Unit 11 –Analysing information and data

1
Unit 11 : Learning Outcomes

 11.1 Introduction to analytical techniques for data and

information analysis.
 11.22 Explore use of graphs, bar charts, pie charts etc.
for presenting data and findings.
 Demonstrate how to use Microsoft Excel and create
illustrations.

2
 Data Presentation
 Understand different ways of
summarizing data
 Choose the right table/graph for the
right data and audience
 Ensure that graphics are self-
explanatory
 Create graphs and tables that are
attractive
Why would you present your data like this?
Would people be able to get the message from
this? No, it is too busy and it is difficult to
interpret.

The way you analyze and present your data can

greatly affect how usable the data will be.

3
Would you present your analysis like
this? what some problems may be with this chart?

100

80

60

40

20

0
Analysis Presentation – Tables

Meaningfully with Bar Chart

◦ Simplest way to summarize
data
◦ Data is presented as
absolute numbers or
percentages
2020 B1 2020 B2
% of students under 18 who used Laptop last night 75.8 55.5 Charts and graphs
% of students between 18 - 25 who used Laptop last night 87.2 68.7
◦ Visual representation of data
analysis
To resize chart data range, drag lower right corner of range. ◦ Usually data is presented
using percentages

100
87.2
90
80 75.8

70
68.7 Clear
60 55.5
50 2020 B1
Concise
40
2020 B2
30 Actionable
20
10 Attractive
0
% of students under 18 who % of students between 18 - 25
used Laptop last night who used Laptop last night

5
Use the right type of graphic

 Charts and graphs

 Bar chart: comparisons, categories of data
 Histogram: represents relative frequency of continuous data
 Line graph: display trends over time, continuous data (ex. cases per month)
 Pie chart: show percentages or proportional share
Stacked bar chart

% Students <25 with Knowledge of IT latest Trends, 2017-2018

Histogram
Percent contribution of reported IT Literate cases by year
between 2000 and 2007, Sri Lanka
20
18
16
14
12
Percent

10
Relative Frequency
8
6
4
2
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
 Bar Chart v. Histogram

Average Patient Wait Time in Minutes, by Province,

2020
35
30 29

25 22
20
15
15
10
5
0
Northwestern Copperbelt Central

Data fabricated for illustration

9
 Bar Chart v. Histogram
(cont.)

Data fabricated for illustration

10
Population Pyramid: Country Z,
2019
80+
75-79
70-74 Female
Male
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
Age

40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-15
5-10
<5
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
Percent
Line graph

Number of Clinicians* Working in Each Clinic During Years 1-4, Country Y

5
Number of clinicians

4
Clinic 1
3
Clinic 2
2 Clinic 3
1

0
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

*Includes doctors and nurses.

Caution: Line Graph

Number of Clinicians* Working in Each Clinic During Years 1-4, Country Y

6

5
Number of clinicians

4
Year 1
3 Year 2
2 Year 3
Year 4
1

0
Clinic 1 Clinic 2 Clinic 3

*Includes doctors and nurses.

Pie chart

Percentage of all confirmed Y cases treated by quarter, Country X, 2019

8%
10%
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
23% 59% 4th Qtr

N=257
Analysis vs. Interpretation

 Analysis: describing data with tables, graphs, or

narrative; transforming data into information

 Interpretation: adding meaning to information by making

connections and comparisons and by exploring causes
and consequences
Has the Program Met its Goal?

Use of internet by Students <25 yrs of Age, 2019

100
Target >80%
80

60
ITN
40 48

20 29 29
25

0
Country 1 Country 3 Country 4 Country 5
Interpretation
 Does the indicator meet the target?
 What is the programmatic relevance of the finding?
 What are the potential reasons for the finding?
 How does it compare? (trends, group differences)
 What other data should be reviewed to understand
the finding (triangulation)?
 Conduct further analysis
18