MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI

A
Project Report
On
“Visit of Water Treatment Plant ”
For the requirements of partial fulfillment curriculum of

DIPLOMA
In
COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Submitted by
Mr. Bhushan Siddhappa Karguppi
Mr. Shankar Maruti Morti
Mr.Shreyash Tanaji Magdum
Mr. Prathmesh Yashwant Sardesai

Under guidance of

Mr. R. B. More
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC,

MAHAGAON
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2023
 ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-23

SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL HOSPITAL &RESEARCH CENTER,

MAHAGAON
“SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL
POLYTECHNIC”
A/P –MAHAGAON, SITE –CHINCHEWADI, TAL-GADHINGLAJ, DIST-KOLHAPUR

Certificate
This is to certify that the following students of Fifth semester of
Diploma in COMPUTER ENGINEERING of Institute SANT GAJANAN
RURAL POLYTECHNIC, MAHAGAON-416503.(CODE-0965) has
completed micro-project on “Visit of Water Treatment Plant“ satisfactory
in subject „EST‟ subject code (22447) for academic year 2023 to 2024 as
prescribed in the curriculum.

SEAT
ROLL NO ENROLLMENT NO NAME OF STUDENT
NO
13 2109650147
Mr.Bhushan Siddhappa Karguppi
46 2109650173
Mr.Shankar Maruti Morti
37 2109650175
Mr.Shreyash Tanaji Magdum
02 2109650163
Mr.Prathmesh Yashwant Sardesai

Date: PLACE: Mahagaon

Mr. R. B. More Mr. G. K. Birangaddi Mrs. R. S. Patil

(Project Guide) (Head of Department) (Principal)
 INDEX

Sr.no Content Page No.

1. Micro-project Proposal-Annexure-I 1-3

2. Micro-project-Annexure-II

3. Micro-project Evaluation Annexure-III

 PART A- MICRO-PROJECT PROPOSAL

 various units of water treatment plant

1. Rationale :-
Water management is related to the development, allocation and use of water resources of a
country or region, that is, the water volume used compared to the natural water resources
available from rainfall. However, the traditional water management, based on modifying the
hydrological cycle through the construction of small scale or massive engineering projects, is
changing towards a new paradigm of integrated water management system involving new
sources of water such as: surface and ground waters, reused waters, desalinated waters or any
other available resource, and managing demand in order to respect ecosystems and in close
harmony with the territory, the energy available, and the socio-economic system.

2. Course Outcomes :-
 Select alternative energy resource for Engineering Practices

 Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity

3. Literature Review:-
Literature from academic and commercial sources, government department publications,
conferences and personal contacts is recorded and reviewed in chronological order under the
three main sections of the Water Matrix: Clean Water, Wastewater and Sludge. Some high
level reports summaries the current status, overall policies and guidelines on energy efficiency
across the whole water industry. This literature is reviewed before the above three main
sections.

4. Proposed Methodology:-
 Focus on selection of appropriate topic for Micro project.
 Select the topic various units of water treatment plant
 To meet the subject teacher and take guidelines about it.
 Searching the information related to the topic of micro-project.
 Start the procedure for project and making soft copy of project report
 We organize all information about our topic in proper manner.
 Show the soft copy of the project report to subject teacher and make corrections in it.
 Submit the hard copy of the project report to the subject teacher.
5. Action Plan :-

Name of
Sr. Responsible
No Details of activity Planned Planned Team
Start date Finish date Members

Bhushan Karguppi
1 12-07-2023 19-07-2023
To select the title of Project.

Shankar Morti
2
To meet the subject Teacher 02-08-2023 09-08-2023
and taking the guidelines
about this Topic.
Shreyash Magdum
3
Searching the 16-08-2023 23-08-2023
information related to
the topic of project.
Prathmesh Sardesai
4
We collect the all raw 30-08-2023 06-09-2023
data from all the group
members.
Bhushan Karguppi
Then we select the 13-09-2023 27-09-2023
5
important information
from the raw data with
the help of guide.
Shankar Morti
6
Starts the procedure 29-10-2023 02-11-2023
for project. And
making a soft copy of
project report.
Bhushan Karguppi
7
Then show the soft Shankar Morti
copy of project report 29-10-2023 02-11-2023 Shreyash Magdum
to the subject teacher Prathmesh Sardesai
and then we do the
corrections teacher's
shows in the report.
Bhushan Karguppi
8
Then we submitted the 29-10-2023 02-11-2023 Shankar Morti
hardcopy of the project Shreyash Magdum
Report to subject Prathmesh Sardesai
teacher.
6. Resources Required (major resources like raw material, tools,
softwareetc.)

Name of
S. No. Resource/ Specification Qty Remarks
Material

1 Desktop PC, I5, 8GB RAM, 500GB HDD, 1 Used

LCD screen, KBD, Mouse

2 Internet Browser Google chrome 1 Used

Connection

MS-Office (MS-word,
3 Software MSExcel, MS-PowerPoint) 1 Used

7. Name of Team Members with Roll Number

Sr. Roll ENROLLMENT NO

No NO NAME OF STUDENT
1 22 Bhushan Siddhappa Karguupi 2109650147

2 33 Shankar Maruti Morti 2109650173

3 35 Shreyash Tanaji Magdum 2109650175

4 28 Prathmesh Yashwant Sardesai 2109650163

 PART B – Micro–Project Report
 Various Units of Water Treatment Plant

1. Literature Review

Water treatment facilities are designed to speed up the natural process of purifying water. With
billions of people and even more wastewater, the natural process is overloaded. Without
wastewater treatment, the amount of wastewater would cause devastation, as it still does today
in developing countries. Globally, over 80 percent of all wastewater is discharged without
treatment.1 In the countries that do have water treatment facilities, they use various methods to
treat water with one common goal: purify water as much as possible and send it back into the
environment to keep humans and the Earth safe and thriving.

2. Aim of Micro project

Water recycling and reuse has been recognized as a key approach to alleviate water
shortage. It is understood that one fourth of global population faces economic water scarcity
resulted from poor management of the sufficient available water resources. Hence proper
management in water recycling and reuse is required to provide the best solution to water
crisis. The conventional methods used for the treatment of waste water do not provide the
effluent of the required quality. It is therefore required to employ advanced waste water
treatment methods which would significantly improve the performance of treatment plants
and the production of high quality effluent suitable for various reuse applications.

3. Course Outcomes Addresses:-

 Select alternative energy resource for Engineering Practices

 Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity

4. Actual Methodology Followed

• Focused on selection of appropriate topic for Micro project.

• Selected the topic various units of water treatment plant
• We met the subject teacher and take guidelines about it.
• Searched the information related to the topic of micro-project.
• Started the procedure for project and made soft copy of project report
• We organized all information about our topic in proper manner.
• Showed the soft copy of the project report to subject teacher and made corrections in it.
• Submitted the hardcopy of project report to the subject teacher.
 Types of Water Treatment Plants

1. Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP):-

Wastewater is the water that originates from water used in domestic, agricultural, industrial
as well as medical or transport activities.

Basically, wastewater can be divided into two:

 Sewage water- This is the wastewater that comes from domestic activities such as
toilets, showers or even sinks.
 Industrial wastewater, on the other hand, comes from manufacturing, industrial and
commercial activities carried and has a completely different composition than sewage
water.

 How does it work?

 The first step in this water treatment plant is that the wastewater drains to the plant
with the help of gravity through the main sewer system.
 A mechanical stage then begins called the preliminary treatment or pre-treatment. In
this stage, the water moves through the gravel chamber to remove any grit. The gravel
is then disposed of at the dump. The water then moves to the bar screens which
remove large objects. These are course screens. Next, the fine screens remove smaller
objects such as undigested foods, or matches, etc.
 Next comes the sedimentation stage, also known as the primary treatment. In this
stage, the water flows to the primary settling tanks, also known as pre-settling basins.
These tanks have hoppers which are situated in the base of the tank where water flows
through. This hopper moves around the edges which results in the treated water
staying at the edges and the particulates in wastewater that contains the highest
sedimentation are settled on the bottom of the tank.
 After the primary treatment ends, the secondary treatment begins. This is also known
as the biological stage, as it uses natural processes and bacteria that consume the
contaminants in the water, such as any biodegradable organic compounds, carbon and
phosphorus. This dead bacteria and organic residues then transform into sludge.
 During this stage, the excess sludge (any excess bacteria in the wastewater) is pumped
out and moves to the settling tanks. These settling tanks enable the sludge to settle and
then moves to digestion tanks.
 The sludge then left behind after the digestion and dewatering process is complete, is
finally disposed of in the dump. Another interesting thing is that this sludge in about a
months time, can be reused as an fertilizer for industrial crops, if it complies with all
agricultural standards.
 The last step in wastewater treatment is inspection. This inspection involves checking
the contamination level of the water treated and making sure it complies with the
highest standards in order to be released or reused for domestic or industrial purposes.
  Applications:
Most petroleum refineries or petrochemical as well as chemical industries produce a large
amount of wastewater and require on-site wastewater treatment plants. Other industries such
as paper and pulp production also give rise to a huge amount of wastewater.

2. Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs):-

These plants remove contaminants/sewage waste from households, commercial buildings and
sometimes even get an inflow of commercial wastewater too. It can also receive rainwater and
debris from sewers.

STPs play a critical role in keeping residents healthy and safe by cleaning wastewater with a
bunch of chemical, physical and biological procedures before disposing it into the environment.

 How does it work?

 When wastewater reaches a sewage treatment plant, it goes through a filtering process
that acts as a pre-treatment process. The wastewater here flows through screens and
into settlement basins that can take out debris in large quantities.
 It acts as a pre-treatment as stated above as it takes place before three more aggressive
stages- primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.
 Primary Treatment:
During this phase, the wastewater moves into the clarifiers. The wastewater flows sluggishly
in the settlement basins. It is the design of these tanks that result in settling, that is, the organic
solid matter collects at the bottom of the tank while the lighter matter floats to the top becoming
easier for removal.

The organic matter that settles at the bottom is known as a primary sludge blanket. After a few
hours, the sludge that has settled in the clarification tanks moves into aeration basins to carry
out another process called the activated sludge process.

 Secondary Treatment
This treatment phase consists of aerobic aeration. Aeration basins contain aerators, these have
a system of pipes or tubes attached to them. They are made of ceramic or rubber membranes
that have small holes in them for air to pass through. When this air flows through the aerators,
the small holes present, turn them into bubbles and they get mixed with the water column. This
interaction of the oxygen with the bacteria in the sewage results in the bacteria digesting the
organic matter that gives wastewater the characteristic appearance and smell.

It is this phase that is also involved in the removal of harmful chemicals. Once aeration is over,
the wastewater flows in the next tanks, i.e, the secondary clarification basins. It is in this that
the bacteria spend a day or two settling in the bottom and forming a sludge blanket, which the
water treatment plant can then pump out.After the sludge blanket has completely settled, it
becomes return activated sludge (RAS). This RAS goes back into the primary clarification tank
and the bacteria in it aids in breaking down any organic matter in the sewage.

Once RAS has completely gone through both the primary and secondary clarification basins
continuously, i.e several times, it is turned into waste-activated sludge (WAS). The WAS then
does not go back to the primary clarification tank but instead moves to the covered tanks, also
known as aerobic sludge digesters. In these tanks, the bacteria do not digest the organic matter
present in the wastewater, but the activated sludge begins to digest one another, causing mostof
the sludge to then disappear. Finally, the remaining sludge moves to the dewatering facility
that contains dewatering tanks where the plant uses belt presses to squeeze any remaining water
out of the sludge.

 Tertiary Treatment
Tertiary treatment follows the process of both primary and secondary processes but also in
addition involves mechanical and photochemical processes. This is a more advanced treatment
and is very useful in sanitary sewage with microorganism contaminants that need to be
disinfected.

In this phase of the treatment, wastewater is passed through sand filters, which remove very
fine particulate matter. The photochemical process comes in after this, where the water flows
under ultraviolet (UV) lights, which eliminate any bacteria and viruses as well as remove any
infections.Thus, once the wastewater in the sewage water treatment plant has undergone the
three mentioned stages above, it is completely safe to flow into the environment as an effluent.
 Applications:
A great example of STP is the treatment plant you find in big cities. Residential households,
commercial buildings, municipal wastewater, etc.

3. Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP‟s):-

As previously seen above, sewage treatment plants provide initial treatment for domestic or
municipal purposes. Effluent treatment plants, on the other hand, are quite the opposite as they
treat industrial effluent, that is, the wastewater that occurs as a result of the flow of byproducts
from industries.

 How ETP‟s work?

Like STP’s, even ETP’s involve a process of preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary
treatment.

 Preliminary treatment: Here the emphasis is given to physical techniques such as

screening, sedimentation, filtration, clarification etc. The objective of this is to remove
as much solid physical matters as possible before sending the effluent for further
treatment.
 Primary treatment: This phase involves the removal of solid waste and organic
matter. Here chemicals are added to break down any solid and chemical waste. This is
done by chemical coagulation, chemical precipitation or the addition of sodium
carbonate or hydrochloric acid in order to control the pH levels.
  Secondary treatment: Here the suspended particles and any biodegradable matter are
removed with the help of many chemical processes as well as biological processes.
 Tertiary treatment: The tertiary treatment uses a combination of all three- physical,
chemical and biological processes to remove any final traces of solids or contaminants
from the industrial effluent.

 Applications:
ETP’s are used in sectors that have high and extensive chemical contamination in the
wastewater, such as manufacturing in pharmaceuticals and chemical industries such as textile
and dye manufacturing.

4. Demineralization (DM) Treatment Plants:-

In water treatment for industrial purposes, demineralization typically involves the complete
removal of dissolved solids or minerals from feedwater (i.e., deaerated water that is supplied
to a boiler from a tank for conversion into steam) or process streams.

 How does it work?

This water treatment plant works on the principle of ion exchange. In these plants, special ion
exchange resins are manufactured that help to replace any mineral salts in the water. There are
two types of resins- one is an anion one while the other is a cation one. These former resins
release hydroxyl ions which are negatively charged while the cation resins release hydrogen
ions that are positively charged.

The cation-exchange resins lead to softening of water, the anion-exchange result in the removal
of nitrate from wastewater and the combination of both the anion and cation exchange removes
virtually every ionic contaminant present in the feed water with a process called deionization.
This results in water of exceptional quality.
 Applications:
Demineralization leads to the complete removal of minerals from the water and is generally
used in industries that require water with high levels of purity, for example- makeup or feed
water in high-pressure boilers, the food and beverage industry, and process streams used in the
manufacturing of electronics. They are also used in industries for the generation of steam,
power and cooling

5. Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water Treatment

The principle of reverse osmosis (RO) functions on the filtration method that results in the
removal of a large number of contaminants and impurities from wastewater by applying
pressure to it when it is on one side of a membrane.

 How does it work?

This water treatment plant works by using a high-pressure pump that increases the pressure on
the salt side of the RO and forces the water across the semipermeable RO membrane (which
allows some atoms and molecules to pass but not others), leaving almost 95%-99% of dissolved
salts in the reject stream. In other words, as the wastewater enters the RO membrane and
pressure is applied, the water molecules pass through the semipermeable membrane while the
other salts are not allowed to pass through and discharged to the reject stream (also known as
brine stream or concentrate).
 Applications:
Industries such as mechanical, boiler feed, semiconductor manufacturing, metal finishing for
food and beverage widely use reverse osmosis water treatment plants.

5. Actual Resource Used

Name of
S. No. Resource/ Specification Qty Remarks
Material

1 Desktop PC, I5, 8GB RAM, 500GB HDD, 1 Used

LCD screen, KBD, Mouse

2 Internet Browser Google chrome 1 Used

Connection

MS-Office (MS-word,
3 Software MSExcel, MS-PowerPoint) 1 Used
Action Plan Implementation

Name of
Sr. Responsible
No Details of activity Planned Planned Team
Start date Finish date Members

Bhushan Karguppi
1 12-07-2023 19-07-2023
To select the title of Project.

Shankar Morti
2
To meet the subject Teacher 02-08-2023 09-08-2023
and taking the guidelines
about this Topic.
Shreyash Magdum
3
Searching the 16-08-2023 23-08-2023
information related to
the topic of project.
Prathmesh Sardesai
4
We collect the all raw 30-08-2023 06-09-2023
data from all the group
members.
Bhushan Karguppi
Then we select the 13-09-2023 27-09-2023
5
important information
from the raw data with
the help of guide.
Shankar Morti
6
Starts the procedure 29-10-2023 02-11-2023
for project. And
making a soft copy of
project report.
Bhushan Karguppi
7 Then show the soft copy of 29-10-2023 02-11-2023 Shankar Morti
project report to the subject Shreyash Magdum
teacher and then we do the Prathmesh Sardesai
corrections teacher's shows
in the report.
Bhushan Karguppi
8 Then we submitted the 29-10-2023 02-11-2023 Shankar Morti
hardcopy of the project Shreyash Magdum
Report to subject teacher. Prathmesh Sardesai
6. Outputs of the Micro–project:
 We understood the various units of water treatment plant and its implementation.
 We understood the its applications and how it works.

7. Skill Developed
It used to be said that “the solution to pollution is dilution.” When small amounts of sewage
are discharged into a flowing body of water, a natural process of stream self-purification
occurs. Densely populated communities generate such large quantities of sewage, however,
that dilution alone does not prevent pollution.

8. References-

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment
 http://www.omeducation.edu.in/images/institute
 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Diagram-of-Water-Treatment-processes
 https://www.ques10.com/p/34187/draw-layout-of-water-treatment-plant-and-explain-
f/

9. Area of Future Improvement:

 Water is one of the leading manufacturers of water treatment plants and waste water
treatment plants. We believe that water is the most crucial resource for life, so it’s our
duty to protect our water from getting wasted and reuse the waste water in every area.

 As everyone is aware of the water treatment plant, we would like to seek everyone’s
attention towards the future water treatment plant. For making water treatment plants
more eco-friendly in every aspect, Water Solutions comes up with better and innovative
areas for the future.