The Teacher and The Community, School Culture and Pre – Colonial Period were given vocational training
given vocational training for them to be
Organizational Leadership
John Locke – empiricist educator
George Count – building a new social order
Herbert Spencer – survival of the fittest
Anticipatory Learning – prepares us for future roles
Socialization – individuals internalize the norms and values of society
Brigada Eskwela – engages all education stakeholders to contribute their
time and effort
Work Experience Program – business establishments and offices in the
community can serve as training ground for learner
Youth Development Program – to develop their skills and knowledge
Functionalism – that focuses on the structure that create the society and
how the society is able to remain stable
Conflict Theory – welcomes conflict for conflict paves the way to change,
for the establishment for a new society
Symbolic Interactionist Theory – focused on individuals who act based on
meaning which is based on the individual experience
Critical Pedagogy – education is a social activity and the school is the
social agency that helps shape human character and behavior.
Empiricist – learning by doing and interacting with the environment
Social Reconstructionism – emphasize the reformation of society.
Disadvantage of Banking Method
- It does not make learner reflect and connect what she was
taught in real life.
According to John Dewey the school that introduce and trains child of
society into membership within such a little into community.
Americans taught Filipino to citizenship into democratic country.
Studying of History of Education; except one is the educational issues
and problems are often rooted in the past.
good father and mothers.
Spanish Period – schools are focused on the religious formation.
- It is also have an access to education was the establishment
of at least one primary schools for boys and girls.
- Conflict Theory welcomes conflict for that is a way to the
establishment of a new society.
- Symbolic interactionist theory is focused on the individuals
who act based on meaning which is based on the individual
experience.
- An individual’s action depends on meaning means we act
based on the meaning we give to symbols.
- Unequal groups according to conflict theorists causing them
to compete against one another.
- The idea of Social Reconstructionist is:
1. A philosophy that emphasizes the reformation of society.
2. Education is designed “to awaken students’ consciousness
about social problems and to engage them in problem
solving.
- This statement is FALSE about Social Reconstructionist – it
is the study of great books.
Rote Memorization – is the teaching practice that goes the” banking
system” of Paulo Freire
Herbert Spencer – utilitarian education means educational goals
associated with humanistic and classical education.
Primitive Society – survival against natural forces were taught so that
survival skills and values to cultivate group cohesiveness.
- If education is a function of society, then it has to be free
- Education is a function of society which means that citizens
are taught what society considered most important and
Society determine curriculum to be taught.
Socialization – learning the roles, statuses and values necessary for
participation in society.
Functionalist Theory applies that schools must do their part to socialize
children or else children will turn into delinquent citizens
Psychological and Emotional Violence – use of threats and causes fear in
individual.
The Contemporary World
These three facets of globalization emphasize the unpresented line-up and
complexity of relationship that confront the contemporary society.
Proximity – function of “shrinking globe” is partly a matter of time, as
today’s telecommunications technology allows people around the world to
shape the voice, video, and fascinate information in minutes.
Location – location and integration of an organization operation across
several international boundaries is part of globalization.
Attitude – may refer to the international marketplace.
How Government Influence Competitiveness?
Competitiveness – refer to the relative standing of one competitor against
other competitor.
Economic Globalization – measures long distance flow of goods, capital,
and services.
Social Globalization – measures the spread of ideas, information, images,
and people.
Political Globalization – measures the diffusion of government policies in
terms of number of embassies and consulates.
Global Economy – various countries are more interconnected from
extraction, production, distribution, consumption, to disposal of goods
and services.
International Financial Institutions
Global International Institutions that support a country economic growth
through support through government and private sectors.
International Monetary Fund – promotes monetary cooperation and
exchange stability to foster economic growth and high employment.
Global Civil Society – a system of non-government institutions that
operate across geographical borders and organize and mobilize for a
common issue or cause.
Global Cooperation – an enterprise that engages in activities which add
value more than one country.
World System – recognize that social and economic change is not only
endogenous to a country but is affected by its action.
Economic Integration – process of combining or increasing the
interconnectivity of national economies.
Multinational Corporation – is a business organization whose activities
are located in more than two countries
North Atlantic Treaty – that provides that an armed attack against one or
more NATO’s member nations shall be considered as an attack against
them all.
Modern World System
- Is a capitalist world economy which is the geohistorical
system in which we live.
- It is divided into three the core, semi-periphery, and
periphery.
- The core is the center of economic activities where most of
the population lives and economic institutions and services
are based
- Raw materials and productions can be found in the
periphery
- The semi-periphery areas serve as distributors or add value
to the raw materials to pass to the core areas.
Economic Globalization and Global Trade – refer to the increasing
interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing scale cross
borders trade of commodities and services.
Two Types of Economies
Protectionism – protecting one’s economy from foreign competition by
creating trade barriers.
Trade Globalization – reducing the trade barriers to make easier between
countries.
Economic Globalization and Sustainable Development
- Sustainable Development is defined as “Development that
needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generator to meet their own needs.”
Environmental Degradation – the distinctive nature of the present
environmental problems is that they are caused more by anthropogenic
than natural phenomena.
Food Security – defined when all people, at all times, have physical and
economic access to sufficient and safe and nutritious food.
Globalization and Inequality – these differences mainly reflect one key
aspect of inequality in the contemporary world global economic
inequality.
Theories of Global Stratification – this theory frames global stratification
as a function of technological and cultural differences between nation.
Modernization Theory – low-income countries are affected by their lack
of industrialization.
- An adjustment of cultural values and attitudes to work.
Four Stage of Modernization
Traditional Stage – society that are structured among small, local
communities with production being done in family settings.
Take-off Stage – people begin use their individual talents to produce
things beyond necessities.
Technological Maturity – technological growth of the earlier period
begins to bear fruit in the form of population growth.
High Mass Competition – it is when your country is big enough that
production becomes more about want then needs.
Market Integration – is when prices among different locations or related
goods follow similar patterns over a long period of time.
Capitalism and Socialism – two competing economic models that sprung
up around time of the industrial revolution.
Adam Smith – he is incentivized to be more efficient by improving the
quality of one’s product and reducing its prices.
Karl Marx – wrote the “socialism”, he viewed it as a stepping stone
towards communism.
Global Corporation – there is not a single country that is completely
independent. All are dependent to some degree on international trade for
their own prosperity without an international trade.
Global Interstate System - It is the whole system of human interaction like
modern word system is structured politically as an interstate system.
The Treaty of Wesphalia of 1648
Established the nation of the nation-state and the idea of strategy of state
of sovereignty.
Global Governance in the Twenty First Century 
- Must be the declining power of nation state.  
- The vast flows of all sorts of things that run into and often
right through the borders of nation states.
Effects of Globalization to Governments 
One of the key concepts of state sovereignty is the government. It is the
group of people who have the ultimate authority to act on behalf of a
state.
Traditional Challenges
External Intervention - can generally be described an invasion by other
countries.
Internal Political Challenges - it can be defined in various way but
basically relates to the action and behavior of those competing for status
or power in the workplace.
Challenges from National/Identity Movements
- It is important to know that a nation has cultural identity that
people attached to while a state is a define entity due to its
specific boundaries however, different people with different
identities can live in different state.
Global Economics - Demands the states to conform to the rules of free
market capitalism.
Neoliberal Economics – focuses on the free trade and dismantling trade
barriers.
Global Social Movements - are movements of people that are spontaneous
or the emerge through enormous grass root organization.
The Relevance of the State and Globalization
- The state is a distinctive political community with its own set
of rules and practices and that is more or less separate from
other communities.
People - this population does not refer to a nomadic people that
move from one place to another in an indefinite time.
Territory - permanent presence location, it has clear boundaries and
effectively controlled by the third element which is government.
Government – regulates relations among its own people and with
other states.
Sovereignty - control over its internal and foreign affairs, independent
from other state.
Peace Treaties and Military Alliances
Global politics entails relationship of countries and different
governments and non-governments organization.
United nation (UN) is one of the leading political organization in the
world where nation-states meet and deliberate.
Global Economic Associations
WTO - It is made-up of 162 countries around the world and was created
with the goal increasing free trade.
NAFTA - This Economic treaty between United States Canada and
Mexico in which the countries trade freely without taxing each other.
Globalization and Globalism
Global – refers to the network of connections that transcends distance of
different countries in the world.
Globalization – the speed in which they become linked in with one
another.
- The difference between globalism and globalization is the
speed and thickness or intensity of connection nevertheless
people are connected with one another weather a small
community or as large country.  themselves as well as with parts of Europe and Africa.
Informationalism - technological paradigm associated with computer
science and modern telecommunication that replaces industrialism.
Global Citizenship
Citizenship - is associated with rights an obligation for instance the right
to vote and obligation to pay taxes.
Global Divides
Global Divide – global disparities, often due to stratification due to
differing economic affluence but can also be in aspect of globalization.
Global North – refer to the countries that are geographically in the
Northern hemisphere or to countries that are developed.
Global South – refer to the countries that are geographically in the APEC's 21 members aim to create greater prosperity for the people of the
Southern hemisphere or to countries that are developing. region by promoting balanced, inclusive, sustainable, innovative and
secure growth and by accelerating regional economic integration.
Social Stratification -the phenomenon of segregating, grouping, and
ranking people based on different class, race, economic, status, etc.. EAS: East Asian Summit
Dependency Theory – suggests that countries are either core, peripheral. The East Asia Summit is a unique Leaders-led forum of 18 countries of
the Asia-Pacific Region
Third World – term used to refer the poor world.
It is formed to further the objectives of regional peace, security, and
Brandt Report – a comprehensive analysis. prosperity.
Brandt Line – an imaginary line that divides the world into north and Global Media Culture – explores the relationship between media, culture
south. and globalization.
Brandt Equation – describing the new global economy as facing - Includes all forms of mass communication that reach every
“financial contagion” and requiring “major international relief program” corner across the globe.
Asian Regionalism Roles of Media in Globalization
Regionalism - A political ideology that favors a specific region over a 1. Media play a key role in enhancing globalization.
greater area. 2. Plays an important role in facilitating cultural exchange
flows of information.
Regionalization - A PROCESS OF DIVIDING AN AREA INTO SMALLER 3. Provides public knowledge.
SEGMENTS CALLED REGIONS 4. Help to understand each country’s identity.
5. Play an important role in developing countries.
Globalization - A PROCESS BY WHICH PEOPLE OF THE WORLD ARE
UNIFIED INTO A SINGLE SOCIETY AND FUNCTION TOGETHER
Evolution of Media in Globalization
Asia is the largest and most populated continent in the world.
Five time periods usefully capture the study of globalization and media:
Factors Leading to Greater Integration
1. Oral Communication
2. Script
Trade - In ancient times, regions of Asia had commercial relations among
3. Printing Press
4. Electronic Media
5. Digital Media
Similar Culture - The culture of Asia is diverse but they do share many
things.
Common Goals - The Asian region recognize the mutual benefits of a
slow integration.
Asian Regional Organizations
1. ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations
A regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten Southeast
Asian countries which seeks to promote intergovernmental cooperation
and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational and
socio- cultural integration amongst its members and other Asian countries,
as well with the rest of the world.
APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation