9

APPLIED CHEMISTRY
Quarter 2 - Module 4
Chemical Bonding
Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Chemical Bonding
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: ALMA M. VELASCO
Editor: ERNILYN A. VALDEZ
Reviewers: DIVISION QUALITY ASSURANCE TEAM
Illustrator: ALFA JING MEI M. VELASCO
Layout Artist: ALMA M. VELASCO
Management Team: ESTELLA L. CARIŇO
OCTAVIO V. CABASAG
ESTER T. GRAMAJE
RIZALINO G. CARONAN
RUBY B.MAUR
CHERRY GRACE D. AMIN
ALEXANDER GERONIMO

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region II

Office Address: REGIONAL GOVERNMENT CENTER, CARIG SUR, TUGUEGARAO

CITY, 3500
Telefax: (078) 304-3855, (078) 396-9728
E-mail Address: region2@deped.gov.ph
 9

APPLIED CHEMISTRY
Quarter 2 – Module 4
Chemical Bonding
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Applied Chemistry Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 4:
Chemical Bonding!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Applied Chemistry Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Chemical Bonding!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills
at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
 What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
Applied Chemistry. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But
the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

The Module is divided into 2 lessons namely:

LESSON 1 – Ionic Bond
LESSON 2 – Covalent Bond

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain how atoms combine to form compounds through both ionic and
covalent;
2. draw Lewis(electron) dot structures for covalent molecules containing single,
double, and triple covalent bonds.

Use separate notebook/paper for your answers.

 What I Know

Direction A: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following is not correct regarding the formation of an ionic bond
between magnesium and sulfur?
a. Mg atom is larger in radius than the Mg ion
b. Mg and MgS have similar properties
c. S atom is smaller in radius than the sulfide ion
d. Valence electrons from Mg atom to S atom
2. Predict whether the following properties most likely indicate as to ionic or
covalent compounds..
a. Reacts slowly
b. Low melting point
c. Very high boiling point
d. Colorless liquid
3. Which among the following chemical bond were described by Kossel and Lewis?
a) Metallic bond
b) Polar covalent bond
c) Coordinate bond
d) Ionic and Covalent bond
4. 2. Which among the following is not a property of Ionic bond?
a) Losing of electrons
b) Gain of electrons
c) Sharing of electrons
d) Transfer of electrons
5. If a bond is made up of a large number of organic compound, then the bond is
termed as?
a) Ionic bond
b) Metallic bond
c) Covalent bond
d) Dipolar bond
Lesson 1 Ionic Bond
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction
between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply different
electronegativities, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds.

What’s In

Direction: Determine if the elements in the following compounds are metals or non-
metals. Describe the type of bonding that occurs in the compound.
Example:

Element 1 (metal Element 2 (metal Bond Type

Compound
or non-metal?) or non-metal?)

NO2 N = non-metal O = non-metal covalent

MgBr2

O2
CuCl2

Fe2O3

PI3

CCl4

Rb2S

CO2

CaO

AlF3
 What’s New

Direction: Using the Periodic Table of Elements. Complete the following table of
Lewis Dot Diagrams for Elements in Period.

Example: Period 1

Periods Lewis Dot Diagrams for Elements

What is It

 Chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that

enables the formation of chemical compounds. The bond may result from the
electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds
or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds.
 Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic
attraction between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply
different electronegativities, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic
compounds.
 Covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs
between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs,
and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they
share electrons, is known as covalent bonding.
 Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that rises from the electrostatic
attractive force between conduction electrons and positively charged metal ions. It
may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a structure of positively
charged ions.
 Polar bond refers to the formation of two opposite poles. It is develops due to un-
equal sharing of electrons by two atoms.
 Non-Polar bond is a bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same
electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair.
 Electronegativity symbol χ, measures the tendency of an atom to attract a
shared pair of electrons. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic
number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged
nucleus.
 Valence Electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and
that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not
closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence
electron in order to form a shared pair.
 Metal is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a
lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are
typically malleable or ductile.
 Nonmetal. In chemistry, a nonmetal is a chemical element that mostly lacks the
characteristics of a metal. Physically, a nonmetal tends to have a relatively low
melting point, boiling point, and density. A nonmetal is typically brittle when solid
and usually has poor thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.
 Single bond is a chemical bond between two atoms involving two valence electrons.
That is, the atoms share one pair of electrons where the bond forms. Therefore, a
single bond is a type of covalent bond.
 Double bond is a covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding
electrons as opposed to two in a single bond. Double bonds occur most commonly
between two carbon atoms, for example in alkenes.
 Triple bond is a chemical bond between two atoms involving six bonding electrons
instead of the usual two in a covalent single bond. Triple bonds are stronger than
the equivalent single bonds or double bonds, with a bond order of three.
 An ion is a particle, atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of
the electron is considered negative by convention. The negative charge of an ion is
equal and opposite to charged proton considered positive by convention.
 Cation a positively charged ion, for example, one that would be attracted to the
cathode in electrolysis.
 Anion the charge of the electron is considered negative by convention.
 What’s More

Direction: Using the periodic table of elements, look the electronic configuration
and Lewis Dot Diagram of the following elements.
Example: Sodium and Chlorine atom

Element Electron Lewis Element Electron Lewis Electron

Configuration Electron Configuration Dot Structure
Dot
Structure

11Na [Ne] 3s¹ 17Cl [Ne] 3s²3p⁵

Electron transfer from sodium to chlorine

Explanation: From the example, it shows 1 electron is transferred from sodium atom
to chlorine atom, changing both atoms into ions ( the positive charge or negative
charge). Sodium gave up 1 electron to attain the electron configuration of Neon while
chlorine gained an electron to attain a stable configuration of Argon.( Octet Rule is
satisfied). Since the two is oppositely- charged bodies, they will attract to one another
and a chemical bond results to an ionic bond.
Therefore: final results from the attraction of the oppositely charged ions( IONIC BOND
or ELECTROVALENT BOND).

Do this….
1. Magnesium and Oxygen atoms
2. Potassium and Oxygen atoms
3. Calcium and Oxygen atoms
4. Aluminum and chlorine atoms
5. Aluminum and Oxygen atoms
 What I Have Learned

I learned that . . .
___________1. is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the
formation of chemical compounds.
___________2. is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction
between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply different
electronegativities, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds.
__________3. is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between
atoms.
___________4. is a type of chemical bonding that rises from the electrostatic attractive
force between conduction electrons and positively charged metal ions. ___________5.
refers to the formation of two opposite poles. It is develops due to un-equal sharing of
electrons by two atoms.
___________6. is a bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same
electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair.
___________7. is a chemical bond between two atoms involving two valence electrons.
That is, the atoms share one pair of electrons where the bond forms.
___________8. is a covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding electrons
as opposed to two in a single bond. Double bonds occur most commonly between two
carbon atoms, for example in alkenes.
___________9. a positively charged ion, for example, one that would be attracted to the
cathode in electrolysis.
__________10. the charge of the electron is considered negative by convention.

Make sure to do it with all honesty

 What I Can Do

Direction: Build 1 Modern Ionic Bond Formation Model . Useful for any creative
projects and it is an environmental friendly.
Materials:

Any hard paper

Colored papers
Scissors
Glue/paste/stick glue
Candle/glue gun

Procedure:
1. CUT the colored papers so they will match with the model. This will mean you
have to cut out the colored papers. Then arrange them to match the number of
dots (represent the number of valence or Lewis electron dot structure)
2. ARRANGE all the dots, exactly how you want them and then hot glue them into
place, being sure to keep your arrangement matching your Model.
3. PAINT the entire board with your favorite colors. Used slips of construction
paper between to avoid painting the rows beside the one you were working on.
You could use a painters’ tape if desired.
 4. CUT out each circle shapes, letters, or numbers, then use hot glue then arrange
them to much your model.
5. ENJOY! You can create a frame for your Modern Ionic Bond Formation Model
using pieces of interior trim. Paint the trim and hang your board to enjoy for
years to come!

Assessment

Direction: Search and loop the 5 words related to Ionic bond in the word hunt. You can find the
words horizontal, vertical, backward, or slanting.

WORD HUNT

E L E C T R O V A L E N T B O N D
O R H R M O T A Z O Z O O M U D N
N M Y R D S E S N O I T A C Q N O
T A M N T M M A M E S T M C E G B
A T I C S U B S H E L L U M U R C
U H C I M N N A N O R T C E L E I
C F G E A S M N T L A T E M N O N
E D L A C U A L A A I R U I D E O
D E E L L A T T E M A D N U F R I
C R T H U R E L S O C A H M Q G V
O A U E M M L O P A D C Z I E Y C

Do you need help…. Call or text Me … 09158250633 Alma M. Velasco

Lesson 2 Covalent Bond
is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These
electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of
attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as
covalent bonding.

What’s In

 A chemical bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons(Covalent bond).

 Types of covalent bond 1. Single bond 2. Double bond 3. Triple bond
Example: 1. Single bond ( - )
Imagine two atoms of hydrogen near each other but not touching one another.
Each atom has a proton at the center and an electron moving around it in a cloud.
H2 ( Hydrogen ), the simplest molecule. A hydrogen atom has 1 valence electron.
Pairs of hydrogen atoms share electrons to form diatomic hydrogen molecules.
Shared pair of electrons

H + H H H H H or H2
hydrogen hydrogen hydrogen single formula
atom atom molecule bond
Explanation: Each hydrogen atom attains the stable configuration of helium which
has two valence electrons. Formula is H2, a single bond is formed when a pair of
electrons can be presented by a dash such as H-H for H:H (structural formula).
Try this exercises:
1. F2
2. Cl2

What’s New

Sometimes, atoms share more than one pair of electrons to attain an octet rule. The
double bond and Triple bond.
Example: 2. Double bond

O + O  O O O=O or O2
hydrogen hydrogen hydrogen single formula
atom atom molecule bond
Explanation: Atoms share more than one pair of electrons to attain an octet rule.
Double bond involve 2 pairs of shared electrons.
Example: 3. Triple bond

N + N  N N or N=N or N2
nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen single formula
atom atom molecule bond
Explanation: Triple bond involve 3 pairs of shared electrons

Try this exercises:

Direction: Illustrate double bond and triple bond.
1. O2
2. Br2
3. I2

What is It

 A chemical bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons(Covalent bond).

 Types of covalent bond 1. Single bond 2. Double bond 3. Triple bond
 Single bond is formed when a pair of electrons can be presented by a dash such
as H-H for H:H (structural formula).
2.Double bond Atoms share more than one pair of electrons to attain an octet
rule. Double bond involve 2 pairs of shared electrons.
3. Triple bond involve 3 pairs of shared electrons
 Nonpolar bond is sharing of electron pair(s) between the same kind of atoms .
 Polar bond is unequal sharing for the pair of electron(s).
 Electronegativity measures the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of
electrons.
 Electronegativity difference Type of Bond

< 0.5 Nonpolar covalent

0.5 - 1.5 Polar covalent

. 1.5 ionic

What’s More

The examples of sharing of electron pair(s) between the same kind of atoms ( nonpolar
bond) and unequal sharing for the pair of electron(s) (polar bond)

Example: Bond formation between atoms that are different.

1. Hydrogen and chlorine react to form hydrogen chloride.

H + Cl -> H Cl or H - Cl or HC ¯

H = 2.1 Cl = 3.0
Chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen with electronegativity value of
H = 2.1 Cl = 3.0

Difference = 0.9
Polar covalent
Try this…

1. Nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia.

2. Carbon and hydrogen react to form methane.
 What I Have Learned

I learned that . . .
1.__________A chemical bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons.
2.__________is formed when a pair of electrons can be presented by a dash such as H-
H for H:H (structural formula).
3.__________ atoms share more than one pair of electrons to attain an octet rule.
4.__________ involve 3 pairs of shared electrons.
5.__________ is sharing of electron pair(s) between the same kind of atoms .
6.__________ is unequal sharing for the pair of electron(s).
7.__________ is a measures the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of
electrons.

Make sure to do it with all honesty

What I Can Do

Make a 3D of Covalent Bond Model

Materials:

1 illustrations board 1/8

Any shapes that

represents circle F F
Bond paper

Black pen/ coloring pen

https://www.google.com/search?q=covalent%20bond%203d%20model%20project&tbm=isch&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCA
QtI8BKAFqFwoTCMC9_Mq8gu8CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAp&biw=483&bih=542#imgrc=FXVSv-A9MFmWrM
Rubrics:
CATEGORY 6 4 2

Almost all items of

All items of importance are
clearly labeled with labels
Labels
that can be read from at
least 3 ft. away.
At least 7 accurate facts
Content - Accuracy are displayed on the
model.
The model is exceptionally
attractive in terms of
Attractiveness
design, layout, and
neatness.
importance are clearly
labeled with labels that can
be read from at least 3 ft.
away.
5-6 accurate facts are
displayed on the model.
The model is attractive in
terms of design, layout and
neatness.
Several items of importance
are clearly labeled with
labels that can be read from
at least 3 ft. away.
3-4 accurate facts are
displayed on the model.
The model is acceptably
attractive though it may be
a bit messy.

Assessment

Direction: Indicate the following whether polar or nonpolar bond:

1. O2
2. F2
3. HCl
4. SeF6
5. CH4
6. NO2
7. H2O
8. CO2
9. B2Si
10. ClO2

Additional Activities

Direction: Predict whether the following properties most likely. Indicate as to Ionic or
Covalent bond compounds.
1. Colorful liquid
2. Highly crystalline structure
3. Low melting point
4. Very high boiling point
5. Conducts an electric current in aqueous solutions
6. Reacts slowly
7. Reacts instantly with AgNO3

Do you need help…. Call or text Me … 09158250633 Alma M. Velasco

References
1. SCIENCE LEARNER’S MODULE 9

2. https://www.google.com/search?q=covalent+bond+worksheet+with+answers+p
df&tbm=isch&hl=en&chips=q:covalent+bond+worksheet+with+answers+pdf,onli
ne_chips:naming+binary+covalent&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH4YHdwILvAhVYx4sB
HTj1AaMQ4lYoB3oECAEQIQ&biw=1349&bih=600#imgrc=LdhHrjZhAhtfDM

3. https://www.google.com/search?q=3d+of+covalent+bond++model+project+idea
s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjHs-LtsoLvAhVFXpQKHY0PBb0Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=3d+of+covalent+bond++model+project+ideas&gs_lcp=CgNpbW
cQDDoICAAQCBAHEB46BggAEAgQHlDysZUBWMnblQFgkO6VAWgAcAB4AIAB
XYgB7wqSAQIxN5gBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=wT
U2YIfPAcW80QSNn5ToCw&bih=600&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=FXVSv-
A9MFmWrM&imgdii=LxDGVFmMz8V-DM

4. https://www.google.com/search?q=covalent+bond&source=lmns&bih=600&biw
=1349&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiBuNnuxoLvAhX6yIsBHWupDY8Q_AUoAHo
ECAEQAA

5. https://www.google.com/search?bih=559&biw=500&hl=en&sxsrf=ALeKk01pxF
4USAo98F6VCe4LGZLfz4z3Bg%3A1614170814388&ei=vko2YJCtF4K5mAXdtar
IDg&q=type+of+covalent+bond&oq=type+of+covalent+bond&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd
2l6EAMyBAgAEEMyBAgAEEMyBwgAEIcCEBQyBAgAEEMyBAgAEEMyAggAMgII
ADICCAAyAggAMgIIADoECCMQJzoICAAQsQMQgwFQ9H1YrKYBYParAWgAcAJ4
AIABtAKIAbQXkgEIOC4xMC4zLjGYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&sclient=g
ws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwiQhP7vxoLvAhWCHKYKHd2aCukQ4dUDCA0&uact=5

6. https://www.google.com/search?bih=559&biw=500&hl=en&sxsrf=ALeKk03Sv8
rDLeLlh6u_AmHqLj6cIjFaNg%3A1614170839669&ei=10o2YK2vKNSTr7wPmIu3
qAU&q=polar+bond+vs+nonpolar+bond&oq=polar+bond+vs+nonpolar+bond&gs
_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyAggAMgYIABAWEB4yCAgAEBYQChAeMgYIABAWEB4
yBggAEBYQHjIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjIFCAAQhgMyBQgAEIY
DOgQIIxAnOgoIABCxAxCDARBDOgQIABBDOgkIIxAnEEYQ-
QE6BQgAEJECOgsIABCxAxCDARCRAjoHCAAQsQMQQzoFCC4QsQM6CAgAEL
EDEIMBOgcIABCHAhAUUPJYWJeUAWDNnAFoAHACeACAAboCiAG8GpIBCDE
3LjguMi4xmAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpesABAQ&sclient=gws-
wiz&ved=0ahUKEwjt9oT8xoLvAhXUyYsBHZjFDVUQ4dUDCA0&uact=5
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph