CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM and THE SETTINGS

Background of the Study

Student education is a key part of a person's life and a major milestone in

their academic career. At this stage, a student's academic performance is important in

determining the next juncture of their education, which in turn shapes their career.

According to Krishnan Lal (2013), student nowadays are dealing with new

educational obstacles that demand more work from them. Additionally, there are

many expectations placed on students by society to fulfill a variety of roles, many of

which are ill-defined, inconsistent, and impossible to complete in the current socio-

cultural, economic, and bureaucratic contexts of our society, which puts a great deal

of pressure on students, particularly senior high school students. Because of this there

are an increase number of student suicides worldwide, politicians and educators are

taking the mental health of students, particularly in terms of academic stress and its

effects, very seriously.

A recent poll by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

Development (OECD 2017) included 540,000 respondents who were students

between the ages of 17 and 18 from 72 different nations. In the average OECD

country, 66% of students reported feeling anxious about receiving bad results, and

59% said they frequently worry about how difficult an exam will be. The OECD also

discovered that 55% of students experience extreme anxiety before academic exams,

even when they are well-prepared. 37% of students said they were really nervous

while studying, and girls consistently said they were more anxious about their
coursework than guys were. According to the data, students experience a lot of stress

related to their academics and performance.

In this sense, this study seeks to discover the effect of stress on the study

habits of the Grade 12 HUMSS through measuring the students stress level,

identifying their main source of stress, discover their pre-stress behaviours and

determine their study habits, and finally, to recommend strategies on how to prevent

the negative effects of stress on their study habits at Solsona National Highschool the

students of Grade 12 HUMSS, the reason being that complex results on how academic

stress relates to students’ performance can be provided effectively.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study focus on the Effects of stress on the Study habits of grade 12
HUMSS strand students in Solsona National High School Speacially it aims to answer
the following question:

1 How does the stress influence the students academic life?

2 What are the effects of stress on the study habits of 12 HUMSS
In terms of:

A: Academic performance
B: Behavior
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

EFFECTS STUDY HABITS

OF OF THE GRADE 12
STRESS HUMSS STUDENTS

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study focuses on the effects of stress in grade 12 HUMSS students.The data

collection will be conducted to 100% of the total population in grade 12 HUMSS of

Solsona National High School, school year 2022-2023 who will represent the

population. This study will not cover other problems that are not consider as one of

the stress. The other students which do not fall as part of grade 12 HUMSS are not

within the scope of this research. The study would be done through the utilization of

questionnaire to the students as a survey and reference. By this strategy the

researchers will be able to know the effects of stress on study habits of grade 12

HUMSS.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research will provide information on protective factors that help reduce the

influence of stress on the grade 12 humss students academic performance. This study

will benefit the student of Solsona National HighSchool especially those in the Grade

12 HUMSS and the entire body of Solsona National HighSchool. The study provides

stress management recommendations that will improve the student thinking such as

creativity, critical thinking, decision making and learning ability.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

STRESS. A condition or a feeling felt when a person perceives that he demands

exceed the personal and social resources that the individual can mobilize to manage

the condition

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE. Is the measurement of student achievement across

various academic subjects. Teachers and education officials typically measure

achievement using classroom performance, graduation rates and results from

standardized tests.

STUDY HABITS. It is how a student studies.

SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL(SHS). Refers to Grades 11 and 12, the last two years of

the K to 12 Basic Education Program.

STRESS MANAGEMENT. Refers to a series of measure taken by an individual or
an institution to reduce the posible negative effect of stres.

STRESSORS.These are requirments of the internal or external environment that alter

balance, which affect physical and psychological well being and requires actions to
reserve balance (Douglas 2019)

HUMSS. Also known as Humanities and social sciences, these are the type of
students who are part of this research.
REFERENCES

Michaela C. Pascoe, Sarah E. Hetrick & Alexandra G. Parker (2020) The impact of
stress on students in secondary school and higher education, International Journal of
Adolescence and Youth, 25:1, 104-112, DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2019.1596823

Consult, C. (2021, August 4). How does stress affect learning? Simply Academy.
from https://www.simplyacademy.com/how-does-stress-affect-learning/

Most teenagers happy with their lives but schoolwork anxiety and bullying an issue.
OECD. (n.d.) from https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/most-teenagers-happy-
with-their-lives-but-schoolwork-anxiety-and-bullying-an-issue.htm

Dy, M. R. (n.d.). Stressors and stress responses of Filipino College students -

researchgate. From
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295584175_Stressors_and_stress_resp
onses_of_Filipino_college_students

Mazo, G. (2015, February). Causes, effects of stress, and the coping mechanism of the
bachelor of ... from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281761813_Causes_Effects_of_Stress
_and_the_Coping_Mechanism_of_the_Bachelor_of_Science_in_Information_T
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5642580508aeacfd89382480/Causes-Effects-of-Stress-and-the-Coping-
Mechanism-of-the-Bachelor-of-Science-in-Information-Technology-Students-
in-a-Philippine-University.pdf

Mohammad, N. K. (2016, July). The perception of the parents and students on the
implementation ... - core. from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/229218187.pdf
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of literature and studies which are sub– headed into

three, namely Stress, Sources of stress and Study habits

Different approaches for the physical, emotional, and mental aspects of

stress as well as in various frameworks can be used to define it. It typically starts with

a bad situation, which may have started inadvertently during youth, and progresses to

a deeply ingrained state. According to various studies, Indians are the most frequently

affected by worry due to a lack of employment, cozy relationships, betrayal,

unexpected youth, etc. This has occasionally caused adolescents to insinuate

friendships with friend groups that are frequently defended by stressors to relieve

pressure.

One in every four people on the earth will experience mental or

neurological disturbances at some point in their lives. 450 million people worldwide

are currently affected negatively by these problems, making mental disorders one of

the primary causes of ill health and disability globally. By and large, there are about

3.5 percent of stressors in India alone, of which 10 to 17 percent are in the critical

stages of pressure. Many of them are completely unaware that pressure might affect

them, and even when they do, they may not even know how to deal with it. Stress is

typically prone to be common among males, particularly within the age range of 20 to

25 years. They frequently believe that the general public will think of them as insane

people or psychos.

Stress and its symptoms, including anxiety, dejection, and burnout,

have historically been seen as a common problem among people in a variety of

callings and activities. The growth of publications, research reports, well-known

articles, and the increasing number of organized workshops over the past few decades

have only served to highlight the importance of awareness by attempting to teach

people how to adapt to this wonder ( Keinan and Perlberg, 2000 cited by 2022)

The unreasonable class remaining task at hand, the socialization

weight, the lack of direction, and progress times of change were found to be the most

distressing circumstances for students, according to (Radcliff and Lester's 2003 cited

by 2022) reflections on the apparent worry among definite-year therapeutic college

students. The few studies that directly link themselves to the sources of scholarly

pressure are fairly limited. ( Zedner's 1992 cited by 2022) research examined how 184

Jewish and 209 Arab undergraduate students in a prestigious Israeli university

perceived the main sources of their academic anxiety. The tests controlled sex- and

socio-social-aggregate contrasts. Additionally, the focus of (Keinan and Perlberg's

1986 cited by 2022) analysis was on the sources of worry among college speakers.

Additionally, (Espinosa, M. C 2018) makes reference to it. Found that

persistent insomnia and an inability to concentrate at work, school, or in other areas of

life can be early signs of an upcoming psychological illness, and people who

experience these symptoms are urged to contact a doctor right once. Dr. Dreiza

Hakim Castillo, a specialist at the Zamboanga City Medical Center (ZCMC), advises

those who experience these side effects, which include severe depression, to seek

professional assistance as soon as possible. She clarifies, "There is nothing to be

embarrassed about.

(Polinar, R. O 2017) identifies this. Dr. Nailes stated that "young

people should be viewed as anunmistakable element of our population and it is

necessary to identify and address theirwellbeing and way of life concerns." Dr. Nailes
emphasized the crucial role families play in assisting young people to continue living

a rationally more favorable life. There is no specific life structure that psychological

well-being concerns. People may already be feeling the negative impacts of excessive

tension and dejection, even if they are young or immature. In fact, according to data

from the World Health Organization (WHO), 10–20% of children and young adults

suffer from psychological disorders that have a variety of root causes, including a

person's way of life.

(Salvacion 2004 cited by 2022) studied the pressure profile of

undergraduates at the University of the Philippines, Manila's College of Dentistry.

149 dental students who were understudy respondents were included in the study.

Academic pressures include tests and grades, packed days, difficulty finishing clinical

prerequisites, and fear of being postponed topped the list of notable stressors.

Academic variables weren't too nice at the beginning multiyear levels. During the

second year, academic pressure peaked. There were no significant rating differences

between sexual orientations. The general pressure profile of the different year levels

showed verified similarities. Students used the standard coping mechanisms, such as

sobbing, talking, asking questions, watching movies, and listening to music, to deal

with pressure. The moment of truth for an individual is represented by stress. It

resembles a two-edged blade with the ability to either move or animate a trainee.

SOURCES OF STRESS

Stressors are requests made by the inward or outside condition that annoyed

parity, along these lines influencing physical and mental prosperity and expecting

activity to reestablish harmony. Be that as it may, they vary from the level of

seriousness and term of pressure; what is upsetting for an individual may not be a
stressor for another. For instance, missing a few addresses might be distressing for the

principal year college understudies, however may not be upsetting for another

understudy contingent upon his or her level of desires. Taking his last test of the year

or sitting in surge hour traffic isn't equal to being assaulted by a furious Lion, where

high excitement could encourage battling or feeling.

According to Mental Health Awareness (2018), stress can be caused by a

variety of factors. Death of a friend or family member, a divorce or separation, losing

a job, unexpected financial difficulties, and many more things. Whatever the case, not

all life events are bad, and even good life changes, like relocating to a bigger home,

accepting a promotion at work, or taking a vacation, can be a cause of stress.

Emotional, behavioral, and physical stressors are a few of the predefined stresses.

When you are concentrated on something, you could feel a variety of emotions, such

as tension, dread, wrath, sympathy, or disappointment. Sometimes, these emotions

might feed off one another and result in bodily manifestations, making you feel even

worse.For a few people, unpleasant life occasions can add to side effects of

depression. Behavioral stress when you behave differently than your usual ways. Just

like being frequently hesitant or unbendable; unable to rest properly; You might be

fractious or weepy. Some turn to smoking, devouring more liquor, or taking

medications. Stress can make you feel angrier or more forceful than typical. Stress

may likewise influence the manner in which we cooperate with our nearby family

and companions. And physical is when a few people begin to encounter cerebral

pains, queasiness and acid reflux. You may inhale more rapidly, sweat more, have

palpitations or experience the ill effects of different a throbbing painfulness.

Maxliving (2018) claims that some stress dissipates and may even strengthen or

ground you. Some remain long after they are no longer needed. Your satisfaction and
well-being may suffer as a result. There are many different "flavors" of stress,

including emotional, traumatic, physical, and the most well-known. The consequences

of it are more akin to sadness and depression. Its persistence may cause you to gain or

lose weight. The way you rest could alter. It's possible that you have continual mood

changes and are distracted. It goes without saying that these feelings and changes

might ruin your happiness and quality of life. Other symptoms of emotional stress

include unease, memory lapses, feeling fatigued and worn out, avoiding close

relationships, being out of it, and mood swings.

According to Erin Olivo Ph.D. (2014), there are a variety of stressors that are

dramatically increasing individually, including stress driven by anger and stress

fueled by fear. Our stress and the problems it causes stem from sensations that are

ignored, denied, misinterpreted, smothered, or just not effectively addressed.

Unresolved troubling emotions are the root of many of your most fundamental

problems, including overindulgence, ongoing marital conflict, financial

mismanagement, substance abuse, and frequently even poor physical wellbeing. In

any event, understanding your sentiments can help you comprehend your problems

and stress in general. At that time, you can influence every aspect of your life, from

beginning to end, by the choices you make each day

The same idea is put out by Dawson, J. (2018) found that the more stressors we

are exposed to on a regular basis, the faster the pace of our lives. In a CNN-

commissioned online survey conducted before the end of 2017, the same amount of

respondents in the Philippines—23%—identified their jobs and interests as the main

source of anxiety in their lives. Study-related stress manifests itself in numerous ways

and is caused by a variety of factors, ranging from lack of time on the board to

problems with the current scholarly outstanding task. While stressful situations might
become increasingly difficult to handle, most stresses can be diminished by early

detection and effective mediation.

EFFECTS OF STRESS

It has been argued that someone who is concentrated may experience restless

thoughts, difficulty remembering, or trouble thinking. Stress can also cause people to

alter their habits, such as hand wringing, excessive breathing, gripping their teeth, and

biting their nails. People may experience cold hands and feet, stomach butterflies, and

even an enlarged pulse when they are being watched. These symptoms are all

considered to be common physiological effects of pressure and might be related to

feelings of strain.

Stretching typically results in both physical and mental reactions,

especially when pressures become more severe. In any event, several reactions can be

influenced by a particular class of pressure reactions. For instance, mild chest pain

may cause the mental pressure reaction of worrying about having a heart attack. When

someone escapes from a terrible accident or other terrifying situations, they may

experience physical reactions like rapid breathing, increased heart rate, sweating, and

even shaking for a short period of time. These reactions are a part of a general pattern

of behavior called the fight-or-flight disorder. Changes in feelings, considerations

(discernment), and behaviors can all be signs of the mental responses to stress

(Bernstein et al., 2012).

STUDY HABITS

Children's academic achievement increases after receiving study skills

instruction (Garrison, 1980). As a result, developing a disciplined study routine can

help you attain academic success.

 A study on higher secondary students' study practices and academic performance

was undertaken by K. Premalakshmi 2012. It was claimed that the factor, study

habits, contributed to children's academic success. An individual's capacity for

studying. Some children seize the opportunity to read alone, while others must read in

a group. While some kids read quietly, others read aloud for others to hear. It may be

described as "work tactics," in which the kids engage in various study routines.

Writing term papers, expanding one's vocabulary, taking tests, and taking notes are

some examples. One of the things that helps students have better academic success is

a practice of studying.

According to K. Premalakshmi (2012), parents, teachers, and classmates do not

provide government pupils the required attention. Therefore, more consideration

should be given to the students so they can understand. The students should develop

appropriate study habits in order to succeed academically and have a better future.

The "Study Habits Inventory," created by Palsane and Sadhara Sharma (1989 cited

by 2022), was used to raise awareness among instructors, students, and parents about

the need of particular study habits for improved performance. The "Study Habits

Inventory" is a tool for measuring study habits, including time management, physical

conditions for studying, reading comprehension, note-taking, factors affecting

learning motivation, memory, taking exams, including exam preparation and using

exam results, and health. It contains 45 pieces total. The PSSHI has three response

options: always or mostly, occasionally, and seldom or never. There are 34 positive

items on the scale, compared to 11 negative ones.