H story OfPol t cal Thoughts

W nners wr te h story
Anc ent Greece un cr t cal th nk ng and speech
Powerful emp res of Europe nfluence over other
parts
C v l zat on and great th nkers
f rst democrac es
cold war th nk ng of the western deology
western trad t ons languages
Eurocentr sm
Enl ghtenment

20.10.22
Pol s c ty State
cotmpetence a
way of l fe
Myths Heroes are ma n deolog cal th ngs n Greek
transform nto Hero sm of Pol s

Phalanx

Three classes d
c t zens pol ta Dem rgo Art sansmerchuts
land owners o kos Eupatr d Georgo land owners
fore gners mete kos Thetes laborers
slaves as a tooD

27.10.22

Solon Reforms 594 BCE

Cle sthenes 508 BCE
Pythegoras archeenumbers
 yl g s c

deal geometr c objects

Socrates v rtue knowledge
Plato 427 BCE 347 BCE
deas
ep steme

World World
of of
deas objects
d d
un versalls part cularls Concrete
ep steme dorm
corruptertransform ng

rulers w sdom
guard ans
producers YII
s lver Guythsot metals

The Laws and The Statesman

Second best state needs law m xed form of ar stocracy
and democracy

lawful
çören
2 ar stocracy I5 Iğdemeajunlarsa
ol garchy
3 modereet democracy

rule by law

3.11.2022

Ar stotle
 Born n 384 BCE Stay ra
367 as a Student
of Academy Tutor
343 BCE Alexander the Great's
535 Lyceum

form and Matter

un ty of form and matter

Madde ve form ç çed r Ayrı ayrı ncelenmez

metaphsy cal h erarchy

potent al ty matter
actual ty form God

act on dynam sm 1growth of a th ng

2 funct on or act on
of a th ng
after read ng ts form
Sc ence
formal cause eff c ent mater al causes
d cause
form f nal
t
God
Ph losophy

Class f cat on
noneed
for law good yet ş bad
11
monarchy form 4 Democracy
2 ar stocracy 5
ol garchy
3 Pol te n democracy ar stocracy 6
tyranny
lawk betstposs ble
 I
golden mean

01.12 2022
Rome
753 BCE Romus and Romulus myth
unt l 509 BCE K ngdom
509 146 BCE Republ c
146 27 BCE Inter mtroubles Republ c
27 BCE 476 CE a Emp re

K ngdom
3tr bus d v ded nto 10 cur a d v ded nto10gens
30 cur a 3000gens d fferents zed

C t zen memberof gens

pleb nomembersh p of anygens l m ted c t zensh p

d
patr c
nobles
cl ents w ll be ncluded bydebs 1
plebs

K ng Rex has mper um opt mates populares

clesspr v l ges
h gher
Can t m cur m choses the k ng uassl
Senato patres leadersofthe gens
pay na ça p aa

Polyb us 204 120 BCE

H stor an Roman H story 229 146BCE
degenerat on ofth ngs cycl cal v ew Plato'sthought
tyrant K ng tyrant ar stocracy ol garchy democracy chaos
lochlocracy lawlessdemocracy

m xed const tut on monarchy of consuls

ar stocracy of Senate
assembl es
democracy of
C cero 106 44 BCE

Legal th nk ng
cosmopol tan sm
Opt mates representat ve aga nstpopulares
sto c Platon an effect cr t cal of Ep cur an sm Senate's rules republ c
FÜÜTÜLEYE Aga nst Ceaser
qq.gg

Seneca 4 BCE 65 CE
Perfect sto c

humansareequals Chesayswe'reallslaves
Cyn cs and Ep cumus effect
c n real tytherecan
v rtue cannot befound nstate affa rs

Ep ctetus
ı
sto c
moral
h s dea s more l berty and ndependence
tra n yourself to endure hardsh ps

Marcus Aurel us
180 death
Ph losopher K ng
un versal state dea Brotherhood
of Men
Jesus Paulus
osmopol s of men salvat on n otherworld
obey ng the author ty
s nful human
August ne
Neo platon an
C v tas De C v tasTerrana
Or g nal s n
fam ly domus
c ty state c v tas
Orb s terrae globe
Mundus un verse

Collapse of the Roman Emp re 476

Western
German k ngdoms Eastern R.E Church
Lat fund a manor

Ç
rural or g ns f ghters
Personel qual t es loyalty

p ppg aç ppg aç pp
pr vate
Gefobschaft
ch efandh sfollowers

Feudal Made
of Product on
D rect producers serf bound to means of product on Cland

explo tat on through pol t cal

power ÖFF
d rectly l nk btw pol t cal andeconom cpower law r ght to try
the rsubjects
h erarch cal order
lord had an obl gat on to act as a kn ght
se gneur

vasşal se gneur

vaşal
Pope Gelas us I 1492 496
Aga nst the super or ty cla ms of Eastern R.E
Two Paths or Two swords later
 auctor tas potestas
üüünüüüüüüünün
4 sp r tuel super or ty

Pope Gregor us I Gregor us the Great 590 603

Two separate realms of power
Impl cat on of super or ty ofthe Church
In Eastern part accepts two seperate powers
Absence
of author ty n the West
Excommunat on sanct on

Charlemagne 800 crowned

by the Pope Leo
H ldebrand Gregor us 1073 1085
church super or ty over thestate
Appo ntment ofthe clergy by the Pope
Holy Roman Emperor Henry t was excommun cated tw ce

Holy Crusades

Dante Al gh er 12651321
Un versal monarch Emperor takespowerd rectlyfromGod
Nat onal sm ıtal an
s ngular tyof monarch just ce freedom
L keGod
D fferentc rcumstances d fferent laws part culars are not sovere gns

God chosesRoman Emp re to rule

Ital ans are nered tar es
common
good nvolves r ght ofmonarch tryv olence etc
two powers two happ ness

Jean of Par s Boos

of pol t calsoc ety state comesbeforethechurch chronolog cally

natural ty

reperate realms of power author ty

power of the k ng comes from God people s the ntermed ary
democrat c monarchy val d forthe church as well
Mars l us
of Padua 12751343
natural nst ncts for sat sfy ng needs fam ly v llage c v tas soc etyepol t calsoc ety state
competentperfect soc ety

d v s on
oflabor

Organ c Soc ety

1 management

2 m l tary honorab l tas

3 rel g on
4 peasants
5 art sans mut do vulgns
6 tax cover

const tut ve pr nc ple of soc ety

İn
source
justmplementat
ce on
s of ım
people
las a concept
pract calmanner
d fferentat on hayor
natural law
thePr ncefor mplementat onof can
Potestas pr nne ther s sovere gn
shouldbe mutualrelat onneed
Auctor tas
pey
source ofleg t macy

Church as an abstract lun versal be ng

r ght to res stsv olat on oflaw

W ll am of Ockham 1290 1349

Razar of Ockham

nom nal sm un versals are not

IYÖjerce ved
real t es are true
Knowledge bel ef seperated ex stence of God cannot be proven only to bel eve

r ght to res st gnor ng the common good

 g g g n g

regular ter
kasual ter

The Reformat on
The Great Sch sm D v s on 1378 1417
Av gnon Rome

2 popes
German Reformat on
Mart n Luther 14381546
August n an pr nc ples

ndulgence Luther's one ofthe cr t s sm

sola f de pass ve bel ef
cr t que of the church
church collect ve of bel evers

super or ty cla ms of the church and clergy are l es

Earthly power comes from God d rectly

management of la c ty
4 Roman Church s a partof secularpower
s nful humans naked v olence power s needed for order
Pr nce should rule accord ng to God's w ll

Thomas M ntzer 1489 1525

Anabapt ste reason
Ulr ch Zw ngl Sw ss b shop
Eth cal rules D v nejust ce Both come
Laws human just ce from God
Equal ty n poverty peasantry's ll cond t ons
Pr nce should use h ssword n the name
of the B bleotherw se people shouldrevolt
Jean Calv n 1509 1564
Act ve bel ef D sc pl ne of body and thesoul

Real church nst tut on

 J
Two separated realms church and state
Secular author ty has to preserve the real true rel g on
r ght to res st Etats Generaux m ddle managers
Laws products of just ce natural reason ng
planted by God
Max weber