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10
RATES OF REACTION
Collision theory
Rate equation
A rate equation shows the effect of concentration of the reactants to the
initial rate of reaction.
Orders of reaction (shows how the initial rate is affected by any one
particular reactant)
Unit 1 Mod 2 Rates of Reaction page 2 of
10
Zero order implies that the rate of reaction is not affected by concentration. i.e.
the rate does NOT change even if the concentration increases or decreases.
First order implies that the rate of reaction increases proportionally with the
change in concentration. e.g. if concentration of a reactant doubles, the rate
ALSO DOUBLES, if the concentration triples, the rate ALSO TRIPLES etc
Second order implies that the rate of reaction increases with the SQUARE of
the change in concentration i.e. if the concentration doubles, the rate
QUADRUPLES, if the concentration triples, the rate increase NINE FOLD.
You also need to know both zero AND first order reactions using
concentration vs time graphs.
Method 1
2 n
=8
1 2
2n = 4
n = log 4
log 2
n=2
Method 2
As [B] doubles, the initial rate increases 4 fold, therefore rate increase
with the SQUARE of the change in concentration i.e. 2nd order therefore
n=2
Method 1
Unit 1 Mod 2 Rates of Reaction page 4 of
10
Order of Reaction = Initial Rate 5
Initial Rate 4
m
Conc. A at Rate 5 = Initial Rate 5
Conc. A at Rate 4 Initial Rate 4
2 m
= 72
1 36
2m = 2
m = log 2
log 2
m=1
Method 2
18 =k=4
0.5 x 9
To determine the units of k 🡺 mol dm-3 s-1 = k x mol dm-3 x (mol dm-3)2
R =4 [ 2]1[4]2
R = 128 moldm-3s-1
Checkpoint A
…………………………………….
c) Calculate the value of the rate constant and its units [2]
d) If an experiment was conducted with the [A] as 0.4 and the [B] as 0.3,
calculate the initial rate of the reaction. [1]
……………………………………………………………
CHECKPOINT B
a) Use the data on the left to determine the order of reaction with respect
to i) S2O82- and ii ) I-
b) The total order of reaction
c) the rate equation for the reaction
Half-life
The time taken for a reaction to go to half completion, it is called the
half-life. First order reactions have CONSTANT half lives.
Unit 1 Mod 2 Rates of Reaction page 8 of
10
equation (1) kt = ln (A0 / A) The decay of
equation (2) kt1/2 = 0.693 radioactive isotopes is
a first order reaction
k = rate constant
t = time
A0 = initial concentration or original percentage (usually 100%)
A = current concentration or current percentage
t1/2 = time of half life
The half life of radium is 1590 years. How long will it take for a sample
of radium to decay to 10% of its original radioactivity?
Checkpoint C