Tools For Monitoring Hydrometeorological Hazard Maps in the Philippines

A. Temperature

Tools for Monitoring Hydro Meteorological Hazard Maps in

A.1 Thermometer A thermometer measures the degree of hotness or coldness of a given substance.

A.2 Maximum-Minimum Thermometer

Temperature refers to the degree of hotness and coldness. It is measured using the maximum &
minimum thermometer. The unit of measurement is usually in degree Celsius/centigrade.

A.3 Thermograph

A thermograph is an instrument that records air temperature continuously on graphing paper. It usually
consists of a cylinder made to revolve once each week by means of clockworks inside.

B. Atmospheric Pressure

B.1 Mercurial Barometer

A mercurial barometer is a simple barometer made by filling a glass tube 32 inches long with mercury
and inverting it so that the open end of the tube is below the surface of mercury in a cistern.

B.2 Aneroid Barometer

An aneroid barometer is made by removing the air from a thin, circular, metallic box. With practically no
air on the inside the box would collapse.

B.3 Barograph

A barograph is a recording barometer. The pen point that traces the pressure curve on the paper is
made to move up or down by means of a series of levers attached to aneroid cells (metallic boxes) in
tandem.

C. Atmospheric Humidity

C.1 Sling Psychrometer

It is used to measure both the dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures at time. These temperatures are a
measure of humidity content in air.

C.2 Hygrometer
It is an instrument used to measure the amount of water vapor in air, in soil, or in confined spaces.
Humidity measurement instruments usually rely on measurements of some other quantities such as
temperature, pressure, mass, a mechanical or electrical change in a substance as moisture is absorbed.

C.3 Hygrothermograph

The Hygrothermograph records both relative humidity and temperature on graph paper in the same
thermograph and barograph do.

D.Precipitation

D.1 8-inch Rain gauge

An 8-INCH RAINGAUGE, so called because the inside diameter of the collector is exactly 8 inches above a
funnel that conducts rain into a cylindrical measuring tube or receiver. The volume of the collector is 10
times the volume of the measuring tube. Therefore, the actual depth of rainfall is increased ten times on
being collected in the smaller measuring tube.

D.2 Tipping Bucket Rain gauge

The tipping-bucket rain gauge is a type of rainfall recording instrument. It is an upright cylinder that has
funnel-shaped collector.

E. Clouds

E.1 Ceiling Light Projector

A ceiling light projector projects vertically a narrow beam of light on to a cloud base.

E.2 Ceiling Balloon

Another way of determining the height of the cloud base is by using a ceiling balloon. A ceiling balloon is
a meteorological balloon whose rate of ascent has been predetermined.

F. Special Instruments

F.1 Pilot Balloon/Theodolite

A Pilot Balloon is a meteorological balloon that is filled with gas lighter than air. When the pilot balloon
is used in conjunction with a theodolite it is used to determine the speed and direction of winds at
different levels of the atmosphere.

F.2 Radiosonde

Radiosonde, an airborne instrument used for measuring pressure, temperature and relative humidity in
the upper air is the radiosonde.

F.3 Rawin (Radio/Wind)

Another special instrument is the Rawin which is short for Radar and Wind. It is an electronic device that
measures pressure, temperature and humidity. In other words, it is a method of observation of upper-
air winds conducted by means of a weather balloon tracked by radar or a radio direction finder.

F.4 Wind Finding Radar

Another instrument is the Wind Finding Radar. It determines the speed and direction of winds aloft by
means of radar echoes. A radar target is attached to a balloon and it is this target that is tracked by
ground radar. The bearing and time of interval of the echoes is evaluated by a receiver.

F.5 Weather Surveillance Radar

A Weather Surveillance Radar is of the long range type which detects and tracks typhoons and cloud
masses at distance of 400 kilometers or less.