MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI

A
Micro Project
On
PROCESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
For the requirements of partial fulfillment curriculum of
DIPLOMA
In
COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Submitted by

MISS.PRIYANKA CHIDANAND HUCHAGOND

MISS. PRATIKSHA MADHUKAR JADHAV
MISS.PRATIKSHA DNYANDEV MOKASHI
MISS.SAKSHI BALU SHINDE

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF.R. B. MORE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC, MAHAGAON
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-23
 SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL HOSPITAL &RESEARCH CENTER, MAHAGAON

“SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC”

A/P –MAHAGAON, SITE –CHINCHEWADI, TAL-GADHINGLAJ, DIST-KOLHAPUR

Certificate

This is to that the following students of 5th Semester of Diploma in Computer Engineering of
Institute SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC, MAHAGAON-416502.
(CODE-0965) has completed Micro project on PRECESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
satisfactory in subject “OSY” subject code 22516 for academic year 2022 to 2023 as
prescribed
In the curriculum.
ROLL NO ENROLLMENT NO SEAT NO STUDENT NAME

23 2009650057 PRATIKSHA D MOKASHI

45 2009650017 PRIYANKA C HUCHGOND

53 2009650018 PRATIKSHA M JADHAV

36 2009650052 SAKSHI B SHINDE

DATE: / / PLACE: MAHAGAON

PROF. R. B. MORE PROF. R. S. PATIL PROF. D. B. KESTI

(Project Guide) (Head of Department) (Principal)

 INDEX

Sr.no Content Page No.

1. Micro-project Proposal-Annexure-I 1-3

2. Micro-project-Annexure-II 4-10

3. Micro-project Evaluation Annexure-III 11-13

 PARTA-MICRO-PROJECT PROPOSAL

TITLE: TO CREATE REPORT ON PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN

OPERATING SYSTEM.

1. Rationale
Process management is one of the important in Operating System. It is necessary to study
the details of process management.

2. Intended Course Outcomes

 Execute process command for performing process management operations.

3. Literature Review
Process management involves tasks related to processing like creation, scheduling, termination,
deadlock, etc. The operating systems allocate resources that allow the process to exchange
information. It synchronies among processes and safeguards the resources of other processes.

4. Proposed Methodology

 To collect information related to the title of the micro-project from internet resource
websites = www.javatpoint.com ,www.geeksforgeeks.com www.tutorilalspoint.com
 To organize the information collected as per micro project format.
 Distribute the task for typing to team members.

4
1. Action Plan

Process Process
Name of
Sr. Details of activity started Finis
group
No date h members
date
To collect information Pratiksha Jadhav
1.
related to the title of
micro-project.
To meet the subject Priyanka
Teacher and taking the Huchgond
2. guidelines about this
Topic.
Searching the information Pratiksha
Mokashi
related to the topic of project.
3.
We organize information Sakshi Shinde
collected as per project
4. format.
We distribute the task for typing Pratiksha
Jadhav,Sakshi
of team members
Shinde

5.
Starts the procedure for project. Pratiksha
And making a soft copy of Mokashi,Priya
nka Huchgoof
6. project report. teamnd
Then show the soft copy of Pratiksha
Jadhav,Pratiksha
project report to the subject
Mokashi,sakshi
teacher and then we do the shinde,priyanka
Huchagond
corrections teacher's shows
7. in the report.

5
 Then we submitted the Pratiksha
Jadhav,
hardcopy of the project
Pratiksha
Report to subject teacher. Mokashi
8.

6
5. Resources Required(major resources like material, tools ,software ,etc.)

Name of Resource/
Sr. Specification Qty Remarks
Material
No.
i3,4GBRAM,500GBHDD,
1 Desktop PC, Used
LCD screen ,KBD, Mouse 1
2 Internet Connection Browser Google chrome 1 Used
MS-Office (MS-word,
3 Software 1 Used
MS-Excel, MS-
PowerPoint)

6. Name of team members with Roll Number:

Sr Roll Name of Student Enrollment Number

No. No
1 15 Pratiksha Madhukar Jadhav 2009650018

2 48 Pratiksha Dnyandev Mokashi 2009650057

3 14 Priyanka Chidanand Huchgond 2009650017

4 42 Sakshi Balu Shinde 2009650052

 PART B–Micro–Project Report

TITLE: TO CREATE REPORT ON PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN

OPERATING SYSTEM.

1.0 Rationale
Process management is one of the important in os. It is necessary to study the details
of process management.

2.0 Intended Course Outcomes:-

 Execute process command for performing process management operations.

3.0 Literature Review:-

Process management involves tasks related to processing like creation, scheduling,

termination, deadlock, etc. The operating systems allocate resources that allow the process to
exchange information. It synchronies among processes and safeguards the resources of other
processes.

 What is a Process?
Process: Process is the execution of a program that performs the actions specified in
that program. It can be defined as an execution unit where a program runs. The OS helps
you to create, schedule, and terminates the processes which is used by CPU. A process
created by the main process is called a child process. Process operations can be easily
controlled with the help of PCB(Process Control Block). You can consider it as the brain
of the process, which contains all the crucial information related to processing like
process id, priority, state, CPU registers, etc.
 What is Process Management?
A Program does nothing unless its instructions are executed by a CPU. A program in
execution is called a process. In order to accomplish its task, process needs the computer
resources. There may exist more than one process in the system which may require the
same resource at the same time. Therefore, the operating system has to manage all the
processes and the resources in a convenient and efficient way. Some resources may need
to be executed by one process at one time to maintain the consistency otherwise the
system can become inconsistent and deadlock may occur. The operating system is
responsible for the following activities in connection with Process Management System.

 Scheduling processes and threads on the CPUs.

 Creating and deleting both user and system processes.
 Suspending and resuming processes.
 Providing mechanisms for process synchronization.

 Process States:

When a process executes, it passes throught different state.These stages may differ in
different operating system, In general, a process can have one of the following five states
at a time.
SR. State & Description
NO.
1 Start: This is the initial state when a process is first started/created.
Ready: The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor. Ready
2 processes are waiting to have the processor allocated to them by the
operating system so that they can run. Process may come into this state
after Start state or while running it by but interrupted by the scheduler to
assign CPU to some other process.
3 Running: Once the process has been assigned to a processor by the OS
scheduler, the process state is set to running and the processor executes
its instructions.

4 Waiting: Process moves into the waiting state if it needs to wait for are
source, such as waiting for user input, or waiting for a file to become
available.
Terminated or Exit: Once the process finishes its execution, or it is
5 terminated by the operating system, it is moved to the terminated state
where it waits to be removed from main memory.

 Process Control Block(PCB):

 A Process Control Block is structure maintained by the Operating System for every
process.
 The PCB is identified by an integer process ID(PID).
 APCBkeepsalltheinformationneededtokeeptrackofaprocessaslistedbelowinthetable–

Process Control Block(PCB)

S. Information & Description
N.
1 Process State: The current state of the process i.e., whether it is ready,
running ,waiting ,or whatever.

2 Process privileges: This is required to allow/disallow access to system resources.

3 Process ID: Unique id entification for each of the process in the operating
system.
4 Pointer: A pointer to parent process.

5 Program Counter: Program Counter is a pointer to the address of the next

instruction to be executed for this process.

6 CPU registers: Various CPU registers where process need to be stored for
execution for running state.

7 CPU Scheduling Information: Process priority and other scheduling

information which is required to schedule the process.

8 Memory management information: This includes the information of page table

,memory limits, Segment table depending on memory used by the operating
system.

9 Accountinginformation:ThisincludestheamountofCPUusedforprocessexecution,
time limits, execution ID etc.

10 IO status information: This includes a list of I/O devices allocated to th e

process.

 Operations on The Process:

  Process Creation:
• When a new process is to be added to those currently being managed,the operating
system,builds the data structure that are used to manage the process and allocates
address space in main memory to the process.This is the creation of a new process.
• There are four principal events that cause processes to be created:
1. System Initialization: When as os is booted typically several processes are created.
2. Execution of a process creation system call by a Running Process: Often a
running process will issue system calls to create one or more new processes to
help it do its job.
3. A user request to create a New Process: In interactive systems ,users can start
a program by typing a command or clicking an icon.
4. Initiation of Batch job: User can submit batch jobs to the system.When the os
decides that it has the resources to run another job,it creates a new process and
runs the next job from the input queue in it.
 Process Termination:
• Depending upon the condition, a process may be terminated either normally or
forcibly by some another process.
• Normal termination occurs when the process completes its task (operation) and
invokes an appropriate system call ExitProcess() in Windows and exit() in Unix to
tell the operating system that it is finished.
• A process may cause abnormal termination of some another process. For this, the
process invokes an appropriate system call TerminateProcess() in Windows and
kill() in Unix that tells the operating system to kill some other process.
• Generally, the parent process can invoke such a system call to terminate its child
process. This usually happen's because of the following three reasons:
(i) Cascading termination in which the termination (whether normal or forced) of a
process causes the termination of all its children. On some operating systems, a
child process is not allowed to execute when' its parent is being terminated. In
such cases, the operating system initiates cascading termination.
(ii) The task that was being performed by the child process is not required.
(iii) The child process has used up the resources allocated to it more than that it was
permitted.
 Scheduling:

Out of the many processes present in the ready queue, the Operating system chooses one
process and start executing it. Selecting the process which is to be executed next, is known
as scheduling.

 Deletion/killing:

Once the purpose of the process gets over then the OS will kill the process. The Context of
the process (PCB) will be deleted and the process gets terminated by the Operating system.

 Process Schedulers:
 Operating system uses various schedulers for the process scheduling described below.

 Long term scheduler:-

Long term scheduler is also known as job scheduler. It chooses the processes from the pool
(secondary memory) and keeps them in the ready queue maintained in the primary memory.

Long Term scheduler mainly controls the degree of Multiprogramming. The purpose of long
term scheduler is to choose a perfect mix of IO bound and CPU bound processes among the
jobs present in the pool.

If the job scheduler chooses more IO bound processes then all of the jobs may reside in the
blocked state all the time and the CPU will remain idle most of the time. This will reduce the
degree of Multiprogramming. Therefore, the Job of long term scheduler is very critical and
may affect the system for a very long time.

 Short term scheduler:-

Short term scheduler is also known as CPU scheduler. It selects one of the Jobs from the
ready queue and dispatch to the CPU for the execution. A scheduling algorithm is used to
select which job is going to be dispatched for the execution. The Job of the short term
scheduler can be very critical in the sense that if it selects job whose CPU burst time is very
high then all the jobs after that, will have to wait in the ready queue for a very long
time .This problem is called starvation which may arise if the short term scheduler makes
some mistakes while selecting the job.

 Medium term scheduler:-

Medium term scheduler takes care of the swapped out processes. If the running state
processes needs some IO time for the completion then there is a need to change its state from
running to waiting.

Medium term scheduler is used for this purpose. It removes the process from the running
state to make room for the other processes. Such processes are the swapped out processes
and this procedure is called swapping. The medium term scheduler is responsible for
suspending and resuming the processes.

It reduces the degree of multiprogramming. The swapping is necessary to have a perfect mix
of processes in the ready queue.

 Various Times related to the Process


Arrival Time(AT):
The time at which the process enters into the ready queue is called the arrival time(AT).

 Burst Time(BT):
The total amount of time required by the CPU to execute the whole process is called the
Burst Time. This does not include the waiting time. It is confusing to calculate the
execution time for a process even before executing it hence the scheduling problems based
on the burst time cannot be implemented in reality.

 Completion Time(CT):
The Time at which the process enters into the completion state or the time at which the
process completes its execution, is called completion time.

 Turnaround Time(TAT):
The total amount of time spent by the process from its arrival to its completion, is called
Turnaround time.

 Waiting Time(WT):
The Total amount of time for which the process waits for the CPU to be assigned is called
waiting time.

 Response Time(RT):
 The difference between the arrival time and the time at which the process first gets the CPU
is called Response Time.Advantages of Process Management System

1) There are various advantages of the Process Management System. Some of them are as follows:

2) Increase efficiency

3) Reduce costs. 

4) Improve quality

5) Reduce times and thus reduce the production and delivery times of the services.

6) Identify internal processes and document

 Disadvantages of Process Management System

1) There are various disadvantages of the Process Management System. Some of them are
as follows:
2) Commitment to results versus compliance
3) Processes and clients in front of departments and heads. 

4.0 Actual Methodology Followed:-

 To collect information related to the title of the micro-project from internet resource
website = www.javatpoint.com ,www.geeksforgeeks.com www.tutorilalspoint.com
 To organize the information collected as per micro project format.
 Distribute the task for typing to team members.

5.0 Actual Resources Used

Name of Resource/
Sr.No. Specification Qty Remarks
Material

Used
Inteli3,4GB RAM,500GBHDD,LCD 1
1 Desktop PC Screen ,KBD, Mouse
 Browser Google chrome 1 Used
2 Internet Connection
MS-Office (MS-word, MS-Excel, MS-Power Use
point)
3 Software d

6.0 Outputs of Micro-Project

 We understood the definition of Process Management System demand it simple implementation.

 We understood the advantages and disadvantages of Process Management system.

7.0 Skills Developed-

 We acquired the knowledge about “Process Management System”

8.0 References-

 https://www.javatpoint.com/process-management-in-os

 https://www.naukri.com/learning/articles/process-management-in-operating-system/

9.0 Area of future Improvement-

 As this is a study report, there is no future improvement.