Structural Engineer in the

Design of STP, ETP and

WTP
Webinar
Contents

● Structural Engineering And Structural Engineers

● WTP - Water Treatment Plant
● STP - Sewage Treatment Plant
● ETP - Effluent Treatment Plant
● Role Of Structural Engineers In WTP, STP & ETP
● Job opportunities
Structural Engineering And Structural
Engineers
● Structural Engineering is one of the important branch of
Civil Engineering which makes a significant contribution
to infrastructure industry as well as residential and
recreational developments.
● Structural engineering provides us the detailed knowledge
on how a structure withstands dead load, imposed load and
applied pressure.
Structural Engineering And Structural
Engineers
● Structural engineering is a systematic study of the stability
of the structure, strength and rigidity of structure to resist
different forces.
● Structural engineers commonly work with architects,
builders, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineers to
ensure that all parts of the structure are safe and capable of
fulfilling the requirements of a project.
Structural Engineering And Structural
Engineers
● Structural engineer helps in planning a project from its
initial stage up to commissioning as there are different
aspects such as
○ Structural arrangements of different parts of the project
○ Construction material used for the project
○ Preparation of the construction drawings
● Structural engineer generally requires detailed knowledge
of relevant design codes so that he can use them to solve
the technical problems that arise in a project.
Water treatment Plant (WTP)

● WTP - Water treatment is the process of removing the

impurities from raw water and making it suitable for
drinking.
● WTP process may vary slightly at different locations,
depending on the technology of the plant and the water it
needs to process, but the basic principles are largely the
same.
Water treatment Plant (WTP)

● Steps involved in Water Treatment Plants includes:

○ Collection
○ Screening and Straining
○ Chemical Addition
○ Coagulation and Flocculation
○ Sedimentation and Clarification
○ Filtration and Disinfection
○ Storage and finally Distribution
 Water treatment Plant (WTP)

By;Maria Elena Besana, DensityDesign Research Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45099711
Benefits of WTP

● A Water Treatment Plant aims to ensure that water is

○ Safe for human consumption
○ Pleasant in taste
○ Provided at a reasonable cost
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

● STP - The removal of contaminants from domestic and

municipal wastewater, containing mainly household
sewage plus some industrial wastewater is called sewage
treatment.
● Physical, chemical, and biological processes are used to
remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater that
is safe enough to release into the environment.
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

● A by-product obtained from sewage treatment is a semi-

solid waste / slurry, called sewage sludge.
● The sludge has to undergo further treatment before being
suitable for disposal or application to land.
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

● There are generally four types of processes included in

STP
○ Preliminary method
■ The initial process called the preliminary method where most of the
coarse solids are removed.
■ This process includes the use of large filtering screens to help
remove solid objects.
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
○ Primary treatment
■ After preliminary method, the sewage passes to the primary
treatment where 60 percent of loose solids are removed as they sink
to the bottom and only the water oil grease and water remain afloat.
This phase removes at least 60 percent of loose solids.
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
○ Secondary treatment
■ When the wastewater comes to the secondary phase the Effluents are
treated further to remove dissolve suspended biological matter.
■ The secondary treatment uses sedimentation and biological sludge.
■ This treatment involves a separation process for removing micro-
organisms before releasing it into tertiary stage of treatment.
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
○ Tertiary treatment
■ In the last and final stage, the water again moves to filters to remove
more waste if any found lingering from the secondary treatment.
■ The wastewater then is disinfected chemically either through micro-
filtration which filters the water completely before releasing it to the
seawater, lakes or ponds.
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

By Leonard G. at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39975544

Benefits of STP

● Helps to control water pollution as the toxic chemicals /

solvents removed before disposal of waste.
● Treated water can be used for irrigation and construction
purpose.
● Cost-effective over time, with only installation, power and
maintenance charges.
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

● ETP - Effluent Treatment Plant is a process design for

treating the industrial waste water for its reuse or safe
disposal to the environment.
● After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater may be
reused or released to a sewer or to a surface water in the
environment.
● Industrial effluents contain various materials, depending on
the industry.
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

● Some effluents contain oil and grease, and some contain

toxic materials (e.g., cyanide).
● Effluents from food and beverage factories contain
degradable organic pollutants.
● Since industrial wastewater contains a diversity of
impurities and therefore ETP is required.
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

● ETP works at various levels involving physical, chemical

and biological membrane processes to treat wastewater
from different industrial sectors like chemicals, drugs,
pharmaceutical, refineries, dairy, ready mix plants & textile
etc.
● The treatment of effluents varies with its type.
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

● Effluent treatment plant goes through several processes

before it goes into the environment.
● Effluent treatment plant process include the following
stages:
○ Preliminary Treatment
■ Its purpose is to physically separate large sized contaminants.
■ For example cloth, paper, plastics and wood logs.
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
○ Primary Treatment
■ Its purpose is to remove floating and settleable materials such as
suspended solids and organic matter.
○ Secondary or Biological Treatment
■ The objective of this treatment is to further treat the effluent from
primary treatment to remove the suspended solids and residual
organics.
■ This step involves biological and chemical processes.
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
○ Tertiary / advanced / disinfection treatment
■ The purpose of tertiary treatment is to provide a final treatment stage
to raise the effluent quality to the desired level before it is reused,
recycled or discharged to the environment.
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

Source: Indiamart
Benefits of ETP

● Treating industry effluent and recycle it for further use.

● To reduce the usage of fresh water in industries
● To preserve natural environment against water pollution.
● To meet the standards for emission of pollutants set by the
Government and avoid heavy penalty
Role of Structural Engineers in WTP,
STP & ETP
● The treatment process includes different types of
underground and overhead RCC tanks and buildings in
which the processes occur.
● So for ensuring the proper stability of the structure a
Structural Engineer is required.
● There are different types of water pressure / forces
included in WTP, STP and ETP tanks which needs proper
analysis and it is done by structural engineer.
Role of Structural Engineers in WTP,
STP & ETP
● Structural Engineer finalise the design of beams, columns
and foundation including proper sizing and providing the
required reinforcement for strengthening the structure.
● Structural Engineer decides the thickness of RCC walls,
wall footings and its reinforcement required.
● Also they will release the civil drawings that are essential
for construction.
Role of Structural Engineers in WTP,
STP & ETP
● Structural Engineers use different codes to tackle different
technical problems that arise during the analysis.
● They will perform seismic and wind analysis for structure
as per the requirement of the project.
Role of Structural Engineers in WTP,
STP & ETP
● Type of Loads
○ Dead load (Self weight, constant load in a structure, equipment
load )
○ Impose/Live load (variable or moving loads)
○ Water Pressure
○ Earth Pressure
○ Seismic loads
○ Wind loads
Role of Structural Engineers in WTP,
STP & ETP
● Structural Engineers consider different types of loads
essential for designing the structure and use them for
considering load combinations required for proper analysis.
Job Opportunities

● Structural Design Engineer

● Hydraulic/Process Engineer
● Quantity Surveyor
● Civil/Site Engineer
Questions?
THANK YOU