1.

The data provided in Table 1 were collected to investigate the growth of plants in light and
dark conditions, and to make comparisons with the growth patterns in humans.

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(a) On the grid provided below, plot the data obtained for both plants on the same graph, using
appropriate scales and legends

(b) (i) Describe the pattern of growth obtained for EACH plant.
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(2 marks)

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(ii) Explain the differences observed in the growth of the plants under these two conditions (light
and dark).
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(4 marks)

(c) (Complete the following definition for ‘growth’ by writing the correct words from the list in
brackets. (transient, temporary, mass, permanent, organs)

Growth may be defined as a _____________________ increase in the _________________ and

volume of an organism when food is absorbed and converted to living matter.

(2 marks)

(d) Suggest why the measurements of length taken for the plants are incomplete, UNLIKE the
measurements taken for a baby.

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(1 mark)

(e) Suggest TWO ways in which this experiment could be refined to obtain more accurate data
for measuring growth

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(2 marks)

(f) Describe ONE way in which the pattern of growth in plants differs from the pattern of growth
in animals

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(2 marks)

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(g) (i) Describe an experiment to demonstrate the response of plants exposed to light on one side
only
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(2 marks)

(ii) How does this response to light benefit plants in a forest?

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(1 mark)

(iii) Explain how and why the response of invertebrates (like earthworms) to light differs from
that shown by plants.

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(3 marks)

(h) State ONE role that light plays in human growth and development.

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(1 mark)

Total 25 marks

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2. (a) Figure 1 is a diagram of a nephron found in a human kidney.

Figure 1. Diagram of a nephron

(i) Identify the structures labelled A, B and C in Figure 7 and briefly describe the process
that takes place in EACH of these structures.

A ___________________________________________________________________

Process______________________________________________________________

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B __________________________________________________________________

Process______________________________________________________________

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C___________________________________________________________________

Process
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(6 marks)

(ii) Name the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland when there is NOT enough water
in body cells.
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(1 mark)

(iii) Explain why the composition of urine produced at X would differ in someone who
drank a lot of water compared to someone who had no water to drink for over 24
hours.
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(4 marks)

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(b) Table 2 shows a comparison of the substances found in the urine of a healthy person and that
of someone who is diabetic

TABLE 2: COMPOSITION OF URINE OF A HEALTHY PERSON AND OF A DIABETIC

PERSON

(i) Explain why there is glucose in the urine of the diabetic person, assuming that the
kidneys are functioning properly.
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(2 marks)

(ii) List two substances that can be found in the dialysis solution
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(2 marks)
Total 15 marks

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3. (a) The following chemical equation for photosynthesis represents the reactants used and the
products formed. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6 H12 O2 + 6O2

(i) Name TWO conditions, which are NOT shown in the equation, that are essential for this
process.
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(2 marks)
(ii) Name the gas given off in this process and state which of the reactants produce this gas.

Gas ___________________________________________________________________

Reactant _______________________________________________________________

(2 marks)
(iii)Explain TWO ways in which plants utilize the glucose produced during this process.
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(4 marks)
(iv) State THREE environmental factors which affect photosynthesis.
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(3 marks)

(b) Unlike plants, animals are unable to synthesize glucose. A boy eats a meal of cassava.
Explain how his body converts the starch in the cassava to glucose. Name the organs and the
enzymes involved in this process

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4 marks

Total 15 mark

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 SECTION B

Answer ALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

4. (a) In the box below, draw a labelled diagram of the female reproductive system, and using an
arrow, trace the path that a spermatozoon would have to take to fertilize an ovum.

(6 marks)

(b) A young couple wants to choose between two contraceptive methods — barrier or surgical.
Discuss why the male may prefer the barrier method rather than the surgical method of
contraception. Your answer should include TWO advantages of the barrier method and THREE
disadvantages of the surgical method.

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(5 marks)

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(c) A biologist discovers that the flowers of a species of plants have no male reproductive parts.
Suggest ONE method by which these plants produce offspring, and THREE advantages of this
method.

Method ______________________________________________________________________

Advantages____________________________________________________________________
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(4 marks)

Total 15 marks

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5. (a) (i) Distinguish between a community and a habitat.

(ii) Describe TWO types of feeding relationships that exist in an ecosystem and give an example
of EACH type.

(iii) Construct a food web which describes the trophic relationship among four organisms in a
community.

(9 marks)

(b) The earth’s climate has warmed considerably over the past few decades. Using TWO
examples, explain how global warming may lead to an increase in infectious diseases within the
Caribbean region.

(6 marks)

(Total 15 marks)

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6.

(a) Distinguish between the following pairs of terms:

(i) Allele and gene
(ii) Phenotype and genotype
(iii) Dominant and recessive
(6 marks)

(b) Black fur colour is controlled by a dominant allele, B, and brown fur colour by its
recessive allele, E. This characteristic is NOT sex-linked. Give the genotypes of the
parents and offspring of a cross between a black male and a brown female that produces
½ black offspring and ½ brown offspring. Show all the steps in the working of this
problem.
(5 marks)
(c) Haemophilia is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. Two parents with the normal
phenotype have a haemophiliac child. Use a genetic diagram to show how this is
possible. (XH = normal; Xh = gene for haemophilia)

(4 marks)

(Total 15 marks)

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