TASK 3

SOCIAL PATHOLOGY AND CRIMINOLOGY

“SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION AND SOCIAL DEVIANCE”

Lecturer Courses :
Prof. Dr. Firman, M.S., Kons.
Nilma Zola, M.Pd., Kons

Rahma Putri Karlin

19006036

DEPARTEMENT OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

FACULTY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
2022
A. Social Differentiation
According to Vembriarto (in Mudjiran, 2002: 9) differentiation is behavior that is
different from general behavior (deviations) is individual. In essence, there are no levels in the
differentiation, but what distinguishes one individual from another is something that he has
usually brought with him from birth. Social differentiation is a person's difference that can be
seen from:
a. Race Differentiation
Racial divisions are distinguished by the same physical properties that decrease. In
outline, the physical signs used to classify race are :
• Body shape
• Head Shape
• Shape of the face and lower jaw bones.
• Nose Shape.
• Skin Color, Hair Color, and Mataf Color.
The shape of the hair race in Indonesia, among others, is as follows:
• Melanesoid race (Melanesian Negro) The ethnic groups of this race are the people
of Papua and the people of Maluku.
• The Malay Mongoloid Race The ethnic groups in the western and central parts of
Indonesia belong to the Malay Mongoloid race.
• Groups of Residents of Foreign Descent Race who are included in this group,
namely the Chinese who belong to the main Mongolian race as well as people of
Arab, Pakistani and Indian descent.
b. Religious Differentiation
Freedom to adhere to a religion or belief in God Almighty is regulated in Article
29 of the 1945 Constitution. In Indonesia, there must not be anti-religious attitudes and
actions, nor can there be beliefs that negate God Almighty. It should be remembered that
Indonesia is not a religious country. That is, Indonesia is not a country that is based on a
particular religion. Freedom to embrace religion is the most fundamental right because
freedom of religion in Indonesia must be respected. In this way, harmony will be built
between people.
 c. Gender Differentiation
In a family, a man acts as the head of the family, while a woman acts as a housewife.
A family head is required to earn a living, love his wife's children, and be responsible for
children's education. A woman as a housewife helps her husband raise children and prepare
for family needs such as eating and drinking.
d. Differentiation or Professional Differences
Society can be divided into social layers based on the size of knowledge, wealth,
rank, power and honor. This size is not absolute, but there are still other sizes that can be
used. The size is based on the differentiation of each profession. There are those who have
professions as teachers, military, farmers, traders, and service industries according to their
respective talents and expertise.
e. Clan differentiation
Clan is part of an ethnic group, which is the smallest unit of unitary relatives.
Communities that are related by blood are influenced by very strong blood ties, while
communities that are different from territorial factors are almost invisible.
Each person feels there is a blood relation between one another because they feel
one descendant. Likewise, the continuity of rights and obligations is taken care of in a
group whose members are determined based on male lineage.
f. Ethnic Differentiation
The territory of Indonesia is in the form of an archipelago. This situation causes
differences in art, ethnicity, regional languages, customs, and cultural elements. We know
the ethnic groups of Aceh, Minangkabau, Banjar, Dayak, Toraja, Sundanese, Javanese,
Balinese, Maluku and Papua. We also know regional languages, including Aceh, Dayak,
Bugis, Batak, Minangkabau, Toraja, Sundanese, Javanese, Balinese and Sasak.

B. Social Deviation
Social deviation is behavior that deviates from central tendencies or the average
characteristic traits of most people (deviation from social groups).
Deviation itself has a relative and hypocritical nature. Relative, namely between one
community and another is not the same. For example, community A considers the behavior of
spitting to be a deviation, but it is not certain that society B or C considers this behavior a
deviation. Meanwhile, hypocrites, namely people who commit deviations or people who are
deviant, always try to cover up their deviant behavior, or always try to rationalize their
circumstances or conditions in the general public.
Deviance is a form of behavior pattern that is not in accordance with the values and
norms that exist in society. This deviant behavior can be classified into two, namely:
a. Demographic Differentiation
This problem is viewed from the demographic differences of these deviant classes
or nations. For example: isolated ethnic groups in underdeveloped areas.
b. Biological differentiation
This deviation is reviewed according to the biological characteristics of each
individual. For example: skin color, certain signs that are present from birth or physical
defects caused by accidents or diseases that damage the body's mechanisms and behavior.
This physical disability causes certain perceptions and behavioral responses to
become obstructed or no longer function. It all depends on the nature and severity of the
structural damage. Behavior becomes very different from the behavior of most people and
the person concerned is hampered in carrying out his social role (Kartini, 2011: 12).
Normal behavior is appropriate, appropriate behavior that can be accepted by the
general public. Normal behavior usually shows the following characteristics: His physical life
is stable, that is, he doesn't harbor much internal conflict or inner conflict and conflict with his
environment or in other words his mind is calm and his body feels always healthy.
Abnormal behavior (deviation) is behavior that is unacceptable to society in general
and is not in harmony with the norms. As for the characteristics of people who have abnormal
behavior such as their life is separated from the life of society, they often suffer from inner
conflict and are not infrequently plagued by mental disorders.
Aspects of deviant behavior can be divided into:
a. Outward aspects that can be clearly observed can be distinguished into two types, namely:
a) Deviation outwardly in the form of verbal This can be in the form of indecent and
obscene words, swearing, dialect in politics and the world of crime. For example rabbits
for people who can be used as prey.
 b) Deviations outwardly non-verbal All non-verbal behavior that is clearly visible. For
example smoking marijuana.

b. The inner aspect (hidden symbolic aspect), includes life attitudes, emotions, injections and
motivations that develop deviant behavior, namely in the form of the deepest hidden
thoughts or in the form of criminal bonds behind all these criminal actions and deviant
behavior.
Deviation according to function is distinguished by:
a. Individual Deviation
This deviation originates from the factors contained in the individual. For example:
a wonderful child.
b. Situational Deviation
Deviation which is a function of the influence of situational forces outside the
individual or in situations where the individual is an integral part. For example: because of
hunger people are forced to steal.
c. Systematic Deviation
Systematic deviation is a system of behavior accompanied by special social
organization, formal status, ideas about certain values, national feelings, norms and morals
that are different from the general situation. All thoughts and actions that deviate from the
general norm are rationalized or justified by all members of the group with the deviant
pattern, so that deviations in behavior (deviations) turn into organized deviations or
systematic deviations. For example: mafia gangs.
 REFERENCES

Kartini, K. 2011. Patologi Sosial . Jakarta: Rajawali Press.

Mudjiran. 2002. Patologi Sosial. Padang: BK FIP UNP

Waluya, Bagja. 2009. Sosiologi Menyelami Fenomena Sosial di Masyarakat kelas XI. Jakarta:
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.