Life processes (respiration and

Unit B2A
transport across cells)

Target as a
Target Notes
question
What is the
2.15 understand definition of The net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to low
the processes of diffusion? concentration.
diffusion, osmosis
and active What is the The net movement of water from a region of high water potential to low water
transport by definition of potential across a partially permeable membrane.
which substances osmosis?
move into and The movement of particles from a region of low concentration to high concentration
out of cells What is the against a concentration gradient. This requires energy fro respiration and special carrier
definition of active proteins
trasport?
2.16 understand
how factors that
affect the rate of
movement of
substances into Name three factors
and out of cells, which will increase High temperature
to include the the rate of High concentration gradient
effects of surface movement of High surface area to volume ratio
area to volume substances into / …all increase the speed of diffusion.
ratio, distance, out of cells.
temperature and
concentration
gradient

2.17 investigate Clearly state the:

diffusion and  Independent
osmosis using  Dependent
living and non-  Control
living systems variables
 Expected
results

 Independent variable: volume of cube.

 Dependent variable: Time taken for agar cube to go from purple to colourless.
 Control variables: temperature, concentration of acid, type of acid, concentration
of potassium permanganate in cubes.
 Expected results: The smallest block has the greatest surface area to volume ratio
and so turns transparent the fastest.
  Independent variable: type of solution.
 Dependent variable: Appearance of cells – plasmolysed or turgid
 Control variables: Type of onion cell, age of onion, source of cells.
 Expected results: In a concentrated solution the cells turn plasmolysed, in distilled
water the cells go turgid.

Do single celled
organisms have a
2.51 understand
small or large
why simple,
surface area to
unicellular
volume ratio?
organisms can
rely on diffusion
Why does this
for movement of
mean that small
substances in and
organisms do not
out of the cell
need a circulatory
or breathing
system?
What does a
transport system
2.52 understand
carry to/from cells?
the need for a
transport system
What would
in multicellular
happen if there was
organisms
no transport
system?
2.34 understand What is the Releases energy from glucose so that it can be used by the cell.
how the process function of
of respiration respiration? Examples of uses include cell division, active transport, building large molecules,
releases energy contraction of muscle cells.
in living
organisms
2.35 know that Give three uses for
ATP provides the energy released
energy for cells in respiration.

2.36 describe the

Name three
differences  Aerobic releases more energy than anaerobic
differences
between aerobic  Aerobic requires oxygen, anaerobic does not.
between aerobic
and anaerobic  Aerobic releases carbon dioxide and water, anaerobic has other products e.g.
and anaerobic
respiration lactic acid in animals and ethanol in yeast.
respiration.

Write the word

2.37 know the equation for
word equation respiration.
and the balanced
chemical symbol Write the balanced
equation for chemical symbol
aerobic equation for Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY.
respiration in respiration.
living organisms C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY.
Write the word
equation for Glucose  ethanol + carbon dioxide + SOME ENERGY
2.38 know the anaerobic
word equation respiration in plants Glucose  lactic acid + SOME ENERGY
for anaerobic and fungi (yeast)
respiration in
plants and in Write the word
animals equation for
anerobic respiration
in animals
Clearly state the:
2.39 investigate  Independent
the evolution of  Dependent
carbon dioxide  Control
and heat from variables
respiring seeds or Expected results
other suitable
living organisms

 Independent variable: Presence of organism or not.

 Dependent variable: Production of carbon dioxide
 Control variables: Volume of hydrogen carbonate, volume of hydrogen carbonate,
size of test tube.
 Expected results: When the organism is present the indicator turns yellow showing
that carbon dioxide is released. The indicator stays red in the control experiment.
 Independent variable: Dead (boiled) peas or live germinating peas.
 Dependent variable: Production heat energy
 Control variables: Number of peas, type of peas, size of vacuum flask, disinfectant
treatment.
 Expected result: Heat is released from the respiring peas but not the dead peas.