FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

DEPARTMENT BUILDING SURVEYING

AP119

DIPLOMA IN BUILDING SURVEYING

(BUILDING SERVICES II)

BSR221

TOPIC:

MECHANICAL VENTALITION SYSTEM, AIR CONDITION SYSTEM AND

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

PREPARED BY:

NAME MILATUSAMSHI BIN ABDUL RAHMAN

MATRIC 2019233452
NO

CLASS AP1192A

PREPARED TO:

SR. DR. IRWAN MOHAMMAD ALI

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TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2
INTRODUCTION 4
CHAPTER 1 :BUILDING BACKGROUND 5-7
HISTORY OF THE BUILDING
BUILDING LOCATION
BUILDING PLAN

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 8-26

MECHNICAL VENTILATION
AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDY 27-37
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
CHAPTER 4 : CONCLUSION ND RECOMMENDATION 38
REFERENCE 39

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Acknowledgement

First and foremost, greatest gratitude to our lecturer, SR. DR. Irwan Mohammad Ali who
always advise and enlighten us when we seek for information, as well as giving us the
opportunity to extract knowledge through experience.

Next, this speech also for our friends who non stop supporting us from the back and correcting
our problem when we does not notice it. Thanks for our friends for always answering our
questions. At the end of speech, we thankful to the person who help us directly or indirectly in
the process of doing this task.

Lastly, I would like to thank my parents who helped me a lot in gathering different information,
collecting data and guiding me from time to time in making this task , despite of their busy
schedules ,they gave me different ideas to complete this task .

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Introduction

Building services is services that been provided to occupant for purpose of safety, efficiency
and comfort. Building services play a main role in contributing to the design of a building, not
only in terms of overall strategies and standards to be achieved, but also in façade
engineering, the weights, sizes and location of major plant and equipment, the position of
vertical service risers, routes for the distribution of horizontal services, drainage, energy
sources, sustainability and so on.

The assignment is give by my lecturer, Sr Dr Irwan Mohammad Ali to be complete in this

semester. This assignment should be carried out individually.I required to study the
installations and operation of the mechanical ventilation system, air- conditioning system and
electrical system at my home. From this study, I have to explain how the system works and
the advantages of the system.

With the report, I am able to center on the points of interest and pick up distant better;a much
understanding of how administrations function and are executed in a residential building. My
house could be a awesome case of cutting edge building with administrations that comply with
natural arrangements.

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Chapter 1: Building Background

History of the building

This is residential building which double storey house which is ground floor use
concrete material and first floor use timber material.This building is combination of malay
traditional house and modern building. The address for the building is No.137, Kampung
Sawa Kechil ,Mukim Padang Pusing, 06700 Pendang, Kedah Darul Aman.

The first owner for this house is Encik Mohammad Bin Mahmud. This house has
been build on the year 1997 by Encik Mohammad bin Mahmud based on malay traditional
house which is he use many of type timber to build the house. On 2001, Encik Mohammad
bin Mahmud gave this house to his son, Encik Abdul Rahman Bin Mohammad to live here
with his family. Now,owner for this house is Encik Abdul Rahman and he live with his family
and also his parents.Plus, 8 people who live in this house including his parents and his
family.

On 2017,Encik Abdul Rahman do some renovation on this house to spread the

house but Encik Abdul Rahman still preserving the malay traditional which is replace the
damaged wood. The age of this building is almost 23 years but the house still in good
condition. This is because Encik Abdul Rahman do some renovation and always do
maintenance to make sure the house safe to live with his family.

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Building Location

My house located at Kampung Sawa Kechil, 06700 Pendang, Kedah Darul Aman.

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Building Plan

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Chapter 2: Literature Review

Mechanical Ventilation System

Mechanical ventilation is the air movement from one space to another and the supply
of fresh air at the same into the air conditioned spaces. Mechanical ventilation is a way of
forced or induced ventilation by using mechanical air handling systems. It helps in controlling
the humidity, contaminants, air borne particles and general air quality. For the intent of
transporting and removing air from a space, a few components such as blowers, fans, filters,
and ducts are used in mechanical ventilation. A building ventilation system with the usage of
powered fans or blowers to provide clean air to rooms when the natural forces of air pressure
are not sufficient for the optimum air circulation in a building. Mechanical ventilation is utilized
to control indoor air quality, excess humidity, smells, and contaminants can often be controlled
via dilution or replaced them with the outside air.

In building, mechanical ventilation or forced ventilation system is the use of powered

equipment, e.g. fans and blowers, to move air and provide fresh air to rooms when the natural
forces of air pressure and gravity are not enough to circulate air through a building.Ventilating
is the process of "changing" or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality. i.e.
to control temperature or remove moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon
dioxide, and to replenish oxygen. Ventilation is used to remove unpleasant smells and
excessive moisture, introduce outside air, to keep interior building air circulating, and to
prevent stagnation of the interior air. Mechanical ventilation can be retrofitted to almost every
house and a large number of commercial premises to promote fresh air into spaces and then
remove any latent heat.

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 BENEFITS OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Better Indoor Air Quality. Indoor air can be many times more polluted than outdoor air,
and the average American spends 90 percent of the day inside. Ventilation systems
can significantly improve a home’s air quality by removing allergens, pollutants, and
moisture that can cause mold problems.
More Control. When homes rely on air flow through walls, roofs, and windows for
ventilation, there is no control over the source or amount of air that comes into the
house.In fact, air leaking into the house may come from undesirable areas such as the
garage, attic, or crawl space. Mechanical ventilation systems, however, provide proper
fresh air flow along with appropriate locations for intake and exhaust.
Improved Comfort. Mechanical ventilation systems allow a constant flow of outside air
into the home and can also provide filtration, dehumidification, and conditioning of the
incoming outside air.

Types of Mechanical Ventilation System

There are three basic types of whole-house mechanical ventilation systems:

1. Exhaust / Extracted system

2. Supply system

3. Balanced / Combined system

1) Exhaust / Extracted system

Exhaust ventilation systems work by depressurizing the building. By reducing the

inside air pressure below the outdoor air pressure, they extract indoor air from a house while
make-up air infiltrates through leaks in the building shell and through intentional, passive
vents. Exhaust ventilation systems are most applicable in cold climates. In climates with warm,
humid summers, depressurization can draw moist air into building wall cavities, where it may
condense and cause moisture damage.

Exhaust ventilation systems are relatively simple and inexpensive to install. Typically,
an exhaust ventilation system is composed of a single fan connected to a centrally located,
single exhaust point in the house.

A preferable option is to connect the fan to ducts from several rooms (especially rooms
where pollutants tend to be generated, such as bathrooms). Adjustable, passive vents through

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windows or walls can be installed to introduce fresh air rather than rely on leaks in the building
envelope. However, passive vents may be ineffective because larger pressure differences
than those induced by the ventilation fan may be needed for them to work properly. Spot
ventilation exhaust fans installed in the bathroom but operated continuously represent an
exhaust ventilation system in its simplest form.

One concern with exhaust ventilation systems is that they may draw pollutants, along
with fresh air, into the house. For example, in addition to drawing in fresh outdoor air, they
may draw in the following:

• Radon and molds from a crawlspace

• Dust from an attic

• Fumes from an attached garage

• Flue gases from a fireplace or fossil fuel–fired water heater and furnace.

This can especially be of concern when bath fans, range fans, and clothes dryers
(which also depressurize the home while they operate) are run when an exhaust ventilation
system is also operating.Exhaust ventilation systems can also contribute to higher heating and
cooling costs compared with energy recovery ventilation systems because exhaust systems
do not temper or remove moisture from the make-up air before it enters the house.

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2. Supply system

Supply ventilation systems work by pressurizing the building. They use a fan to force
outside air into the building while air leaks out of the building through holes in the shell, bath-
and range-fan ducts, and intentional vents. As with exhaust ventilation systems, supply
ventilation systems are relatively simple and inexpensive to install. A typical system has a fan
and duct system that introduces fresh air into usually one—but preferably several—rooms that
residents occupy most (for example, bedrooms, living room, kitchen). This system may include
adjustable window or wall vents in other rooms.

Supply ventilation systems allow better control of the air that enters the house than do
exhaust ventilation systems. By pressurizing the house, these systems discourage the entry
of pollutants from outside and prevent backdrafting of combustion gases from fireplaces and
appliances. They also allow air introduced into the house to be filtered to remove pollen and
dust or to be dehumidified.Supply ventilation systems work best in hot or mixed climates.
Because they pressurize the house, they have the potential to cause moisture problems in
cold climates.

Like exhaust ventilation systems, supply ventilation systems do not temper or remove
moisture from the air before it enters the house. Thus, they may contribute to higher heating
and cooling costs compared with energy recovery ventilation systems. Because air is
introduced in the house at discrete locations, outdoor air may need to be mixed with indoor air
before delivery to avoid cold air drafts in winter. An in-line duct heater is another option, but it
will increase operating costs.

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3. Balanced / Combined system

Balanced ventilation systems, if properly designed and installed, neither pressurize nor
depressurize a house. Rather, they introduce and exhaust approximately equal quantities of
fresh outside air and polluted inside air, respectively. A balanced ventilation system usually
has two fans and two duct systems. It facilitates good distribution of fresh air by placing supply
and exhaust vents in appropriate places.

A typical balanced ventilation system is designed to supply fresh air to bedrooms and common
rooms where people spend the most time. It also exhausts air from rooms where moisture and
pollutants are most often generated, such as the kitchen, bathrooms, and the laundry
room.Like both supply and exhaust systems, balanced ventilation systems do not temper or
remove moisture from the air before it enters the house.They do, however, use filters to
remove dust and pollen from outside air before introducing it into the house.

Also, like supply ventilation systems, outdoor air may need to be mixed with indoor air before
delivery to avoid cold air drafts in the winter. This may contribute to higher heating and cooling
costs.Balanced ventilation systems are appropriate for all climates; however, because they
require two duct and fan systems, they are usually more expensive to install and operate than
supply or exhaust systems.

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Safety Aspects

Ideally, install direct vent (outdoor air for combustion) equipment

If direct vent equipment is not feasible, install induced draft or power vented
combustion appliances
Exhaust-only whole-house mechanical ventilation may not be appropriate where
natural draft and induced draft
appliances are installed Confirm that combustion appliances including fireplaces
are installed and commissioned in accordance with code and manufacturer
instructions
Perform worst case depressurization testing, as required, in accordance with industry
standards, such as from the Building Performance.

Components in mechanical ventilation system

There are 2 components that can be found in a mechanical ventilation system :

a) Fan
b) Exhaust
Exhaust are used to pull excess moisture and unwanted odors out of a particular
room or area. They are commonly found in bathrooms and kitchens, where moisture
can build up due to activities such as showering, washing, or cooking. They provide
ventilation to areas, reducing chemical fume buildup and removing other
contaminants that can be harmful when breathed in.

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Types of Fan

Types Describeption

Ceiling fan These fans typically consist of hub-mounted

rotating that help circulates and spread
around air evenly. Since ceiling fans are
suspended into the air from usually the
middle of the room, the air is equally
transferred in the entire space or the room.

Table fan Table fans are another highly popular and

preferred fan options by most people. You
can place table fans either on the table or
even on the floor; all it needs is a firm, solid
base. They are compact in size, convenient
to use and also super portable.Table fans
are also electrically powered and have a
motor unit running inside them

Tower fan Tower fans cover a large area since they

blow air at a 90-degree angle. They also
contain inlets on the sides of the machine
that allow them to pull in outside air.

Pedestal fan Pedestal fanbest known for their powerful

cooling abilities and their increased
versatility. Pedestal fans are described as
electric, oscillating fans that operate with the
help of a detachable stand that can be
adjusted as per your needs and requirement

Wall mounted fan wall mounted fans come to your ultimate

rescue! These are designed for compact and
tight spaces that have a really low or high
ceiling and also don’t consist of proper

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 wiring.

Misting fan Misting fans are a great way to when you

need to blow off heat and cool off during
intense summer periods.Interestingly,
misting fans need a supply of water that is
squirted out in the form of mist through high-
pressure pumps that are contained within
the fan system

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Air-conditioning system

Air Conditioning has been defined as the process for treating air, so as to control
simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness and distribution to meet the
requirements of the conditioned space.This process is typically applied to maintain a level of
personal comfort.It's also used in industrial applications to ensure correct operation of
equipment or machinery that need to operate in specific environmental conditions or
alternatively to be able to carry out certain industrial processes, such as welding, which
produce considerable amounts of heat that needs to be disposed of in some manner.An air-
conditioning system must be effective regardless of outside climatic conditions and involves
control over four fundamental variables: air temperature, humidity, movement and quality.

Air-conditioning system purpose:

AIR QUALITY
The air in such occupied space shall at all times be free from toxic, unhealthy, or
disagreeable gases, and shall be relatively free from dust. Filters of the proper size
will be used when dust removal is required. Filters shall be sized so as not to restrict
proper air velocity.
AIR TEMPERATURE
The temperature of the conditioned space shall be maintained and not exceed the
outdoor temperature.
AIR MOTION / VELOCITY
The air in the conditioned space shall at all times be in constant motion, sufficient to
maintain a reasonable uniformity of temperature and humidity, but not such as to
cause exceptional drafts. A velocity of approximately 6 to 9 meter per second (m/s)
measured with a velometer in the conditioned area shall be considered good design
conditions.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
The relative humidity shall not be less than 40% or more than 60% for any sustained
period during the operation of the cooling equipment.
AIR DISTRIBUTION
The standard allowance for concentration of carbon dioxide of one part in 12,000 at 3
feet or 1 meter above the floor level shall be an indication of air distribution in case
any question is raised. The quantity of fresh air shall not be less than 10 cubic feet or
0.283168 cubic meter of outside air per minute, per person, or one complete fresh air
change per hour in the total conditioned space, whichever is the greater.

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 Basic refrigeration cycle

Air conditioning system work by using basic refrigeration cycle by 4 components

include. Air conditioning use refrigeration to chill indoor air, taking advantages of a
remarkable physical law, when liquids convert to agas it will absorb heat.

The 4 components that were use are; -

i. Compressor
ii. Condenser
iii. Expansion valve
iv. Evaporator

1) COMPRESSOR: First the refrigerant is compressed; turn it into high pressure vapor. Then
it is sent into the condenser.

2) CONDENSOR: The axle fan will blow the condenser, where its function to cool the
refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle. To be exact, the fan is used as heat absorption from the
refrigerant; changing the refrigerant from high pressure vapor to high pressure liquid
(condensing process) in high temperature.

3) EXPANSION VALVE: The high-pressure liquid is sent into the expansion valve; turns into
low pressure liquid. Then it is sent into the evaporator.

4) EVAPORATOR: The evaporator taking the used indoor air the use it as evaporative
medium for changing the low-pressure liquid into low pressure vapors in evaporation

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process. As the refrigerant in the cycle absorb the heat of the air for the process, the used
air is changed into cooled air that being distributed into enclosed spaces needed.

5) Finally the low-pressure vapor is back to the compressor for the same process; the overall
process is repeated over and over again.

Components in the Refrigeration Cycle:

Compressor

it was used to remove heat-laden vapour

refrigeration from the evaporator of the air
conditioning.First the refrigeration is
compressed and it will turn into high
pressure vapour. Then will be sent to the
condenser.

The evaporator is a coil of pipe that has low

pressure liquid refrigerant inside of it. It
provides a heat absorbing surfaces as the
refrigerant is vaporizing and absorbing heat.
Air blown onto the surface of this pipe is
Evaporator cooled.

Condensor The axle fan will blow the condenser where

the function is to cool the refrigeration
cycle.The fan was used as heat absorption
and then it will be changing the form from
high pressure vapour to high pressure liquid
in high temperature.

Expansion Valve It is valve that meter liquid refrigerant into the

evaporator, It removes pressure from liquid
to allow expansion

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Types Of Air Conditioning

1. Centralized Air Conditioning System

Of all the diverse sorts of discuss conditioners, usually the foremost common sort of cooling
framework because it is the foremost best for bigger homes due to its capacity to cool
efficiently. Central discuss conditioners circulate cool discuss through supply and return
channels. Supply conduits and registers, which are within the divider or floors, carry cooled
discuss into the domestic. At that point, once the discuss gets to be warm it circulates back
into the supply channels and registers where it'll at that point be transported back to the
discuss conditioner. Introducing a central discuss conditioning framework requires a part of
arranging and arrangement as measuring is pivotal to the usefulness of the framework.

2. Split Air-Conditioning System.

-Outdoor unit

The outdoor unit houses the main mechanical components of the air conditioning system
such as the compressor and the condensor. In the process of the refrigerant, a high amount
of excess heat is generated.

Components of an outdoor units include, the compressor, the condensor, a cooling fan, and
the expansion valve.-Indoor unit

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The indoor unit is the part of the air conditioner that most people are familiar with and see
most often. It is the component that actually cools down the room and conditions the air. It
contains the evaporator, blower fan, supply air louvers, air filter, return air grille, drain pipe &
control panel. The blower fan sucks in air from the room which then goes through the filter
and then evaporator which leads to the air losing its heat and thi is what produces the
cooling effect.

3. WINDOW AIR CONDITIONER

Think of a window discuss conditioner as a compact unit, cooling as it were one specific room.
Too known as a “unitary unit,” this framework is introduced within the window of a room.
Window units cool a room be transmitting the warm discuss out the back of it and blowing cool
discuss into it. These sorts of units are best for those who live in little spaces. It would not be
perfect for a larger domestic as you may find that it doesn’t cool proficiently in that kind of
environment.

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Air Conditioning Safety Aspect

1. Change your air filter to keep it clean and reducing strain on the unit.
2. Ensure an adequate and safe power supply to your unit.
3. Avoid using an extension cord, which can become overheated and cause a fire
hazard.
4. Make sure the space around your HVAC unit is clear of any flammable and
combustible items.
5. Have your HVAC system inspected by a professional at least once a year, or ideally
in both spring and autumn.
6. Make sure your window unit is properly anchored into your window so that if a fire
were to start, the seal between the bracket and the opening will prevent the flames
from coming into your home
7. Check your fan and cooling unit occasionally to make sure cords and plugs are in
good condition.Make sure your air conditioner has a label showing that it is listed by
a recognized testing laboratory, such as Underwriters Laboratories Inc., MET
Laboratories Inc. or NSF International.
8. Other than visual safety inspections, you should have all HVAC work done by a
trained professional.

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

The term 'electricity' refers to the presence and flow of an electric charge. The most
common form is that which is used to power appliances, machines and devices by the flow
of electrons through conductors such as copper wires.Static electricity refers to electric
charges that are static and not moving, while an electric current is created when charges are
dynamic and moving.Something is defined as ‘electrical’ or ‘electric’ if it uses electricity to
function, is involved with the production or transmission of electricity, or is in some other way
related to electricity.An electrical system, within the context of a building, is a network of
conductors and equipment designed to carry, distribute and convert electrical power safely
from the point of delivery or generation to the various loads around the building that
consume the electrical energy.

Electrical system is a network of electrical components deployed to supply transfer

and use electric power. Example of electric power is the grid that provided power to an
extended area. Grid power system can be divided as generators that supply the power, the
transmission system that carries the power from the generating centres to the load centres,
and the distribution system that feeds the power to nearby homes and industries. These
systems rely upon two phase which is single-phase and three-phase system.

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Electricity Generation

The process of producing electric energy or the amount of electric energy produced by
transforming other forms of energy into electrical energy; commonly expressed in kilowatt-
hours (kWh) or megawatt-hours (MWh).Electricity is most often generated at a power plant
by electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat engines fuelled by combustion or
nuclear fission but also by other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind.
Other energy sources include solar photovoltaics and geothermal power.

Combustion Turbine for Gas & Oil Power Plant

Combustion Turbine for Biomass Power Plant
Coal Fired Power Plant
Hydroelectric Power Plant
Solar Power Hydrogen Fuel Cell Energy Plant

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Electricity Distribution

Power transmission is the movement of energy from its place of generation to a location
where it is applied to perform useful work. Most transmission lines are high-voltage three-
phase alternating current (AC), although single phase AC is sometimes used in railway
electrification systems. High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) technology is used for greater
efficiency over very long distances (typically hundreds of miles).

A distribution line is a line or system for distributing power from a transmission system to a
consumer that operates at less than 69,000 volts. When a voltage greater than 1 kilovolt and
less than 40 kilovolt is used for a particular power line, the power line is typically referred to
as a distribution line.Distribution line will supply to 1-phase or 3-phase users.

1) SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM

Figure 1

Single phase was usually used in most homes and small business. It able to supply ample
power for most smaller customer, including homes and small non-industrial businesses. the
adequate for running motors up to about 5 horsepower. A single-phase motor draw
significantly more current that the equivalent three phase system and making three phase
system power more efficient choice for industrial applications.

Single Phase Supply Applications :

This power supply is applicable for homes as well as businesses.

Used to supply plenty of power for homes, as well as nonindustrial businesses.

This power supply is sufficient to run the motors up to about 5 horsepower (hp).

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 2) THREE PHASE SYSTEM

Figure 2

Three phase system were commonly used in larger businesses, as well as industry
and manufacturing around the globe. It increasingly popular in power-hungry, and high-
density data centres. It increasingly expensive to convert from an existing single-phase
installation. But three phase allows for smaller, less expensive to run. It highly efficient for
equipment that were designed to run three phase system. And the common method of
altering current electric power generation, transmission and distribution. It is a type at
polyphase system and is the most common method used by electrical grids worldwide to
transfer power. It is also used to power large motors and other heavy loads.

Three Phase Supply Applications :

These types of supplies are used in power grids, mobile towers, data centres,
aircraft, shipboard, unmanned systems, as well as other electronic loads larger than
1000 watts.
It is applicable to industrial, manufacturing, and large businesses.

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 These are used in power-hungry and high-density data centres.

Safety Aspect of Electrical System

1. Never put fingers or other objects in an outlet

2. Keep metal objects out of toasters
3. Never use anything with a cord or plug around water
4. Never pull a plug out by its cord
5. Stay away from substations and power lines
6. Don't climb on power poles
7. Never fly kites near power lines
8. Stay away from broken or fallen power lines
9. Never touch or climb trees that are near power lines
10. Never touch big, metal transformer boxes with warning signs
11. Obey warning signs

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CHAPTER 3 : CASE STUDY

Mechanical ventilation in case study

The mechanical ventilation within the over writing survey comprises of different sorts of
frameworks depending on the sort and estimate of the building. The case consider which
stated in Pendang, Kedah, may be a low energy building which does not require expansive
mechanical ventilation framework to realize warm consolation. Be that as it may a few
spaces still require mechanical ventilation frameworks for the consolation and security of its
tenants.

Supply Ventilation system

This case study is using supply ventilation system due to better control of the air that moves
into the house; more exactly, they allow outdoor air to be filtered (to remove dust and
pollutants) or dehumidified, which is very important in high-humidity climates or in high-
humidity periods.

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Types of fan in case study

Ceiling fan The case study uses big ceiling fans located
above any open spaces of the building. The
ceiling fans helps to create wind to make the
surrounding air cooler.

Table fan In this case study, it also use table fan that help
to cool the enviromen

Pedestal fan In this case study, it also use pedestal fan that
helps to cool the surrounding air in the open
spaces of the building

Exhaust Fan Grease and smoke collecting to your walls and

ceilings will be prevented and it can be assured
that fresh air is circulating around you

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Maintainance

1) Fan
Start by cleaning the blades with a brush and then use a damp cloth that has
been dipped in soapy water to remove the remaining sticky stains. Second
tighten all screws. Ceiling fans are made of different parts that are put
together using screws. While the fan is running, it generates small vibrations
that loosen some of those screws. You can detect loose screws through a
noisy or shaky fan. Then lubricate the fan. Some ceiling fans require periodic
lubrication to operate smoothly. Use any light oil to fill the oil hole that is
located on the top side of the motor. Lastly, Check for movement.It is
important to check your ceiling fan for movements or wobbles. The center of
the fan should not make any side movement while the fan is in operation. If it
does, the fan needs to be balanced.

2) Exhaust Fan
If the exhaust fan includes mesh filters, remove them and pour boiling water
through them. Soak them in a mixture of hot water and ammonia (1/2 cup
ammonia to 1 gallon of water) for an hour. Remove the mesh from the soaking
solution and scrub the solution around the mesh. It’s not just the filter that
accumulates fat, the fan blades do as well. Use sodium phosphate cleaner for
cleaning blades! (wear a mask when you use this)

Recommendation

A. Install the exhaust fan At kitchen to oo keep the air clean, the use of kitchen exhaust
fan is required. Grease and smoke collecting to your walls and ceilings will be
prevented and it can be assured that fresh air is circulating around you by use of
kitchen exhaust fan. They can be installed in room having problem of humidity, gases
or smoke

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Air-conditioning system in Case study

The Case Study uses a split air conditioning framework, which are not standalone units. This
can be conceivable due to the capacity of the framework to control the sum refrigerant
streaming to the indoor units depending on the cooling needs of each space interior the
building. Typically based on basic gas compression / dissipation cycle. In line with this case
study’s maintainable plan methodology, the part discuss conditioning framework may be a
more energy-efficient discuss conditioning arrangement as compared as to customary units
at a relative higher introductory fetched.

ADVANTAGES OF SPLIT SYSTEM

• The widespread use of split systems is an affirmation of their advantages. They are
simple, reliable, and offer superior performance. Also, split systems are economical,
providing an advantageous balance of first cost and operating cost.

• Flexibility is the overriding advantage of a split system. Because a split system is

made up of multiple components that are connected through a custom designed
refrigerant piping system, the engineer has a large variety of possible solutions
available to meet architectural and physical requirements.

• Simplicity: Split systems are among the simplest of systems available for
commercial applications. Chilled water systems are significantly more complicated,
have more components, require more maintenance, and cost more to install than
split systems. Packaged rooftop systems are simpler in that there is only one major
component to install, but they lack the flexibility of a split system.

• Reliability: Split system components are mature products with long manufacturing
and development histories.

• Performance: Typical Energy Efficiency Ratios (EER) for condensing units range
from 10.2 to 11.8 at ARI standard conditions. When installed as a split system, typical
EER values for the condensing unit and air handler operating together range
between 8.7 and 10.0.

• Cost: Energy consumption of a split system (on a kW per ton basis) is higher than a
large central water chiller. But, for a single building with a total peak load less than
100 tons, a series of multiple split systems may have a life cycle cost advantage. The
building designer must thoroughly evaluate all pertinent installation, operating, and
maintenance costs to make an informed decision.

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Types split air conditioning that use at the case study is wall mounted split unit

Outdoor unit :

Indoor Unit:

Consideration of split air-conditioning

The indoor unit is located inside the room at the location from where the air
can be distributed evenly throughout the room.

As far as possible the indoor should be installed above the bed so that the
maximum cooling effect can be obtained. It should be located directly above
the bed. If one has to avoid the direct flow of chilled air on the body, one can
always change the direction of the louvers. The indoor unit can also be
installed on wall towards your feet though it can be installed on other side
walls also.

The wall mounted indoor unit should be located at the height of about 8 to 10
feet from the floor so that that most of the chilled air is used for cooling the
room and not merely for cooling the hot roof.

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 The indoor unit should be accessible easily so that one can conveniently
clean the filter every fortnight and the whole unit and also that one can
manually change the position of the louvers easily

Maintenance

1) Remove the Filters

The filters in your system are some of the most important components for checking the
functionality of your ductless air conditioner. Without proper maintenance, these filters can
lead to decreased efficiency.

To clean your air filters, you will want to carefully remove them from the inside of the unit.
Use a clean, dry cloth to gently wipe the filters clear of dirt and dust. You can check your
manual for information about how often you should complete this task, though typically you
will want to do this every four to six weeks for best results.

The filters are an important part in protecting the rest of your unit from dust accumulation
and greatly contribute to the air quality in your home. At some point, you may need to
replace the filters. If they cannot be sufficiently cleaned or are damaged, go ahead and
replace them.

2) Clean the Coil and Condenser

You will also want to maintain the outdoor portion of your unit. Because this portion is
essential to the continued operation of your system, you want to make sure that you
regularly maintain the condenser and coils. Outdoor dirt and debris can quickly collect on
this part of your unit, preventing it from working. If left unmaintained it can prevent the entire
system from working and cause a lot of damage

To clean, ensure that all the components are off and then use your regular garden hose to
spray the unit. Once you have completed this, make sure that the fins did not bend, and if
they did, you can use an alignment comb to return them to their original shape. You can then
dust off any final debris by hand, and be sure that the unit is completely dried off when
you’re done. Add this task to your weekly cleaning routine to ensure that your ductless air
conditioner regularly is attended to.

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 3) Clean the Pipes

The pipes are an essential in emitting the cold or heat into your home, and they are the
pathways between the outside and inside components of the machine. If left untouched, dirt,
dust and other items can collect and block air from entering your home. This obviously stops
your ductless air conditioner from working. Additionally, pipes can develop leaks, which
prevent proper functioning. You will want to take a look at these pipes every so often to
ensure they are clear. This is an easy step to address when you are cleaning your air filters,
so be sure to not let this task fall through the cracks.

4) Call a Professional

While there is a lot that you can do on your own to keep your unit running properly, you will
want to have a professional take a look to make sure that everything is functioning optimally.
Before you hire an air conditioner technician, be sure to make sure they have positive
reviews online and that they work for a reputable company.

A trained individual should look at a specific ductless air conditioner approximately once per
year. During this visit, they will look at your drain hoses and ensure that they are not
blocked, as well as identify refrigerant leaks. They will also investigate the electrical
connections and run capacitors. If there are any issues with these components, the
technicians will perform repairs or replacements to help your ductless air conditioning unit
reach its optimal performance.

Performing a regular check can help prevent bigger issues later. While it might be tempting
to do some of these things on your own, you might run the risk of making things worse and
destroying it.

5) Motor And Fan

Check the motor bearings. If the motor bearings are showing wear, the motor should be
replaced before failure occurs. Inspect the fan blade. If visible cracks or missing balancing
weights are detected, replace the fan blade

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Electrical System in Case Study

This Case Study is a domestic building which is a double storey building. This building
necessitate a lesser supply of electricity compared to commercial buildings. The electrical
supply is produced from the main power plant, supplied by Electric Utility Company Tenaga
Nasional Berhad (TNB). It is then delivered to the district transmission substation and further
transmitted to the TNB substation located within the building. This building also use Single
Phase Supply because This power supply is applicable for homes.

Single Phase Supply Benefits

• The design is less complex

• Design cost is less

• Most efficient AC power supply for up to 1000 watts

• Single Phase AC Power Supply is most competent for up to 1000 watts.

• Wide-range of application uses

Distribution line

The Distribution line carries electricity from the substation to the consumer’s end. It requires
a single phase supply system for carrying electricity. Carries electricity at a very low and safe
level of about 220 volts. They conduct less than 69 kV. Distribution line are thin as compared
to the transmission line

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Electrical components in Case Study

The Meter Electric

When electricity is delivered to your home, it first goes through your electrical meter box. This
is what measures how many units of energy your household uses. This is measured in kWh –
kilowatt hours – and is what your energy provider uses to determine how much power you
used during your billing cycle (and hence how much you will be charged)

Distribution Box

Distribution box is another easy to notice electrical part in your home. It consists 3 more
electrical parts, namely,Main Switch (MCCB – Moulded Case Circuit Breaker)

Trip Switch (RCCB – Residual Current Circuit Breaker) Circuit Breakers (CBs

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Main Switch (MCCB)

Every house or commercial building has a distribution box which is where the Main Switch is
located. It’s the first electrical part receiving the electricity from the electric meter inside your
house. Therefore the Main Switch is the responsible part to take down the electricity
throughout the house as required.

Wall Switches

Electricians can attach multiple lights to a single switch as long as the current rating of the
switch is not exceeded, for example all outdoor lights can be attached to a single switch letting
you light up them at once easily.

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Plug Sockets

There are plug sockets to get 5A, 13A or 15A current. Similar to wall switches, there are
different types of Plug Sockets based on pin type such as two-pin plugs and three-pin plugs
where the 3rd pin is for Earth Wire. To get these connections, electricians use two core wires
and three core wires.Plug Sockets come with a switch for extra protection, so you don’t get
electrocuted or harm your appliances while plugging. For safety, you need to OFF the switch
before plugging any plugs.

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CHAPTER 4 : CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

In general, the services framework in this Case Study complied the UBBL but the maintenance
for a few services did not carry out well. In spite of the fact that, it does not cause much issues
for presently but it is way better to keep the support in-check so that the disappointment of
framework can be anticipate. Through this venture, we were able to memorize almost the parts
of each administrations framework in residential buildings. The benefit framework in a building
can be categories into mechanical ventilation framework, air-conditioning framework and
electrical framework. Each of this framework plays an imperative part in guaranteeing the
building work legitimately and has their claim components which have diverse functions.

I also can learn many things about building services that have at my house. I can know what
types of building services at my house that help my family to stay at house with safely and
comfort.

Recommendation

Suggestion for this case consider is, application of mechanical ventilation framework within
the building. Mechanical ventilation framework in building is truly an imperative thing for warm
comfort for the tenant within the building. Suggestion for mechanical ventilation are deplete
framework. Indeed in spite of the fact that supply framework and combine framework are more
appropriate for climate purposes. however, in my opinion exhaust should be apply within the
building this is often since to bring out unsavory scent from the house from the building. A put
that ought to be applying this framework is kitchen and washroom. Debilitate fan are
suggested since it is reasonable and basic to be introduce. And I have no proposal for discuss
conditioning framework in this case ponder, since part unit are appropriate to be apply in room.
Indeed in spite of the fact that window unit can be introduced, but their thought in choosing
sort of discuss conditioner. Part unit can bring more stylish proposes to the room and include
more excellence and advanced see in.

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Reference

https://www.bchydro.com/safety-outages/electrical-safety/safety-at-home/safety-for-kids.html

https://www.accumaxinc.com/blog/blog-and-tips/air-
conditioning.html#:~:text=Air%20Conditioning%20Safety%20Tips&text=Ensure%20an%20a
dequate%20and%20safe,any%2

https://www.mobileair.com/tools/refrigeration-cycle-how-air-conditioner-
works#:~:text=In%20addition%20to%20refrigerant%2C%20an,%2C%20metering%20device
%2C%20an

https://www.homeinnovation.com/~/media/Files/Reports/TechNote_WH_Ventilation_102520
13.pdf

https://www.hometips.com/how-it-works/ventilation-systems-exhaust.html

https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/maintaining-your-air-conditioner

https://www.smartsciencepro.com/electrical-parts-house-wiring/

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