of 30 students, everyone passed with10% getting more than 90% marks,
additional 20% got distinction, and another 30% got I division marks.”
Out of the thousands of organisations relocating to India globally, 30% set up in Tamil
Nadu, 25% relocated to Gujarat, 15% relocated to Punjab, 10% to West Bengal, 8% to
Bihar and 3% each to Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka & Odisha.
DRAWBACKS:
a. Not suitable for data more than a handful few
b. Not possible when comparative data is required for presentation
c. Need to go through the entire text to comprehend the full implications
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 TABULAR PRESENTATION
What is a Statistical Table? Describe its various components with an illustration.

A statistical Table is a systematic organisation of data in columns and rows. (Neiswanger)

Data are presented in rows (read horizontally ═) and columns (read vertically ││)
The principal components of a table are:
i. Table Number: Tables must be numbered (e.g. 1, 2,3 … or a, b, c, …, etc.)
ii. Title: All tables must have a title. The title should be clear, simple, clear, short and prominent. It should:
a. Show the problem under consideration
b. The time period of the study
c. Location of study
d. Nature of classification of data
iii. Head Note: A supplementary note to further provide clarity to the title of the table and is preferably in
brackets
iv. Stubs: The title of the rows in a table are referred to as Stubs
v. Caption: The title of the columns in a table are referred to as Captions. It can have sub-heads to show more
information (e.g. Areas can be further divided into Urban and Rural)
vi. Body or Field: Body is the most important part of the table and shows each item of the table. Each item of the
body is called “Cell”.
vii. Source: Source/ sources of the data is specified at the end and is generally used for secondary data with all
relevant information from where the data was collected.
viii. Footnotes: Used for providing more information and appears at the bottom of the table
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SUJATA.ECONOMICS
 Census of India 2011 reported that
in the state of Bihar:
 Total literacy rate was 61.80%
 71.20% of males were literate
 51.50% of females were literate
 69.67% literate males resided in
rural areas, whereas
corresponding figure for females
was 44.30%
 82.56% literate males resided in
urban areas, whereas
corresponding figure for females
was 61.95%
 Also, the overall literacy was
59.78% in rural areas and 76.86%
in urban areas.

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