DIPLOMA IN BUILDING SURVEYING

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA CAWANGAN PERAK

KAMPUS SERI ISKANDAR

COURSE NAME: BUILDING SERVICES II

COURSE CODE: BSR221

COURSEWORK:

 MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

 AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM

 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

CLASS: AP1192J

SESSION: FEBUARY 2020 –JULY 2020

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 10 JULY 2020

NAME OF LECTURER: DR MUHAMMAD FADLI

NAME MATRICS NO
NABIL FIKRI BIN MOHD FADLI 2019240818

1
TABLE OF CONTENT
NO. CONTENT PAGE
1. 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO CASE STUDY 3
2. 2.0 BUILDING BACKGROUND TO CASE STUDY 4
3. 3.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM 5-7
3.1 Introduction to Mechanical Ventilation System
3.2 Types of system used in Case Study
3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of the System
3.4 Problem Faced by Occupant and Maintenance Staff
4. 4.0 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 8-11
4.1 Introduction to Air Conditioning System
4.2 Types of System used in Case Study
4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of the System
4.4 Problem Faced by Occupant and Maintenance Staff
5. 5.0 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 12-16
5.1 Introduction to Electrical System
5.2 Types of System used in Case Study
5.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of the system
5.4 Problem Faced by Occupant and Maintenance Staff
6. 6.0 RECOMMODATION 17
7. 7.0 CONCLUSION 18
8. 8.0 REFERENCES 19

2
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO CASE STUDY

Building services play important role in every aspect of the building. For example,
homes, office buildings, industrial plants, schools, public and government facilities and
computer technology all related to building services systems to create and maintain
safe, healthy and comfortable living and working environments. Basically, objective of
learning the building services are to introduce students the process and equipment of
various building services system and to expose students to the integration of various
building services systems in a building. The topic that are covered in this report is based
on what we learnt during our lecture classes, which is the Mechanical Ventilation
System, Air-Conditioning System and Electrical System. Mechanical Ventilation systems
are systems that provide better indoor air quality in homes and commercial buildings by
extracting stale air or by supplying fresh air. Air-Conditioner System or a machine that
treats air in a defined, usually enclosed area via a refrigeration cycle in which warm air is
removed and replaced with cooler air. Electric System is a network of electrical
components deployed to supply, transfer, and use electric power.

3
2.0 BUILDING BACKGROUND TO CASE STUDY

Figure1.1 Single Storey House

Case study that been doing for services were at resident building of Single Storey
House. This Single Storey House is own by Mohd Fadli Bin Abu Kassim. Mr Fadli live with
his family, his wife, his son, and two daughters. Mr Fadli live in this house for about years
until now. This is not the original looks of this house because Mr Fadli decided to renovate
the house.

Single Storey House were located at No 89, Jalan 3/3, Taman Intan Perdana, 71050
Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan. This house was building under City council Port Dickson and
built under Pemaju Intan Corp. This house was built in 1999 and finished in 2001, its been
19 years old. The size land area of this building is 1,399 ft² and built up is 736 ft².

This residential area is located southeast of downtown Port Dickson. It is located

about 15.7 km from the city center. In the area of Taman Intan Perdana there are many
terraced houses and there is also a flat house called Intan Court. The infrastructure available
at Taman Intan Perdana is like shops, playgrounds and public buildings.

4
3.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
3.1 INTRODUCTION OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

Mechanical ventilation is a building ventilation system that uses powered fans or

blowers. It used to provide fresh air to the rooms when the natural forces of air pressure and
gravity are not enough to circulate air through a building. Mechanical ventilation is used to
control indoor air quality, excess humidity, odours, and contaminants can often be controlled
via dilution or replacement with outside air. However, in humid climates specialised
ventilation systems can remove excess moisture from the air. Ceiling fans are commonly
seen as ventilation systems as they are usually the most visible mechanical system in a
building. However, ceiling fans do not provide real ventilation, as there is no introduction of
fresh air. Ceiling fans only circulate air within a room for the purpose of reducing the
perceived temperature by method of evaporation of perspiration on the skin of the
occupants. Also hot air rises therefore, ceiling fans may be used to keep a room warmer in
the winter by circulating the warm from the ceiling to the floor. Mechanical ventilation and
natural ventilation have many applications where they are used, but in most modern
intelligent design both are used for the best effectiveness and efficiency.

3.1.1 TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION

INFORMATION DESCRIPTION
SUPPLY SYSTEM Supply ventilation systems work by
pressurizing the building. They use a fan to
force outside air into the building while air
leaks out of the building through holes in
the shell, bath- and range-fan ducts, and
intentional vents.
EXTRACT/EXHAUST SYSTEM Exhaust ventilation systems work by
depressurizing the building. By reducing the
inside air pressure below the outdoor air
pressure, they extract indoor air from a
house while make-up air infiltrates through
leaks in the building shell and through
intentional, passive vents.
BALANCED/COMBINATION SYSTEM Balanced ventilation systems, if properly
designed and installed, neither pressurize
nor depressurize a house. Rather, they
introduce and exhaust approximately equal
quantities of fresh outside air and polluted
inside air, respectively. A balanced

5
 ventilation system usually has two fans and
two duct systems. It facilitates good
distribution of fresh air by placing supply
and exhaust vents in appropriate places.

3.2 TYPES OF VENTILATION USED IN CASE STUDY

In my case study in Single Storey House, the ventilation that be used in the building
is Mechanical Ventilation in Exhaust System. Exhaust System is a system that extracts local
sources of heat or contaminants at their sources, such as cooker hoods, fume cupboards
and so on.

INFORMATION DESCIRPTION
Types of ventilation Mechanical Ventilation (Exhaust System)
Types of Components

Figure 3.2.1 Exhaust Fan inside the kitchen

3.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Ventilation reduces the amount of  Will affects the efficiency of the
moisture in the interior of a home. heating and cooling in the room.

 Balance the correct humidity in the  Can depressurize a home.

building or room.

 Brings fresher, cleaner air into the  It can increase the workload of the
living environment. HVAC (heating, ventilating and air
conditioning) system.

 Can prevent from the likelihood of  It can lower the interior pressure
mold and fungus taking hold that can cause problems for natural
increases. ventilations appliances.

6
3.4 PROBLEM FACED BY OCCUPANT AND MAINTENANCE STAFF

Single Storey House use mechanical ventilation in their building. For the
maintenance, they use a comprehensive contract which is they will do the maintenance if the
components are in problem. This is shown that it has their disadvantages to use
comprehensive contract because the components need to be maintained in a scheduled
time. For example, once in a month. It is because the components can be broken in
unexpected time, so it must have a scheduled time to do the inspection and maintenance at
the components.

Next, when the building use the mechanical ventilation, it cause the heating and cooling
efficiency is reduced and can affect the workload of the HVAC system

7
 4.0 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

4.1 INTRODUCTION OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A/C, or air con) is the process of removing
heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied space to improve the comfort of
occupants. Air conditioning can be used in both domestic and commercial environments.
This process is most commonly used to achieve a more comfortable interior environment,
typically for humans and other animals; however, air conditioning is also used to cool and
dehumidify rooms filled with heat-producing electronic devices, such as computer servers,
power amplifiers, and to display and store some delicate products, such as artwork.

Air conditioners often use a fan to distribute the conditioned air to an enclosed space such
as a building or a car to improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality. Electric refrigerant-
based AC units range from small units that can cool a small bedroom, which can be carried
by a single adult, to massive units installed on the roof of office towers that can cool an
entire building. The cooling is typically achieved through a refrigeration cycle, but sometimes
evaporation or free cooling is used. Air conditioning systems can also be made based on
desiccants (chemicals which remove moisture from the air). Some AC systems reject or
store heat in subterranean pipes.

4.1.1 Purposes of Air Conditioning System

Purposes of Air Conditioning System

Comfort

Control

AIR QUALITY TEMPERATURE AIR VELOCITY RELATIVE

CONTROL HUMIDITY
Free from outdoor, 22° C
toxic, gases, bacteria 6-9 m/s 40%-60%
& micro organisms

8
4.1.2 TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Window Unit

Figure 4.1.2.1 Window Unit

Centralised System

Figure 4.1.2.2 Centralised System

9
Split Unit

Figure 4.1.2.3 Split Unit

10
4.2 TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONING THAT USED IN CASE STUDY

In my case study, A single storey house have been chosen as a case study place. Air
condition system that used in this case study which is split system.

For split system, a split air conditioning system consists of an outdoor compressor
and an indoor air-handling unit. It is not built into an existing forced-air furnace but, instead,
is mounted to wall or ceiling. It works by removing heat from inside your home and taking it
outdoors through its refrigerant system.

Figure 4.2.1

4.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages
less energy waste
saving money in the long run
multiple units installed in a variety of places
and set at different temperatures
Disadvantages
Placement is done incorrectly.
Not always aesthetically pleasing

4.4 PROBLEM FACED BY OCCUPANT AND MAINTENANCE STAFF

11
 In this Single Storey House, sometime problem can be happen which is improper
operation. If your air conditioner is on, be sure to close your home’s window and outside
door. This house does not have perfect isolation room for the air conditioner run properly.

The compressor and fan controls can wear out, especially when the air conditioner
turns on and off frequently, as is common when a system is oversized. Because corrosion of
wire and terminals is also a problem in many systems, electrical connections and contacts
should be checked during a professional service call.

12
5.0 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
5.1 INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
In our basic life, electricity is really important for us. Almost every things that people
do very related and always use electricity. In electrical, electric power system is really
important because it is a real-time energy delivery systems. Real time means the power is
generated, transported and supplied when the electric is turn on. Electrical power system are
not in storage like other system because electrical power system is generated from the
generators.

Electrical energy produced by the power plant and have been transformed to the
high-voltage energy. It is because it more suitable for suitable for efficient long-distance
transportation. The power plant functions is transform other sources of energy such as heat,
mechanical, solar, geothermal and other energy sources in process of produce the electrical
energy.

Devices that connect to the power system known as electrical loads. Examples of
electrical loads is toaster, refrigerators and so on. There are three types of electrical loads
which is resistive load, inductive loads and capacitive loads. They according to their leading
time relationship between voltage and current. The name of the loads is amazing because
they have own specific characteristic that make them unique.

Figure 5.1.1

13
5.2 TYPES OF SYSTEM USED IN CASE STUDY
In my case study, electrical system that used at whole of the single storey house is
single phase motor. A single-phase motor is an electrically-powered rotary machine that can
turn electric energy into mechanical energy.

It works by using a single-phase power supply. They contain two types of wiring: hot
and neutral. Their power can reach 3Kw and supply voltages vary in unison. They only have
a single alternating voltage. The circuit works with two wires and the current that runs across
them is always the same.

In most cases these are small motors with a limited torque. However, there are
single-phase motors with a power of up to 10 hp that can work with connections of up to
440V.They do not generate a rotating magnetic field; they can only generate an alternate
field, which means that they need a capacitor for startup. They are easy to repair and
maintain, as well as affordable. This type of motor is used mainly in homes, offices, stores
and small non-industrial companies. Their most common uses include home appliances,
home and business HVAC and other appliances such as drills, air conditioners and garage
door opening and closing systems.

Figure 5.2.1

14
5.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
Lightweight, Compact Unit
As the transmission voltage is high, the
current through the line will be less. This
means that the conductor can be quite
lightweight and compact in size, which also
results in the supporting tower becoming
lighter. The unit is, overall, quite a portable
one.
Efficient Transmission
Another result of the low current is that the
I2R losses are reduced. This means that
the efficiency of the transmission increases,
ensuring that the unit operates at its
optimum.
Less Substations Required
Another result of the I2R reduction is that
the distance between the two substations
can be increased. This means that fewer
substations are required for these systems.
The substations can also be located near to
the high voltage grid, which reduces the
initial cost of transmission.
5.4 PROBLEM FACED BY OCCUPANTS AND MAINTENANCE STAFF
Disadvantages
High Insulation Costs
As the system voltage is quite high, you will
find that the cost of insulation is quite
expensive. Insulation depends on the
voltage of the unit, whilst the size of the
wire will depend on the current. So, whilst
the motor will run quite efficiently, it will be
costly to insulate.
Not Uniform Torque
You will also find that the torque obtained
by these units is not uniform, like that
obtained by three phase and even DC
motors. This is a result of the frequency and
can affect operation quality.
Cannot Handle Overload
Finally, you will also find that these units
cannot handle much overload, whereas DC
models can handle a lot of overload quite
easily. If your application is likely to
overload the system, this is not the best
motor choice and you would be better off
looking elsewhere.
15
 For this Single Storey House, the problem faced by occupants is the socket plug is
not enough and the occupants have buy extension for extra socket. Sometimes the the
extension can be a problem when the wire in extension not correct can cause damage to the
socket.

Electrical surges can be caused by anything from lightning strikes, damage to power
lines, faulty appliances and bad electrical wiring in the house. While an actual surge only
lasts a microsecond, frequent surges can damage the electrical components connected to
this home, degrading their life expectancy significantly.

16
6.0 RECOMMENDATION
During study about this house, we know that this house does not use air conditioner
properly because of the slightly gap or opening between indoor and outdoor can cause the
room loss its cooling. Sometimes this problem can increase the cost of electrical and
maintenance rapidly. So I recommend that the owner to use air conditioner when it need to
or make sure the opening and the gap were seal. Mechanical ventilation of the building also
should be improved, this is because this single storey house was small and need to refresh
the air continuously to achieve the thermal comfort.

17
7.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, for my study at the Single Storey House, I have gained many
information about the services used in the building. The house has many building services
installed for the benefits of the occupants. This is my parents house, but we as a family have
to taking care of our building services such as fan or air conditioner to make sure that
services give us comfort to not just my family but to everyone who come to visit. When I
come to emergency, my house equipped with the emergency services like a fire extinguisher
and fire alarm system to use when something like fire start to happen in the house. My
house also provided means of escapes route in case of emergency to exit the building. So,
all the services are very come in handy for us and give the advantages for the building Even
though all the services give us the advantages, they also have disadvantages that are very
common in resident house. For the examples, the house not big and have 2 or even 1 exit
for escapes route when fire happen in the building. This is dangerous because when
emergency happen, people always panic and will rush to escape from it but getting block by
something else. There will be incident or fall happen during the escape caused by the panic.
We must know that everything come in handy have their consequences too. So, that all that I
can concluded in this report. I have gained many information during my case study and also
during the time I complete this report and I will use this knowledge for my future references.

18
8.0 REFERANCE
 https://nearsay.com/c/258394/88157/advantages-disadvantages-of-a-central-split-air-
conditioning-system

 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/15368-mechanical-ventilation#:~:text=a
%20mechanical%20ventilator%3F-,A%20mechanical%20ventilator%20is%20a
%20machine%20that%20helps%20a%20patient,their%20main%20airway%20or
%20trachea.

 https://www.cedengineering.com/userfiles/Intro%20to%20Air%20Conditioning
%20Systems.pdf

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_ventilation

 https://www.gordonrussell.com/articles-14-single-phase-motor---types-uses-
advantages-and-disadvantages#:~:text=Advantages%3A%20There%20are%20many
%20benefits,are%20fairly%20easy%20to%20complete.

 https://cargocollective.com/electricmotors/Advantages-And-Disadvantages-Of-Single-
Phase-Motors

19