CHAPTER 3.

0: CASE STUDY

3.1 FIRE PROTECTION

3.1.1 TYPES OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

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NO. PHOTO DESCRIPTION
1. Fire extinguishers are
incredibly significant since
they are the most generally
utilized mode of fire defense.
In many circumstances they
are a first line of defense and
frequently confine or
extinguish a fire, saving
significant damage. Firm
Figure 3.1.1 Fire Extinguisher
owners often perceive fire
extinguishers as red cans
merely sitting on the wall,
and expenditure to run their
business.
2. Fire hose reels are
positioned at key areas in
buildings to offer quick
access and a regulated
supply of fire retardant such
as water or foam to
extinguish a fire. To provide
a reasonably accessible and
controlled supply of water to
Figure 3.1.2 Fire Hose Reel
combat a potential fire risk.

3. A fire blanket consists of a

piece of fire-resistant fabric
likes woven glass fiber. It
shuts off the flow of oxygen
smothering totally or lowering
the size of the flames. Due of
its simplicity, a fire blanket
may be more beneficial for
someone who is unskilled
Figure 3.1.3 Fire Blankets
with fire extinguishers. To
extinguish a small fire or to
wrap around a person in
case of a fire

4. Sprinkler System is an
automated system meant to
2 detect, control and extinguish
fires and notify fire dwellers.
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

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NO. PHOTO DESCRIPTION
1. The function is to reduce the
spread of fire and smoke
between separate
compartments of a structure
and to enable safe egress
from a building or structure
or ship. Fire doors also
enable the
Figure 3.1.8 Fire Doors compartmentalization of
structures, helping in slowing
the spread of flames. Since
these compartments are
frequently connected by the
fire doors, they serve two
roles; when closed they
create a barrier to limit the
spread of fire and when
opened they give a method
of escape.
2. The function is to guide
people to safety during an
emergency. It is designed to
make sure that in the case of
the usual power supply
failing, light is delivered
Figure 3.1.9 Emergency Exit Lights
swiftly, automatically and for
adequate duration. This will
guarantee that people of a
building are able to exit
safely in the case of an
emergency, such as a fire.
3. The function is to protect
load bearing elements of
buildings against fire.
Intumescent coatings,
usually referred to as
intumescent paint, are
Figure 3.1.10 Intumescent Paint employed in buildings as a
passive fire protection
strategy. They may be
applied to structural
4 elements as an aesthetically
pleasant fireproofing product.
3.1.3 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE

Having your premises equipped up with the thought required hearthplace protection
system enables to safeguard each your building to the people in and round it. But at
the same time as having these kinds of equipment is a terrific start, looking for
protection of your structure is an essential and should not simply neglect. Put off the
charge of service and preservation for exceptional protection and the building will be
safe for everyone.

• INSPECTION FOR ABNORMAL INDICATIONS

Inspect and monitor the condition of control panel daily for power supply, damage of
lamp, button, switch and else. Observe for any abnormal noise.

• INSPECTION OF WATER PUMP AND MOTOR

Monthly, normal functioning of the pump and motor must be verified. In order that
pump operation test is carried out, the discharge valve of the pump must be closed
and pump drain valve to be opened. The inspection point is to examine whether
water pressure complies with pump specification and lies in the characteristic curve.
Check for any abnormal noise or leakages from the pump and related piping system.
Do not forget to check for the suction and discharge pressures when pump is in test
operation.

• CHECK FOR WIRE DISCONNECTION AND LAMP TEST

Monthly, the condition of the control panels should be examined. Press the
‘BUZZER/LAMP TEST’ button on the control panel and verify whether the buzzer
operate flawlessly. In the panel check for condition of connection between wire
terminal and terminal block. Be wary of loosening of the screw bolt in the terminal
block, the vibration of ship hull structure may bring about such issue. Red light
indication of the section solenoid valves denotes a wire separation.

• CHECK FOR ALARMS

For every 6 months, call the maintenance for check up on visible and audible alarm.

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Visible and audible alarms are:
1. Mist operation in local alarm device
2. Pre warning and mist operation in main control panel
3. Pre warning and mist operation in repeater or fire panel
4. Fire detection in alarm control panel
Visible only alarms are:
5. Pump in manual mode, in main control panel
6. Pump power fail in main control panel
7. Motor protection in main control panel
8. Solenoid valve disconnection in main control panel

3.1.4 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVATAGES DISADVANTAGES
Environmentally friendly, no chemicals The power of discharge of the gas must
used be taken into mind (most devices are
capable of blowing artifacts across the
room)
Scalable to any size of protected regions They must be appropriately confined
and number of protected compartments within the discharge chamber
Very tiny footprint and minimal building They require above-average upkeep.
space required
No damages by fire, released water, Storage tanks for the suppression agent
foam or other extinguishing agents must be refilled
Easy to install and maintain The extra technology necessary might
become expensive

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3.2 AIR - CONDITIONING SYSTEM

3.2.1 TYPES OF AIR - CONDITIONING

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NO. PHOTO DESCRIPTION
1. A window AC unit employs
the same principles as any
other sort of air conditioning
system. It employs
refrigeration capabilities to
remove heat and humidity
from a space while chilling
air to flow into the room.

Figure 3.2.1 Window Air Conditioners

2. A portable air-conditioner
works by extracting the
heated air from your room,
eliminating and expelling the
heat (and humidity, if it has a
dehumidifying function), and
filling your space with cooler,
drier air. Its built-in
thermostat guarantees the
Figure 3.2.2 Portable Air Conditioners specified temperature in your
room is continually
maintained.

3. An air conditioning system

allows you get complete
control over the temperature
in your home or workplace
area. If such is the case,
multi-split air conditioners are
your best option. This is
because this air conditioner
Figure 3.2.3 Wall Hung Split or Multi Head Split
type enables you operate
Air Conditioners
several air conditioners with
just one exterior compressor.
4. Ducted air conditioning
works by funnelling cold air
from a central unit (typically
located in your roof) via a

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system of ducts to every
room in your house. The
circulation of air is commonly
3.2.2 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE

1. REPLACING THE FILTERS IN YOUR HVAC SYSTEM

It is the most crucial activity to keep your air conditioner functioning smoothly. The
more you use your air conditioning (or heating) system, the more frequently you need
to replace the HVAC filter. Some chores are better left to the specialists. It’s
important that you have a skilled HVAC expert execute the following inspection
steps:

2. CLEAN THE COILS

Dirt and dust generally collect on the AC’s evaporator and condenser coils,
decreasing airflow in the unit and their capacity to absorb heat. To maintain AC
running effectively, dirt and debris are meticulously cleaned from the coils. Inspect
and Unclog the Drain Occasionally, the drain channel of your HVAC system may get
blocked by the growth of mold and algae, which must be removed.

3. STRAIGHTEN AND CLEAN THE FINS

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There are metal fins on the AC’s evaporator and condenser coils that may easily get
bent, blocking regular airflow to your HVAC system. Straightening and cleaning the
fins restores correct airflow and boosts the efficiency of your system.

4. CHECK AND TEST THE REFRIGERANT

An HVAC specialist will check to make sure that the right quantity of refrigerant is
being utilized, and that there are no current refrigerant leaks or symptoms of potential
leaks.

5.CHECK AIR FLOW

Air flow is vital to the function of your air conditioner. Your local HVAC professional
will monitor the airflow through the evaporator coil, check for leaks in ductwork, and
repair any leaks that are identified.

5. INSPECT ELECTRIC CONTROLS AND TERMINALS

Your AC unit will not operate if the control board doesn’t function correctly. Your
HVAC expert will examine the control board to verify that connections are tight and
working.

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3.3 OPERATION SYSTEM

Air conditioners come in a variety of shapes and sizes, but they all run on the same
underlying premise. An air conditioner delivers cool air within your home or enclosed
space by actually reducing heat and humidity from the inside air. It returns the cooled
air to the inside environment, and transfers the undesirable heat and humidity
outside. A standard air conditioner or cooling system utilizes a specialized chemical
called refrigerant, and has three key mechanical components: a compressor, a
condenser coil and an evaporator coil. These components work together to rapidly
convert the refrigerant from gas to liquid and back again. The compressor enhances
the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant gas and sends it to the condenser
coil where it is transformed to a liquid. Then the refrigerant travels back inside and
enters the evaporator coil. Here the liquid refrigerant evaporates, and cools the inside
coil. A fan sweeps inside air over the cold evaporator coil where the heat within the
dwelling is absorbed into the refrigerant. The cooled air is then circulated throughout
the home while the heated evaporated gas is transported back outside to the
compressor. The heat is later released into the external air when the refrigerant
returns to a liquid form. This technique continues until your residence has acquired
the right temperature.

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3.4 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Reduce High Humidity Noise pollution is caused by ambient

noise.

Better Air Quality Expensive cost.

Reduce The Risks Of Dehydration and Air circulation can also spread
Heat Stroke contagious respiratory illnesses.

Decrease Work Stress The use of an air conditioner regularly

dries the skin and mucous membranes.

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