Unit 3.

BECOMING INDEPENDENT
PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW
A. VOCABULARY
admire /əd'maɪə(r)/ (v.) ngưỡng mộ
admiration /ˌædmə'reɪʃn/ (n.) sự ngưỡng mộ
assign /ə'saɪn/ (v.) phân công
assignment /ə'saɪnmənt/ (n.) bài tập
decision /dɪ'sɪʒən/ (n.) quyết định
decisive /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ (adj.) kiên quyết, dứt khoát
decisiveness /dɪˈsaɪsɪvnəs/ (n.) tính kiên quyết, sự kiên quyết
decisively /dɪˈsaɪsɪvli/ (adv.) kiên định, dứt khoát
determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ (adj.) quyết tâm
determination / dɪˈtɜːmɪ'neɪʃn/ (n.) sự quyết tâm
independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ (adj.) độc lập
reliability /rɪˌlaɪə'bɪləti/ (n.) sự đáng tin cậy
reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/  (adj.) đáng tin cậy
reliably /rɪˈlaɪəbli/ (adv.) chắc chắn, xác thực
rely on /rɪˈlaɪ ɒn/ (phr. v.) phụ thuộc vào
remind /rɪˈ maɪnd/ (v) nhắc nhở
self-discipline /ˌself ˈdɪsəplɪn/ (n.) tinh thần tự giác
self-esteem /ˌself ɪˈstiːm/ (n.) tự trọng, tự tôn
self-reliant  /ˌself rɪˈlaɪənt/ (adj.) tự lực, độc lập
well-informed /ˌwel ɪnˈfɔːmd/ (adj.) thạo tin, hiểu biết
accurate /'ækjərət/ (adj.) chính xác
approach /ə'prəʊtʃ/ (v) tiếp cận, tiến lại gần
be at a loss /bi: æt ə lɒs/ (idiom) bối rối, lúng túng
communicate /kə'mju:nɪkeɪt/ (v) giao tiếp
contribute /kən'trɪbju:t/ (v) đóng góp
cope with /kəʊp wɪð/ (v. phr) đương đầu với
enquire /ɪn'kwaɪə(r)/ (v) hỏi
enroll /ɪn'rəʊl/ (v.) kết nạp, ghi danh, tuyển dụng
expense /ɪk'spens/ (n.) chi phí
housekeeping /ˈhaʊskiːpɪŋ/ (n.) công việc quản gia
inaccurate /ɪnˈækjərət/ (adj.) không chính xác
interpersonal /ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənəl/ (adj.) giữa cá nhân với nhau, liên nhân
motivated /ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/  (adj.) có động lực, tích cực
overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ (v.) vượt qua
prioritise /praɪˈɒrɪtaɪz/ (v.) ưu tiên
priority /praɪˈɒrəti/ (n.) quyền ưu tiên
protective /prəˈtektɪv/ (adj.) bảo vệ, che chở
strive for /straɪv fɔ:(r)/ (v. phr.) nỗ lực
suffer from /ˈsʌfər frɒm/ (phr. v.) chịu đựng
time management /taɪm ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ (n.) quản lý thời gian
B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
Danh từ/tính từ theo sau bởi động từ nguyên thể có “to”
Noun/ Adjective + to verb

I. Noun + to verb
1. Cấu trúc
Cấu trúc danh từ đi với động từ nguyên thể có “to” có nghĩa là sau danh từ chúng ta dùng
“to” và động từ nguyên thể. Cụm động từ nguyên thể có “to” này sẽ làm rõ nghĩa liên quan đến
danh từ.
N. + to V
Ví dụ: She showed no willingness to help. (Cô ấy không tỏ ra có thiện ý giúp đỡ.)
Sau danh từ willingness là cụm động từ nguyên thể có “to” to help để làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ
này, cụ thể là thiện ý giúp đỡ, không phải thiện ý làm gì khác.
2. Các danh từ dùng trong cấu trúc: noun + to verb
Danh từ trừu tượng
ability “khả năng” decision quyết định” permission “sự cho phép”
advice “lời khuyên” demand “yêu cầu” plan “kế hoạch”
ambition “hoài bão” dream “ước mơ” request “yêu cầu”
anxiety “mối lo âu” effort “nỗ lực” way “cách thức”
attempt “sự cố gắng” failure “thất bại” willingness “thiện ý”
chance “cơ hội” offer “lời đề nghị” wish “mơ ước”
3. Ví dụ
His dream to become a doctor comes true. (Ước mơ trở thành bác sĩ của anh ấy đã trở
thành hiện thực.)
Sau danh từ dream là động từ nguyên thể có “to” to become để làm rõ nội dung ước mơ của anh
ấy là to become a doctor - trở thành bác sĩ.
II. Adjective + to verb
1. Cấu trúc số 1
N./ Pron. + linking verb + adj. + to V
Cấu trúc này có nghĩa là “ai đó cảm thấy thế nào vì làm gì/ ai đó cảm thấy thế nào khi làm gì”.
Ví dụ: Linda seemed happy to see her old friends. (Linda có vẻ vui khi gặp gỡ những người bạn
cũ.)
Trong đó: Linda (danh từ), seemed (động từ nối), happy (tính từ), to see her old friends (cụm
động từ nguyên thể có “to”).
Các tỉnh từ sử dụng trong cấu trúc này:
Tính từ
afraid “sợ hãi” glad “vui mừng” proud “tự hào”
amazed “ngạc nhiên” happy “hạnh phúc” sad “buồn bã”
determined “quả quyết” lucky “may mắn” sorry “buồn, tiếc”
disappointed “thất vọng” pleased “hài lòng” surprised “ngạc nhiên”
Ví dụ: I'm proud to announce this year's winner. (Tôi thấy vinh dự khi công bố người thắng
cuộc của năm nay.) Sau tính từ proud là động từ nguyên thể có “to” to announce.
2. Cấu trúc số 2
It + linking verb + adj. + (for sb) + to V
Cấu trúc này dùng khi đưa ra bình luận, nhận xét tính chất của hành động “làm gì đó thì như thế
nào” hoặc “ai đó thấy như thế nào khi làm gì”.
Ví dụ: It's interesting for us to work with Mary. (Chúng tôi cảm thấy thú vị khi làm việc với
Mary.)
Trong đó: It (chủ ngữ giả), 's (động từ nối), interesting (tính từ), for us (chuyển thể từ for sb), to
work with Mary (cụm động từ nguyên thể có “to”)
Các tính từ sử dụng trong cấu trúc này:
Tính từ
boring “nhàm chán” great “tuyệt vời” interesting “thú vị”
difficult “khó khăn” hard “khó khăn” likely “có thể”
easy “dễ dàng” important “quan trọng” necessary “cần thiết”
good “tốt đẹp” impossible “không thể” nice “tốt đẹp”
Ví dụ: It looked impossible for her to finish on time. (Có vẻ cô ấy không thể hoàn thành đúng
giờ.)
Sau tính từ impossible là for her (chuyển thể từ for sb) và cụm động từ nguyên thể có "to" to
finish on time.
It's difficult to answer such questions. (Thật khó để trả lời những câu hỏi như vậy.) \
Sau tính từ difficult là động từ nguyên thể có “to” to answer.
3. Cấu trúc số 3
It + linking verb + adj. + of sb + to V
Cấu trúc này được dùng để đưa ra bình luận, nhận xét về cử chỉ, hành động của ai đó “ai đó
thật thế nào khi làm gì”.
Ví dụ: It's kind of Nancy to support Laura. (Nancy thật là tốt bụng khi hỗ trợ Laura.)
Câu trên bắt đầu bằng chủ ngữ giả It, theo sau là động từ nối is (viết rút gọn là “s), tiếp đến là
tính từ kind, còn of sb trong câu này là of Nancy, cuối cùng là cụm động từ nguyên thể có “to”
to support Laura. Câu này có ý nhận xét hành động Nancy hỗ trợ Laura là cử chỉ tốt đẹp.
Các tính từ sử dụng trong cấu trúc này:
Tính từ
kind “tốt bụng” friendly “thân thiện” rude “thô lỗ”
unkind “xấu bụng” unfriendly “không thân thiện” nice “tốt đẹp”
polite “lịch sự” generous “rộng lượng” clever “thông minh”
impolite “bất lịch sự” mean “ích kỉ” silly “ngu ngốc”
Ví dụ: It's impolite of him to shout at her. (Anh ta thật mất lịch sự khi hét vào mặt cô ấy.)
Theo sau tính từ impolite là of him và cụm động từ nguyên thể có “to” to shout at her.
It's nice of Jane to help her mother cook a meal. (Jane thật tốt bụng khi giúp mẹ cô ấy nấu ăn.)
GHI NHỚ
Cấu trúc danh từ theo sau bởi động từ nguyên thể có “to”:
N. + to V
Cấu trúc tính từ theo sau bởi động từ nguyên thể có “to”:
N./Pron.+ linking verb + adj. + to V
It + linking verb + adj. + (for sb) + to V
It + linking verb + adj. + of sb + to V
PART 2: EXERCISES
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. It is necessary ____ for that book.
A. to look B. looking C. look
2. It is very simple to ____ this machine.
A. to use B. used C. use
3. She was excited ____ a letter from her mother last week.
A. to receive B. receive C. receiving
4. We are very surprised to ____ Peter at the party.
A. seeing B. see C. seen
5. Your handwriting is ____.
A. hard to read B. hard for reading C. hardly to read
6. She has the ____ well with work pressure.
A. able to cope B. ability for coping C. ability to cope
7. Susan made a great effort ____ all homework before the deadline but it was in vain.
A. for accomplishment B. to accomplish C. accomplish
8. Jack harbors an ambition ____ an inspiring teacher
A. being B. be C. to be
9. It is important ____ us to hand in the report on time.
A. to B. for C. of
10. It is ____ of him to help the poor.
A. generous B. generously C. generosity
Choose the sentence that is best rewritten from the given one(s).
1. You should bring an umbrella with you. That is necessary.
A. It is necessary to bring an umbrella with you.
B. It is necessary of you to bring an umbrella.
2. I was not allowed to stay outside overnight.
A. I didn't have to stay outside overnight.
B. I had no permission to stay outside overnight.
3. Don't expect that everyone will agree with you. That is unreasonable.
A. Everyone is reasonable to agree with you.
B. It is unreasonable to expect that everyone will agree with you.
4. She has determination to achieve the goal.
A. It was her determination that helped her achieve the goal.
B. She is determined to achieve the goal.
5. We can't know exactly what will happen in 20 years. That is impossible.
A. It is impossible to know exactly what will happen in 20 years.
B. It is impossible of us to know exactly what will happen in 20 years.
6. Watch this video. It is very useful.
A. It is very useful to watch this video.
B. Watch this video is very useful.
7. My sister is able to solve every problem quickly.
A. My sister has the ability to solve every problem quickly.
B. It is hard for my sister to solve every problem quickly.
8. Don't touch that button. It is dangerous.
A. It is dangerous not to touch that button.
 B. It is dangerous to touch that button.
9. We can't find a suitable candidate for this position. That is difficult.
A. It is difficult for us to find a suitable candidate for this position.
B. It was difficult for us to find a suitable candidate for this position.
10. I don't know how to use this washing machine.
A. I don't know the way how to use this machine.
B. I don't know the way to use this washing machine.
Rewrite each sentence using "noun/ adj + to V" and the given word in brackets.
Tính từ: S + be + adj + to V………..
It + be + adj+ for Sb to V…………..
Danh từ: S + Vmain + N + To V……………..

1. She is excited that she gets first prize in the competition. (excited)
-> She is excited to get first prize in the competition.
2. My mother was very surprised when she heard that I had won a lottery. (surprised)
-> My mother was surprised to hear that I had won a lottery.
3. I was very happy that I met my long-lost friend again. (happy)
-> I was very happy to meet my long-lost friend again
4. She is determined that she can find the best solution for this serious problem. (determined)
-> She is determined to find the best solution for this serious problem.
5. That room needs cleaning by Ms. Laura this afternoon. (necessary)
-> It is necessary for Ms. Laura to clean that room this afternoon.
6. Linda finds it interesting to study and listen to music at the same time. (interesting)
-> It is interesting for Linda to study and listen to music at the same time.
7. Mary is kind because she helps the poor and the disabled. (kind)
-> It is very kind of Mary to help the poor and the disabled.
8. Peter is clever when he chooses to work in Nancy's team. (clever)
-> Peter is clever to choose to work in Nancy's team.
9. Finally, she decided to take part in the talk show for young people. (decision)
=> Finally, she made decision to take part in the talk show for young people.
S + decide to V = S + make decision to V………..ai quyet dinh lam j
10. Mark always tries to finish his homework on time. (attempt)
=> Mark always makes an attempt to finish his homework on time.
S + try + to V….= S make an attempt to V………..ai nỗ lực/cố gắng làm gì
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words.
1. It's a long time since he last called me.
He hasn't called me for a long time.
2. When did he get the job?
How long ago did he get the job?
3. I advise you to book a table in advance.
If I were you, I would book a table in advance.
4. I don't want to tell them the secret.
I would rather tell them the secret.
5. If I improved my English speaking skill, I would easily get that job.
 Were I to improve my English speaking skill, I would easily get that job.
6. We wanted to get good seats so we arrived early.
In order to get good seat, we arrived early.
7. It took her nearly an hour to do the crossword.
It takes sb time to V….= Sb spends time (on) V-ing…….: ai mất bao lâu để làm gì
She spent nearly an hour doing the crossword.
8. The policeman made him confess after three days.
He was made to confess after three days.
9. Nga finds Maths easier than Physics.
Physics is not as easy as Maths for Nga
10. I advise you to see a doctor.
You ought to see a doctor
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
51. My parents are glad ____ my success in finding a job after graduation.
A. to see B. seeing C. see D. saw
52. It isn't ____ for him to take charge of the financial burden on his family.
A. boring B. expensive C. easy D. mind
53. My teacher always gives me advice ____ suitable career in the future.
A. choosing B. to choose C. choose D. not to choose
54. We're ____ to announce that you were selected to be our new faculty manager.
A. happily B. unhappy C. happiness D. happy
55. It is unnecessary for ____ to do this task. It's not ours.
A. we B. us C. they D. our
56. She left a message with a request ____ in the contract.
A. not to sign B. not sign C. to not sign D. don't sign
57. I found it truly ____ to hear that Mr. Kim had been appointed to the committee.
A. surprise B. surprised C. surprising D. surprisingly
58. Don't be afraid ____ me if you have any further queries.
A. not to ask B. asking C. to asking D. to ask
59. It's ____ for us to submit the project on time as it's really difficult.
A. possible B. simple C. impossible D. Both B and C
60. It would be unreasonable ____ him ____ you money if you didn't pay it back.
A. to expect/lend B. to expect/to lend C. expect/to lend D.
expecting/lend
61. His ability ____ mathematics in a short time is wholly admirable.
A. not to work out B. work out C. to work out D. working out
62. We're disappointed ____ that our sales have declined sharply in the last 2 months.
A. to hear B. to heard C. not to hear D. hearing
63. After failing many times in ____ a new dish, she made a decision ____.
A. creating/giving up B. to create/to give up C. to create/give up D. creating/to give
up
64. My father made a determined effort ____ a new company.
A. to setting up B. to set up C. setting up D. set up
65. It is ____ for him to enjoy the party because he's fairly busy now.
 A. unlike B. likeable C. likely D. unlikely
66. I'm sorry ____ that your enterprise has been declared bankrupt.
A. to hear B. for hearing C. hear D. All are correct
67. I feel very proud ____ an important part of the English club.
A. to be B. of be C. being D. is
68. It is great that you ____ for my organization. I hope you'll gain more experience here.
A. to work B. working C. can work D. works
69. We appreciated …………more opportunities ____ part in the story-telling contest.
A. giving/to take B. to give/taking C. given/to take D. being given/to take
70. Thank you for your kind offer ____ a dinner at your apartment. It was excellent.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
Sb + be + adj-ed ………-> cảm xúc của người
Something + be + adj-ing-> cái gì như thế nào
Sb + be + Adj-ing -> Miêu tả ai như thế nào ( đặc điểm, tính cách)
71. She was amazing to find that no one died in the tragic accident yesterday.
A B amazed C D
72. His driving ambition was entering one of the top universities in the city.
A B C to enter D
73. It is particularly interested to explore the mystery of the universe.
A B interesting C D
74. Your success in learning depends on your willing to acquire new knowledge.
A B C willingness (n) D
75. We haven't made a plan not to travel overseas yet as I'm very busy with my work.
A B to travel C D
76. It was lucky for us that we able to enjoy the concert.
A B C were able D
77. His parents are very sadly to see that Binh doesn't usually do his homework.
A sad B C D
78. The factory was refused permit to expand because of lack of money.
A to permit B C D
79. It is imperative finish all the practice tests by next week since our teacher will give marks
for them.
A B to finish C D
80. He is a real coward because of his anxiety encountering with problems.
A B C D to encounter
81. Look at those dark clouds, it is possibly to rain.
A B C possible D
82. In this project, your responsibility is search for information about environmental pollution
as much as
A B to search C
D
possible.
83.Lan is looking forward to return to her country after finishing four-year university in
America.
A B C D
Look forward to + Ving………mong đợi làm gì
84. They were entirely confident that everything will go as planned.
A B C would D
85. Having goal to crowned champion, they had practiced ceaselessly and they succeeded.
A to crowned B C D
86. In the peak season, you are advisable booking your accommodation in advance.
A B C to book D
87. It is necessary for you to clean the floor as our mother has done it already.
A not necessary B C D
88. We only have 5 minutes left, Peter. There's no need dressing up.
A B C D to dress up
89. Unless you keep a map, you're sure get lost in the city.
A B C D to get
90. This adventure game is not suitable for children not to play because they're too small.
A B C to play D
Part I. PHONETICS
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. lake B. bay C. cane D. lack
2. A. lurk 3: B. luck ^ C. but ^ D. putt ^
3. A. stopped B. expected C. finished D. faced
4. A. thoughtful B. threaten C. therefore D. thin
5. A. grease s B. sympathy s C. horse s D. rose z
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
6. A. re`liable B. inde`pendent C. res`ponsible D. de`cisiveness
7. A. difficult B. `confident C. `critical D. im`portant
8. A. per`mission B. well-in`formed C. ac`tivity D. ef`fective
9. A. routine B. problem C. lonely D. hygiene
10. A. laundry B. punish C. depend D. reason
Part II. VOCABULARY
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
11. When getting into troubles, Jack never ____ on other people for help. He always solves
them on his own.
A. determines B. influences C. relies D. manages
12. He suffered ____ serious depression after losing his beloved pet.
A. in B. from C. with D. for
13. It was essential for him to be financially ____ of his parents, so he decided to find a part-
time job.
A. dependent B. independent C. dependable D. undependable
14. Thanks to many investors, my dream to set up my own trading company came ____.
A. exactly B. real C. right D. true
15. His dedication to the educational charity was truly ____.
A. admirable B. reliable C. critical D. disapproving
16. The director informed that no candidates ____ all the criteria for the administrative position.
A. completed B. fulfilled C. achieved D. suited
17. ____ time-management skill is a core requirement for this job.
A. Solving B. Adapting C. Developing D. Mastering
18. I was encouraged to ____ for the grandest prize in the dancing competition.
A. try B. strive C. reach D. achieve
19. We're punished for not submitting our outline on time as the task ____ was too difficult.
A. assigned B. done C. taken D. reminded
20. That Tom is ____ of finishing the research project prior to the deadline satisfied our
manager.
A. able B. skillful C. capable D. talented
21. We've divided the group report into three parts and you're ____ for the conclusion one.
A. responsible B. irresponsible C. response D. responsive
22. You should make a list of things to do and ____ them if you want to work effectively.
A. do B. arrange C. prioritise ưu tiên làm trước D. approach
23. Despite my parents' disagreement, I'm ____ to drop out of university and establish my own
business.
A. determined B. confident C. successful D. All are correct
24. He ____ me about the lecture yesterday. Otherwise, I would have missed it completely.
A. demanded B. approached C. said D. reminded
25. The government must take ____ action against environmental pollution.
A. important B. unstable C. decisive D. soft
26. When being assigned difficult exercises, Lan always ____ to complete them without any
help from her teacher.
A. wants B. manages C. desires D. Finds
27. Our enterprise is seeking for candidates who are ____ and hard-working.
A. reliant B. reliance C. unreliable D. reliable
28. ____ communication skill plays an important role in career success.
A. Personal B. Individual C. Interpersonal D. Interactive
29. In spite of being the new resident in this area, he always tries to ____ with his neighbours.
A. catch up B. go in C. put up D. get along well
30. If you choose to study abroad, you have to live ____ from home.
A. on B. away C. in D. up
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
31. I'm totally exhausted after having finished successive assignments in only a week.
A. Jobs B. works C. exercises D. problems
32. He is truly a reliable friend. He will always be with me and never let me down.
A. mean B. independent C. decisive D. dependable
33. At last, Huong made a determined effort to get a scholarship so that he could have chance to
study overseas.
A . tenacious B. serious C. unresolved D. necessary
34. In spite of poverty and dreadful conditions, they still manage to keep their self-respect.
A. self-reliant B. self-restraint C. self-esteem D. self-assured
35. All students are revising carefully, for the final test is approaching soon.
A. going fast B. reaching fast C. coming near D. getting near
36. John is an admirable person as he isn't influenced by other people's opinions when making
decision to do something.
A. relied B. impacted C. decided D. assigned
37. The prom is permitted providing that everyone behaves responsibly.
A. honestly B. imperfectly C. sensitively D. sensibly
38. Don't worry! The answer to this quiz is on the back page.
A. treatment B. method C. solution D. way
39. It is lazy of him for not doing his homework every day.
A. idle B. hard C. busy D. diligent
40. The government found it very difficult to cope with the rising unemployment.
A. try B. manage C. reduce D. increase
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
41. Nam is considered to be the best student in our class because he's not only good at learning
but also well-informed about everything around the world.
A. perfectly-informed B. badly-informed C. bad-informed D. ill-informed
42. Tommy was fired owing to his arrogant manner.
A. humble B. overconfident C. superior D. haughty
43. The maintenance of this company is dependent on international investment.
A. affective B. self-reliant C. self-restricted D. reliant
44. With his remarkable ability, Lam can deal with this problem effectively.
A. uneffectively B. inefficiently C. ineffectively D. unefficiently
45. The physical therapy helped Jim overcome his fear of height.
A. overwhelm B. control C. neglect D. conquer
46. At first, he was reluctant to help us. However, after persuading for a long time, he agreed to
play the guitar at our tea-shop.
A. hesitate B. willing C eager D. keen
47. Stop being mean to everyone or you'll have no friends.
A. unkind B. cruel C. miserable D. kind
48. My parents seemed fully satisfied with the result of my entrance exam.
A. pleased B. contented C. disappointed D. joyful
49. After a long time working incessantly, all my efforts ended in failure.
A. success B. collapse C. breakdown D. loser
50. This reference book is essential material for us to prepare for the next assignment.
A. necessary B. dispensable C. vital D. fundamental