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Parallel and Distributed Computing BSCS-7A/B, Spring 2023

High Performance Computing

1. Answer the following using https://www.top500.org/ as reference:

A. Find world’s fastest supercomputer along with its complete specification.
Manufacturer HPE
Cores per socket 8,730,112
Memory
Processor AMD Optimized 3rd Generation
EPYC 64C 2GHz
Interconnect Slingshot-11
Performance
Linpack Performance (Rmax) 1,102.00 PFlop/s
Theoretical Peak (Rpeak) 1,685.65 PFlop/s
Nmax 24,440,832
HPCG [TFlop/s] 14,054.0

Power Consumption
Power 21,100.00 kW (Submitted)
Power Measurement Level 3
Software
Operating System HPE Cray OS
Compiler

B. List top 10 manufacturers of supercomputers.

1. Lenovo
2. Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)
3. Inspur
4. Cray Inc. (now part of Hewlett Packard Enterprise)
5. Sugon
6. Atos (Bull)
7. Fujitsu
8. Dell EMC
9. IBM
10. NEC
 C. Tabulate the specifications of top 10 fastest supercomputers.
Rank Company Manufacturer Location Cores Rmax Rpeak Power
(TFlop/s) (TFlop/s)
1 Fujitsu & RIKEN Fujitsu Japan 7,630,848 442.0 513.8 28,000
2 IBM Summit United 2,414,592 148.8 200.8 10,096
States
3 IBM United 1,572,480 94.6 125.7 7,438
Sierra States

4 NRCPC Sunway China 10,649,600 93.0 125.4 15,371

TaihuLight
5 HPE Perlmutter United 1,572,480 64.6 100.0 4,321
States
6 NVIDIA Selene United 2,352,000 63.4 63.4 4,372
States
7 NRCPC Tianhe-2A China 4,981,760 61.4 100.0 17,808
8 HPE HPC5 Italy 1,833,280 35.5 51.7 2,204
9 IBM JUWELS Germany 9,638,400 44.1 70.2 2,020
Booster
10 Dell EMC Frontera United 448,448 23.5 38.7 6,000
States
2. If today’s workstations execute at operations per second, and performance
increases at a rate of 20 percent per year, how long will it be before we have
workstations capable of operations per second? operations per second?

Let's call the current number of operations per second for workstations "x", and the target
number of operations per second "y". We know that performance increases at a rate of 20
percent per year.
So, the number of operations per second in t years can be expressed as:
x * (1.2)^t
We want to find out how long it will take for the number of operations per second to reach the
target value of "y". So we can set up the following equation:
x * (1.2)^t = y
Solving for "t", we get:
t = log( y / x ) / log(1.2)
Substituting the given values, we get:
t = log( 10^14 / 10^9 ) / log(1.2)
t = log( 10^5 ) / log(1.2)
t = 98.07 years (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, it will take about 98.07 years for workstations to reach a performance of 10^14
operations per second if they are currently performing at 10^9 operations per second,
assuming a 20% annual performance increase rate.

3. A climate model requires total floating point operations for a ten-year

simulation. How long would this computation take on a computer capable of
floating point operations per second (10 Mflops)?

To calculate the time, it would take to perform the computation, we can use the following
formula:
Time (in seconds) = FLOPS / SPEED
However, the value of FLOPS is not given, so we cannot calculate the exact time it would take
for the given scenario. We would need to know the specific value of FLOPS to compute the
time.
As an example, let's say that the total number of floating-point operations required for the 10-
year simulation is 10^18 FLOPS. If the computer is capable of performing 10 million floating
point operations per second (10 MFLOPS), then we can calculate the time it would take as
follows:
Time (in seconds) = FLOPS / SPEED Time (in seconds) = 10^18 FLOPS / (10 MFLOPS * 10^6) Time
(in seconds) = 10^18 / 10^13 Time (in seconds) = 10^5 seconds
Therefore, it would take 100,000 seconds, or about 27.8 hours, to perform the computation on
a computer capable of 10 MFLOPS if the total number of floating-point operations required for
the simulation is 10^18 FLOPS.