ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT PROJECT REPORT FOR THE

PROPOSED MODERN STUDENT CENTRE AT
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
AND TECHNOLOGY JUJA SUB COUNTY, KIAMBU
COUNTY.
This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment(ESIA) Project Report is submitted to
the National Environment Management Authority(NEMA)in conformity with the
requirements of the Environmental Management and Coordination(Amendment) Act, 2015
and the Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit)Regulations, 2003

i. PROJECT PROPONENT:

JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY

OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

P.O. BOX 6200-00200, NAIROBI

TELEPHONE: +25467-5352224

EMAIL:info@jkuat.ac.ke NOVEMBER 2021

II. PROJECT EXPERTS

The following experts conducted the assessment and prepared this ESIA Project Report

Name of the expert Designation Reg. No. Signature

Md. P.Njeru Lead Expert ………………….

Mrs. Rebecca Wainaina Sociologist ………………….

Mr. Richard Miruka Land and Resource Planner ………………….

Ms. Joy Wanjiru Physical Planner ………………….

Ms. Kimberly Karungo Civil Engineer …………………..

Ms. Diana Muthoni Physical Planner ………………….

Mr. Isaac Architect ………………….

Mr. Vincent Environmentalist …………………..

Ms. Prudence Wanjiru Environmentalist ……………………

Mr. Eric Kamotho Quantity Surveyor …………………..

Mr. Kevin Juma Civil Engineer …………………..

Mr. Lameck Kenyoru Environmentalist ……………………

Mr. Anthony Health and Safety Consultant …………………...

Expert’s Contacts

P.O. BOX 187-00100, Nairobi.

Tel: 0700 123456

For and on behalf of

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

P.O. BOX 6200-00200,

Nairobi.

Name…………………………………………………………………….

Signed……………………. Date…………………………………
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) is a public university

situated in Juja, along the Nairobi-Thika Superhighway, off Exit 15. It occupies about 200
hectares of land. The university would like to construct a Modern Students’ Centre to provide
more housing and social infrastructure to the growing university population while at the same
time promoting infrastructural development. The project will occupy 3 acres of land

1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

To establish the baseline conditions of the proposed site, evaluate anticipated impacts, and
propose measures to enhance the positive impacts and measures to reduce negative impacts.
Additionally, the project aims to provide a modern student's center for more accommodation to
the students as well as social services within the same structure.

1.3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

1.3.1 Increased demand for housing (student accommodation)

The proposed Modern Students' Centre is brought about by the need to address the shortage of
accommodation for the growing population of students in the University as well as provide more
social services to the already existing within the institution. Currently, seven hostels within the
institution are insufficient. Consequently, most students are forced to rent private hostels in the
neighborhoods thus causing a lot of inconveniences. Moreover, insecurity issues and high costs
of renting private hostels hinder effective learning as most students are forced to come late for
classes and leave early. Therefore, the shortage of hostel facilities is a critical issue that hinders
the university from realizing its objective and key mandate to offer accessible quality university
education, research, training, and innovation. The project will go a long way in filling the
existing gap and need hence improving the living conditions for the student. It is expected that
the project work, including construction, will be completed by the year 2024. Currently, there are
developments adjacent to the site inclusive of a swimming pool, a workshop, a hostel, and a
sports field.
 1.4 TERMS OF REFERENCE

The terms of reference for this study define the objectives and scope of the ESIA. Upon
completion of the project, it will have a modern and improved hostel facility for 3000 students,
an outdoor eatery, and social services such as cyber cafes and shops. The terms of reference
define the ESIA objectives and scope as follows:

a. Location and assessment of the baseline environmental conditions in the project area,
such as physical, socio-economic, and biological aspects
b. The materials to be used in the construction of the project
c. The products and waste generated by the project
d. A description of the potentially affected areas
e. The environmental and social impacts of the project inclusive of any cultural effects,
direct, indirect, cumulative, irreversible, short-term, and long-term effects anticipated
f. Analysis of alternatives inclusive of a project site, design, and technologies
g. A description of the Environmental legislative and regulatory framework
h. An economic and social analysis of the project
i. An Environmental Management Plan proposing the measures for minimizing, or
mitigating adverse impacts, including cost, timeframe, and responsibility to implement
the measures
j. Provide an action plan for the prevention and management of foreseeable accidents and
hazardous activities in the implementation of the project

1.5 ESIA METHODOLOGY

The following approaches were employed for the ESIA; site visits, literature review, consultation
with the public and experts, and discussions with the project proponents. The project proponents
provided design reports. When conducting the assessment and preparing the ESIA project report,
the adverse impacts and their mitigation measures have been identified in terms of project
location and different phases of the project, that is, design, construction, operation, and
decommissioning phase.

The following methodologies were employed to assess and prepare the project report

i. Secondary research involved the acquisition of secondary data by reviewing and

analyzing literature
ii. Environmental screening, in which the need for conducting ESIA as per schedule two (2)
of EMCA 1999 was determined.
iii. Environmental scooping which highlighted key environmental issues about the
implementation of the project
iv. Site visitations allowed for the physical inspection of the site to establish the baseline
conditions of the site
v. Consultations and public participation to collect primary data from the stakeholders.
vi. Impacts identification
vii. Confirmation of findings and sharing with the project proponents and reporting.

1.6 CONSULTATION AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION (CPP)

Consultation and Public Participation (CPP) was done within the project influence area (PIA) by
administering questionnaires to the students and the surrounding community. This allowed the
people affected directly or indirectly by the project to voice their views and concerns regarding
the upcoming developments. It also provided an opportunity to correctly identify impacts and
planning whereby opinions of different stakeholders are considered
CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1. INTRODUCTION

The project looks at integrating a whole range of activities that will improve the environment's
quality and enhance the street view. A good design brief will provide user satisfaction that will
also add value to the existing facility.

2.2. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

The proposed project is situated in Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
which is located in Juja Constituency, Kiambu County.

Figure 1: Proposed Project Location (J.K.U.A.T. University Compound)

The project area will be established in a 3-acre piece of land currently used for agricultural
activities and recreation. The land area belongs to the proponent and will facilitate all processes
to be included. The institution has other similar buildings but whose purposes are single-use;
standalone hostels and separate eateries and leisure spaces.
 2.3. PROJECT DETAILS

The proposed modern student center sits on an area of 5.704 hectares and poses challenges to
creating social activities and environmentally sustainable spaces through the incorporation of
green spaces and an open field that has been retained to maintain the context of the site.
Figure 2: Master Plan for the Proposed Modern Student’s Center
 2.4. PROJECT SUMMARY SHEET

The table below summarizes the proposed project design parameters:

Project Summary Sheet

ITEM PARTICULARS

Name of the Proponent Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

Name of the Project Modern Students Centre

Project Objective To provide a modern student's center

Project Scope To construct an amenity that can house 3000 people, offer recreational parks for
the students, and enhance environmental quality through an open space frame.
Land/Plot Details Juja Constituency, Kiambu County.

Specific Location J.K.U.A.T University Field, Juja Constituency, Kiambu County.

Site Area 57,039.399 m²

Architectural Units 4 Wings: Block A 3 units, Block B 3 units, Block C 1 unit, and Block D 1unit.

Floors: Block A 2 floors

Block B 3 floors.

Block C 4 floors

Block D 5 floors

Capacity: Block A 600 males

Block B 720 males

Block C 360 females

Block D 1320 females

TOTAL 3000 students

 2.5. PROJECT INPUT

2.5.1. Description of the Project’s Construction Activities

Excavation / Earthworks
To prepare the site for the construction of the building, excavations will be carried out for proper
building foundation and in this particular project, human labor will be relied upon. Debris and
excavated materials from earthworks, especially soil and bricks will be used in various
construction activities. Trees and shrubs will be cleared to create space for the construction.

Masonry

Main masonry activities include stone, concrete mixing, and plastering, slab construction,
reinforcing walls/lintels, and curing of floors.

Roofing

The four blocks will be roofed using modern roofing materials; stone coated roofing tiles.
Shingle tiles will be used because they have an elegant look, are reinforced with steel for
longevity, and are resistant to fading and UV penetration.

Electrical Works

Electrical work during construction will involve the installation of electrical gadgets and
appliances including electrical cables, lighting apparatus, sockets, etc. In addition, there will be
other activities involving the use of electricity such as welding and metal cutting.

Plumbing

Plumbing will entail fixing water pipes to the institution's main water supply. Plumbing activities
comprise metal and plastic cutting, the use of adhesives, metal grinding, and wall drilling among
others.
i. The architect shall define the area of the site, which may be occupied by the
contractor for use as storage, on the site,

ii. The contractor and proponent shall provide at his/her own cost all water required
for use in connection with the works including the work of subcontractors, and shall
provide temporary storage tanks

iii. The contractor shall make arrangements for his/her workmen sanitary
conveniences

iv. The contractor shall take all possible precautions to prevent nuisance,
inconvenience, or injury to the neighboring properties and the public generally.
 v. The contractor shall take all effort to muffle the noises from his tools, equipment,
and workmen to not more than 70 Decibels.

Total Project Costs

The proposed project is estimated to cost about KS 2.5 billion once complete.

2.6. PROJECT OUTPUT

The following will be the main outputs resulting from the Implementation of the proposed
project:

viii. Waste Output

● Site Clearance waste e.g. grass, topsoil.

● Spoil from excavation.

● Domestic waste and Commercial waste.

● Paint Containers and papers

● Wooden Pallet

● Broken Culverts and concrete waste among others

● Nails

ix. Other Outputs Include

A. Noise emissions from Construction Machinery e. g motor vehicles

B. Vibration from Construction Machinery

C. Air Emissions from machinery e.g. CO2

2.6. PROJECT SITE AND LAND OWNERSHIP

The project land is owned by Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. The
proponent has the required legal documents to attest to the ownership of the land.
 2.6.1. Site Ownership

The proponent wishes to construct a modern student center within its locality meaning the
proposed project is situated on the land owned by the proponent. Similarly, a copy of the
ownership document is attached to this report and the proponent has legal documents to attest to
the ownership.

Site ownership is a prerequisite that the proponent;

1. Provides adequate measures to address and mitigate environmental degradation and

emerging environmental concerns
2. Is otherwise and entirely guided by conditions that may be imposed by the County
government in its laws and regulatory provisions
3. Adheres to entire conditions outlined in the copy of attached ownership documents
Proposed project drawings are presented to relevant authorities in the county and additional
provisions are included in the approval letter.

2.6.2. Project Planning and Design

In terms of planning the following shall be adhered to;

1. Approved architectural drawing is done and approved by the relevant agencies such as
the County government and the National Construction Authority.

2. Design work e.g. earthworks, building, and structures, electrical equipment, plumbing
works
3. Preparation of EIA report followed by submission to NEMA for licensing.
4. Acquisition of permits e.g. EIA license from NEMA.
The proposed Modern Student Center development will comprise four blocks, an amphitheater,
mini stalls, and fencing structures as shown in the attached architectural drawing. It will also
provide open space for leisure.

2.6.3. Local Land Uses

JKUAT lies on a 200-acre piece of land located in Juja, which is a semi-arid region.

Currently, a small portion of the land is occupied by structures that entail: Administration blocks,

tuition halls/hospitals, hostels, water tanks, Central stores among other requisite structures for
learning institutions. The proposed modern student hostel will be located at the far end of other

existing hostels and in flood plain ground. The proposed project is compatible with the local land

uses because there are other existing structures and there have not been recorded any negative

impact from the existing structures. Secondly, it is important to note the site is a flood plain that

drains water during the rainy season.

2.6.4. Cultural and Historic Sites

There are no cultural or historically important sites within the project area and therefore the
proposed modern student hostels are bound to have no adverse impacts on the cultural aspects of
the neighboring community

CHAPTER THREE: LEGISLATIVE, POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL

FRAMEWORK

3.1 INTRODUCTION

ESIA is an instrumental tool or activity for environmental management and development control.
It is now accepted that development projects must be economically viable, socially acceptable,
and environmentally sound. It is a condition that all developers conduct ESIAs on the
development projects.

ESIAs are carried out to identify potential positive and negative impacts associated with the
proposed development with a view of taking advantage of the positive impacts and developing
mitigation measures for the negative ones. The guidelines on ESIAs are contained in sections 58
to 67 of the Act. According to section 68 of the EMCA CAP 387, the authority shall be
responsible for carrying out environmental audits on all activities that are likely to have a
significant effect on the environment.

The protection, conservation, and exploitation of natural resources are governed by several
policies, laws, and regulations coupled with the provisions for environmental management.

Some of the key national policies, laws, and regulations that have a direct bearing on the optimal
operation of the proposed project are discussed in this chapter.

3.2 NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS

3.2.1 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010

The Constitution of Kenya Article 42, on the environment, provides that every person has the
right to a clean and healthy environment which includes the right to have the environment
protected for the benefit of the present and future generations. Article 69, of the Constitution,
provides for the establishment of systems of environmental impact assessment, environmental
audit, and environmental monitoring. The Constitution also states that the State shall eliminate
processes and activities that are likely to endanger the environment and the State shall utilize the
environment for the benefit of the people of Kenya. The Constitution of Kenya clearly states that
every person must cooperate with State organs and other persons to protect and conserve the
environment and ensure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources.

These environmental rights are enforceable in a court of law (Article 70). Land must be used in a
sustainable manner and accordance with the principles of sound conservation and protection of
ecologically sensitive areas. The State may regulate the use of any land or right over any land in
the interest of land use planning (Article 66). The Constitution thus gives recognition to public,
community, and private land. Land-use regulation goes beyond exploitation merely for economic
purposes and emphasizes conservation.

Article 174 of the Constitution sets out the objects of devolution of government, which include:
i). Giving powers of self-governance to the people and enhancing their participation in the
exercise of the powers of the State and in making decisions affecting them;

ii). Recognizing the right of communities to manage their affairs and to further their
development;

iii). Protecting and promoting the interests and rights of minorities and marginalized
communities;

42iv). Promoting social and economic development and the provision of proximate, easily
accessible services throughout Kenya;

v). Ensuring equitable sharing of national and local resources throughout Kenya;

vi). Facilitating the decentralization of State organs, their functions, and services, from the
capital of Kenya.

The Fourth Schedule of the Constitution sets out the functions devolved to the county
governments, including agriculture; county health services; control of air and noise pollution;
cultural activities; county transport; animal control and welfare; county planning and
development; pre-primary education; implementation of specific national government policies on
natural resources and environmental conservation; county public works and services and
firefighting services and disaster management.

3.2.2 The Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act, Cap.387 of 2012.

The Act entitles every person in Kenya to a clean and healthy environment and aims to safeguard
and enhance the environment. Though there are other sectorial laws on environmental
conservation, this is the supreme legislation. It provides guidelines on issues of environment,
stipulates offenses and penalties, and establishes NEMA. The Act also lists the type of projects
that must be subjected to the ESIA process.

In compliance, the proponent appointed experts to conduct the ESIA project report to seek
approval for compliance purposes and environmental enhancement as provided by the Act.

3.2.3 The Environment (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2015.

These are entrenched under section 147 of the EMCA. The regulations provide the framework
for carrying out ESIAs and EAs in Kenya.
This  ESIA project report is conducted in conformity with these regulations and EMCA, Cap.
387 of 2012.

3.2.4 The (Water Quality) Regulations, 2006.

Part II of the Water Quality Regulations 4 (1) states that every person shall refrain from any act
which directly or indirectly causes, or may cause immediate or subsequent water pollution, and it
shall be immaterial whether or not the water resource was polluted before the enactment of the
Act. Regulation 4 (2) further states no person shall throw or cause to flow into or near a water
resource any liquid, solid or gaseous substance or deposit any such substance in or near it, as to
cause pollution. Regulation 6 (b) further states that no person shall abstract groundwater or carry
out any activity near any lakes, rivers, streams, springs, and wells that is likely to have any
adverse impact on the quantity and quality of the water, without an Environmental Impact
Assessment license issued under the provisions of the Act; or (c) cultivate or undertake any
development activity within a minimum of six meters and a maximum of thirty meters from the
highest ever recorded flood level, on either side of a river or stream, and as may be determined
by the Authority from time to time.

The proponent will undertake necessary measures to safeguard the underground water
sources ensuring no solid waste or wastewater waste emanating from the proposed project is
discharged haphazardly.

3.2.5 Environmental Management and Coordination (Noise and Excessive Vibrations

Pollution) (Control) Regulations, 2009.

The newly gazetted noise and excessive vibrations regulations require that noise and excessive
vibrations should be minimized to the largest extent possible and that this should not exceed
particular decibels.

To minimize the impacts of noise and vibrations from the proposed activities, the activities will
be limited to working hours between, 8.00 am and 5.00 pm. All possible care will be undertaken
to ensure that the machinery is properly greased and oiled to reduce friction and possible noise
emission.
The proponent shall strictly adhere to the provisions and requirements of these Regulations.
All noise generating activities shall be done under the requirements of the Regulations

3.2.6 The Physical Planning Act 2017

This is the principal Act Governing land planning and the project proponent is required to
acquire a Certificate of Compliance or approval letter from the relevant institutions as set out in
the Act. The sole objective of the Act is to harmonize development.

The drawings (plans) of the proposed project have been submitted to the Kiambu County
Government for relevant approvals.

3.2.7 The County Government Act, 2012

The County Government Act was enacted in 2012 to give effect to chapter eleven of the
Constitution of Kenya (2010) and to provide for County Government powers, functions, and
responsibilities to deliver services and for connected purposes. The County Government Act
repealed the local Government Act and took up transferred the function of the local authorities to
the County Government.

The proponent is within the Jurisdiction of the Kiambu County Government and is affected by
all legislations passed in the county. The proponent will comply with all the laws passed by the
county.

3.2.8 Building Code 2000

This provides the basic rules, guidelines, and standards for construction. It is a comprehensive
document, which every developer/proponent/ contractor should have.

All approvals are being sought and regular monitoring will follow to ensure compliance with
set standards and conditions.

3.2.8 Land Act No. 6 of 2012.

1. A management body shall, on its motion or at the request of the Commission, submit to
the National Land Commission for approval a plan for the development, management,
and use of the reserved public land vested in the management body.
 2. Before submitting a plan to the Commission under subsection (1) a management body
shall—
a. consider any conservation, environmental, or heritage issues relevant to the
development, management, or use of the public land in its managed reserve for
that managed reserve; and
b. Incorporate in the plan a statement that it has considered those issues in drawing
up the plan;
c. Submit an environmental impact assessment plan according to existing law on the
environment; and
d. Comply with the values and principles of the Constitution.
3. If a management body submits a plan to the Commission under subsection (1) and the
Commission approves that plan and notifies the management body of that fact, the
management body may develop, manage and use the public land concerned under the
plan as approved or subsequently varied as the case may be.
4. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, the Commission shall, in considering an
application under this section, comply with the relevant law relating to development
control.

Section 61 of our constitution classifies land as:-

i. All land in Kenya belongs to the people of Kenya collectively as a nation, as

communities, and as individuals.

ii. Land in Kenya is classified as public, community, or private.

Section 64 states the following about private land:-

5. Private land consists of —

i. registered land held by any person under any freehold tenure;
ii. land held by any person under leasehold tenure; and
iii. any other land declared private land under an Act of Parliament.
3.2.9 The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007.

This is an Act of Parliament to make provision for health, safety, and welfare of persons
employed in factories and other places, and for matters incidental thereto and connected
therewith.

3.2.10 Waste Management Regulations, 2006.

Part II of the Waste Management Regulations 4 (1) states that no person shall dispose of any
waste on a public highway, street, road, recreational area, or in any public place except in a
designated receptacle. Regulation 4 (2) further states that a waste generator shall collect,
segregate and dispose of such waste in the manner provided for under the regulations.

The proponent has undertaken measures to ensure that all waste generated is collected and
handled appropriately and disposed of at designated waste disposal sites.

3.3 LICENSES AND PERMITS.

Ideally, the Proponent should demonstrate compliance with the legislation through acquiring the
appropriate licenses and permits. Further, all contractors and consultants who will be engaged
during the planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning
should demonstrate compliance with the necessary pieces of legislation. Those who will be
involved should therefore provide the Proponent with all legal documents that show that they are
legally in the business or services that they intend to deliver to the Proponent. These include
NEMA registration certificates and licenses, trade licenses, etc.

The Proponent shall apply for any other required approvals of the project development and
licenses from all relevant Local Authority Offices.
 3.4 LEGAL POLICIES

3.4.1 The National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP)

The NEAP was a deliberate policy effort to integrate environmental considerations into the
country’s economic and social development initiatives/plans. The integration process was to be
achieved through a multi-sectoral approach to develop a comprehensive framework to ensure
that environmental management and conservation of natural resources are an integral part of
societal decision-making. As a result of its adoption and implementation, the establishment of
appropriate policies and legal guidelines, as well as harmonization of the existing ones, have
been accomplished and/or are in the process of development. Under the NEAP process, EIAs
were introduced targeting the industrialists, business community, and local authorities (now the
county governments).

3.4.2 National Policy on Water Resources Management and Development (1999)

While the National Policy on Water Resources Management and Development (1999) enhances
a systematic development of water facilities in all sectors for the promotion of the country's
socio-economic progress, it also recognizes the by-products of this process as wastewater. It,
therefore, calls for the development of appropriate sanitation systems to protect people's health
and water resources from institutional pollution. In addition, the policy provides for charging
levies on wastewater based on quantity and quality. The "polluter-pays-principle" applies in
which case parties contaminating water is required to meet the appropriate cost of remediation.
The policy provides for the establishment of standards to protect water bodies receiving
wastewater, an ongoing process.

3.4.3 The Land Policy (Sessional Paper No. 3 of 2009)

The overall objective of the National Land Policy is to secure land rights and provide for
sustainable growth, investment, and the reduction of poverty in line with the Government's
overall development objectives. Specifically, it seeks to develop a framework of policies and
laws designed to ensure the maintenance of a system of land administration and management that
will provide all citizens with the opportunity to access and beneficially occupy and use the land;
economically, socially, equitably, and environmentally sustainable allocation and use of land;
effective and economical operation of the land market; efficient use of land and land-based
resources; and efficient and transparent land dispute resolution mechanisms.

3.4.4 Public Health Policy

The policy calls upon the project proponent to ensure that buildings are adequately provided with
utilities so that they are fit for human habitation. The proposed development will have all
amenities/utilities that are essential for safeguarding public health for all people using the
facilities during the construction, operational, and decommissioning phases of the project.

3.4.5 The National Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Policy, (2007)

The Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene (ESH) Policy is intended to improve people's health
and quality of life. It aims at clarifying the various roles to enhance the existing legal and
constitutional framework and to encourage the private sector, civil society, and community
participation in the planning, implementation, and ownership of ESH services; protect the
environment from pollution and its negative effects on human health, and reduce poverty.

3.4.6 Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines Policy, 2002

The ESIA guidelines require that an ESIA be conducted following the issues and general
guidelines spelled out in the second and third schedules of the regulations. These include
coverage of the issues on schedule 2 (ecological, social, landscape, land use, and water
considerations) and general guidelines on schedule 3 (impacts and their sources, project details,
national legislation, mitigation measures, a management plan, and environmental auditing
schedules and procedures. This assessment has been conducted according to the ESIA
guidelines. (NEMA, 2002)

3.4.7 National Housing Policy

The goal of this Housing Policy is to facilitate the provision of adequate shelter and a healthy
living environment at an affordable cost to all socioeconomic groups in Kenya to foster
sustainable human settlements. This will minimize the number of citizens living in shelters that
are below the habitable living conditions. It will also curtail the mushrooming of slums and
informal settlements, especially in the major towns.
3.4.8 Physical Planning Policy

The physical planning policy governs the development and approval of all building plans as
provided for in the Physical Planning Act (Cap 286). The proposed project will be subjected to
the provisions of this policy and legislation.

3.4.9 National Climate Change Response Strategy

The purpose of the NCCRS is to put in place robust measures needed to address most, if not all,
of the challenges posed by climate variability and change. It is divided into ten chapters. Chapter
one looks at the history of climate change, challenges, and international efforts to combat climate
change. The remaining chapters give details on evidence and impacts of climate change; the
strategic focus of the national climate change response strategy (NCCRS); adaptation and
mitigation interventions; communication, education, and awareness programs; vulnerability
assessment; research, technology development, and transfer; policy, legislation, and institutional
framework; as well as an action plan, implementation framework, and resource mobilization
plan, respectively.

3.4.10 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

On September 25th, 2015, countries adopted the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
(SDG's) aimed at contributing towards ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring
prosperity for all as part of a new sustainable development agenda. The SDGs have very
significant implications for investment needs and the role of the public sector is fundamental and
pivotal. At the same time, the contribution of the education sector is indispensable. The
proponent has committed to the SDGs through the proposed development in the following ways:

3.4.10.1 Goal 3: Good Health & Well Being

The project will contribute to improved health and productivity through the provision of a safe
and clean environment for living.

3.4.10.2 Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation

The connection of the liquid waste to the septic tank and provision of adequate sanitary facilities
shall improve water quality and sanitation by ensuring a zero proportion of untreated wastewater
is not discharged to the environment.
3.4.10.3 Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
The implementation of an energy management system through good orientation, solar shading,
natural ventilation, natural lighting, energy-efficient fitting, and appliances shall contribute to
increased energy efficiency.

3.4.10.4 Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

The creation of employment opportunities during the project cycle shall contribute to reducing
the proportion of youth not in employment. The proponent shall ensure an environment that
emphasizes the protection of labor rights and promotes safe and secure working environments
for all workers during the project cycle.

3.4.11 Kenya Vision 2030

Kenya Vision 2030 is the country's new development blueprint covering the period 2008 to
2030. The blueprint aims at transforming Kenya into a newly industrializing "middle-income
country providing a high-quality life to all its citizens by the year 2030". The Vision is based on
three "pillars"; the economic, the social, and the political. The adoption of Vision 2030 came
after the successful implementation of the Economic Recovery Strategy (ERS) for Wealth and
Employment Creation which has seen the country's economy back on the path to rapid growth
since 2002 when Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew from a low of 0.6% and rising gradually
to 6.1% in 2006, one of the foundations for Vision 2030 is infrastructure. The Vision aspires for
a country firmly interconnected through a network of roads, railways, ports, airports, water and
sanitation facilities, and telecommunications. In this Vision to ensure that the main projects
under the economic pillar are implemented, investment in the nation's energy sector is given the
highest priority. The proposed development project will promote the economic growth of the
locality and transport sector during construction and operation phases and help propel Kenya to a
middle-income country as envisioned in the Vision 2030 development plan by developing the
education sector, one of the key targets sectors in the plan.
 3.5 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES

3.5.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

The UNFCCC is an international environmental treaty negotiated at the United Nations

Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in the Rio de Janeiro summit in 1992.
It is essentially an environmental treaty governing actions to combat climate change through
adaptation and mitigation efforts directed towards the control of emission of Green House Gases
(GHGs) that cause global warming.

Kenya signed the UNFCCC on 12th July 1992, ratified it on 30th August 1994, and enforced it
later that year on 28th November. By signing the UNFCCC, Kenya committed to reducing the
emission of GHGs during processes of extraction, production, and service delivery. This project
report recognizes this commitment and has made a conscious effort to mitigate the emission of
GHGs during the life cycle of the project.

3.5.2 Kyoto Protocol (1997)

The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in the 3 rd session of the Conference of Parties (COP) in 1997 in
Kyoto, Japan. Kenya acceded to the Kyoto Protocol on 26 th May 2005. The protocol is an
agreement negotiated as an amendment to the UNFCCC under which industrialized countries
will reduce their collective emissions of the 6 GHGs- carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
HFCs, and PFCs by 5.2%.
The project report has been led by this protocol whereby the proponent will make an effort
towards reducing the emission of GHGs by adopting technology that will reduce the emission of
the GHCs during the whole project life cycle.

3.5.3 Paris Agreement

The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. It was adopted
by almost all countries at COP 21 in Paris, on 12 December 2015 and entered into force on 4
November 2016. Kenya signed the Paris agreement on 22nd April 2016.

The Paris Agreement aims to keep the rise in the global average temperature to 'well below 2
degrees above pre-industrial levels, ideally 1.5 degrees. To strengthen countries' ability to adapt
to climate change and build resilience, and align all finance goals with a pathway towards low
greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development.

By implementing the recommendations made by the ESIA project report, the proponent will
contribute towards the goal of this agreement of achieving low GHGs emissions and building
climate-resilient development
CHAPTER FOUR: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Public participation is carried out to collect information from the stakeholder’s i.e students and
the neighboring community. This was achieved through questionnaires and oral interviews.

There were various issues raised during the public consultations that relate to the proposed
project, they include:

i. Noise Pollution and Vibration

There were concerns about noise generation during construction. This will major affect the
students nearby. The noise will therefore be reduced through working only during the day and
reducing unnecessary noise such as leaving machinery running when not working or vehicles
delivering materials running.

ii. Waste management

The project will generate both solid and liquid waste during the construction and operation
phases. The Plastics, papers e.t.c will be recycled where possible. Solid waste handlers will also
be hired to collect waste for disposal. The liquid waste generated will be directed to the existing
university's drainage system.

iii. Air Pollution.

Dust is expected during Construction works. Dust is a major cause of respiratory-related
complications. The contractor will ensure that a water bowser will always be at the site to ensure
the air quality is maintained.

iv. Public Safety

The university is a public institution that accommodates a lot of people. During the construction
works there will be heavy machinery, moving trucks, excavation, and other sources of risks for
the public. This will certainly affect the safety of all in the institution.

The contractor in conjunction with the university management will ensure the construction area
is well hoarded and is only accessible to authorized personnel.
The contractor will come up with a safety management plan that will adequately address public
safety during the project period. It is also expected that there will be adequate safety awareness
done to those engaged in the construction works and the university population.

v. Employment Opportunities
The proposed project will create employment opportunities for the neighboring community
through, supply of construction materials, labor, food, etc.

CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

This chapter analyses the proposed project alternatives in terms of site, technology scale, and
waste management options.
 5.1 NO PROJECT ALTERNATIVE

The No project option in respect to the proposed project implies that the status quo is maintained.
This option is the most suitable alternative from an extreme environmental perspective as it
ensures non-interference with the existing conditions.

This option will, however, involve several losses both to the University and the community as a
whole since the property will remain underutilized. The No Project Option is the least preferred
from the socio-economic and partly environmental perspective due to the following factors:-

i. The economic status of the local people would remain unchanged.

ii. The local skills would remain under-utilized.

iii. Reduced visitation due to lack of accommodation in the area where the project is
proposed.

iv. Reduced interaction both at local, national, and international levels.

v. No employment opportunities will be created for Kenyans who would work in the project
area.

vi. No increased accommodation for the students of JKUAT.

vii. Discouragement for investors.

viii. Development of infrastructural facilities (roads, electrical, etc.) will not be undertaken.

From the analysis above, it becomes apparent that the No project alternative is not an alternative
to the proponent, local people, Kenyans, and the Government of Kenya.

5.2 RELOCATION OPTION

Relocation option to a different site is an option available for the project implementation.
However, at present, the University does not have an alternative site. This means that he has to
look for land elsewhere. Looking for the land to accommodate the scale and size of the proposed
project and completing official transactions on time may take up to two (2) years although there
is no guarantee that the land would be available. The developer will spend more time on design
and approvals since design and planning have to be according to site conditions.

Project design and planning before the stage of implementation will cost the University a large
sum of money. Whatever has been done and paid to date will be counted as a loss to the
developer. The time wasted on these deliberations would cause delays that the proponent cannot
afford. This would also lead to a situation like the No Project Alternative option. The other
consequence of this is that it would be a discouragement for private/local investors. In
consideration of the above concerns and assessment of the current proposed site, relocation of
the project is not a viable option.

5.3 CARRYING ON WITH THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVE

Under the proposed project alternative, the proponent of the proposed project would be issued
with an EIA License. In issuing the license, NEMA would approve the proponent’s proposed
development, provided all environmental measures are complied with during the construction
period and occupation phases. This alternative consists of the applicant’s final proposal with the
inclusion of the NEMA regulations and procedures as stipulated in the environmental impacts to
the maximum extent practicable. 

5.4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY

The buildings will be constructed using modern, locally, and internationally accepted materials
to achieve public health, safety, security, and environmental aesthetic requirements. Equipment
and materials that save energy and water will be given first priority without compromising on
cost or availability factors. The concrete pillars and walls will be made using locally sourced
stones, cement, sand (washed and clean), metal bars, and fittings that meet the Kenya Bureau of
Standards requirements. Heavy use of timber during construction is discouraged because of the
destruction of forests. The indigenous species would be preferred to foreign species in the
construction where need will arise.

5.5 DOMESTIC WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVE

5.5.1 Connection to the Existing Sewer System 

Connection to the JKUAT sewer system will solve the waste management issue at a very
minimal cost and in an environmentally efficient manner. This is the most viable option for the
proposed project since the area will soon be connected to this specific sewerage system at a later
date.

5.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES

The proposed Modern Student’s Centre project will generate massive solid waste both during the
construction and operational phases. An integrated solid waste management system is
recommendable. The proponent will give priority to reduction at the source of the materials. This
option will demand a solid waste management awareness program in the management and the
students. 

Secondly, recycling, reusing, and composting waste will be an alternative. This calls for a source
separation program to be put in place. The recyclable waste (wood, nails, etc.) will be sold to
waste buyers within Juja and surrounding areas.

The third priority in the hierarchy of options is the combustion of the waste that is not recyclable
in order to produce energy. Considering the amount of waste involved this will not be
achievable.

Finally, using the current JKUAT solid waste management system would be the last and best
option for the proponent to consider.
 5.7 WATER SUPPLY

The increase of population within the JKUAT environs brings up the need for other alternatives
of supplying water to be considered. The available alternatives include:-

5.7.1 Rain Water Harvesting

Rainwater that will be flowing into drainage systems during rainy seasons shall be harnessed and
stored in-ground or underground tanks. The proponent will put measures to ensure that it’s
harvested and stored and then it can be used in the watering flower gardens, toilets, and general
cleaning.

5.7.2: Restoration of Boreholes

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology currently has five boreholes with only
one in current use. With the implementation of the project and the increase in population; the
boreholes need to be restored to cater to the user’s needs. Methods like: - flushing out sediment,
repairing old pumps and machinery, etc. can be used to restore them.

CHAPTER SIX: IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS

6.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter will discuss the prediction, identification, and analysis of the anticipated project
impacts throughout the project cycle, that is, pre-construction, construction, operation, and
decommissioning phases. The identified anticipated impacts emanating from the proposed
project will result in effects that may be positive or negative on the environmental and social
 elements thus influencing to analysis and categorizing them into four major parameters, which
are;

1. Magnitude - described as being major or minor positive/negative.

2. Duration – refers to period/time and is described as short-term or long term

3. Extent – refers to the coverage and it is evaluated in terms of being specific (localized) or
widespread

4. Reversibility – described as in terms of being reversible or irreversible.

6.2 ANTICIPATED POTENTIAL IMPACTS

Based on information gathered during both meetups and field study, the potential social and
environmental impacts were identified and determined through discussions with the project
consultant, stakeholder participation, a review of ESIA guidelines, and professional judgment.
The impacts were summarized as shown in the table below based on their magnitude, duration,
extent, and reversibility;

6.2.1 Table 1. Impact Identification Checklist

Classification Anticipated Pre- Construction Operation Decommissionin

of Impacts Impacts Constructio g
n
Environmenta Loss of vegetation √ √ √
l Impacts Air Emissions √ √ √
pollution Dust √ √
Noise pollution √ √ √ √
Groundwater √ √ √
siltation
Soil Pollution √ √ √ √
Solid waste √ √ √ √
 generation
Liquid waste √ √ √
generation
Alteration of
drainage
Increased Energy √ √ √ √
Consumption
Land Use Changes √ √ √ √
Social Impacts Creation of √ √ √ √
employment and
livelihoods
Economic boost √ √ √ √
Increased traffic √ √ √
(congestion)
Increased demand √ √ √
for services
Increase in √ √ √
population and labor
influx
Social-cultural √
conflicts
Conflict with the √ √ √ √
local community
Spread of diseases √ √ √ √
(Covid-19, HIV)
Drug Abuse √ √ √ √
Child labor √ √ √ √
Sexual √ √ √ √
abuse/Harassment
Health & Accidents √ √ √ √
Safety
 6.3 MODIFIED LEOPOLD MATRIX
6.3.1 Table 2. Environmental Characteristics

P Conflict
Air
r Noise Soil Energy Disease Econom with the
flora Groundwater Qualit Accident
oj Quality Quality Use spread y local
y
e community
ct Design and
Moderate High Low High High
A Planning
ct Clearing the
High Low High Mod. High High High High Mod. Mod.
io Site
n High
Excavation High High High High High High High High High
s
High
Transportation High High High High Mod. High High

Material
handling & Low High Mod. High High Mod. High High Low
storage
Construction High High High High High High High High High
(welding,
plumbing,
carpentry,
 concreting,
electrical)
Equipment
High High High High High High High High High High
handling
Employment
High High

Population
increase High High High High High High High High High

Traffic
Generation High High High High High High High High

High
Deconstruction High High High High High High High High High

Rehabilitation
of site High High High High High High Mod. High High
(Tree Planting)

Scale: High Impact – highly significant Low Impact – negligible significant

Moderate Impact – minor significant No Impact

 6.4 IMPACT CHARACTERIZATION

Table 3. Impact Characterization Matrix

Risk/
Anticipated Natur Magnitud Locatio Severit Duratio Reversibilit Likelihoo
Timing Significanc
Impacts e e n y n y d
e
Loss of vegetation --, P, D Construction High SP High LT IR High High
Air Emission Construction
pollutio s Operation
--,P, D High SP/W High LT IR High High
n Decommissio
n
Dust Construction
--, T,
Decommissio High SP High ST R High High
D
n
Noise pollution Construction
--, T,
Decommissio High SP High ST IR High High
D
n
Groundwater Construction
siltation -, T, D Decommissio Low SP/W Low ST R High Medium
n
Soil Pollution -, T, D Construction Low SP/W Low LT IR High Medium
 Operation
Decommissio
n
Solid waste --, T,
All phases High SP Low LT R High Medium
generation D, ID
Liquid waste --, T,
All phases High SP Low LT R High Medium
generation D, ID
Increased Energy -, +,
Consumption P,D, All phases High SP/W High LT R/IR High High
ID
Land Use Changes
--, P, D All phases High SP Low LT R/IR High Medium

Creation of ++,
employment and P,T, D, All phases High SP/W High ST/LT R/IR High High
livelihoods ID
Economy boost ++,
P,T, D, All phases High SP/W High ST/LT R/IR High High
ID
Increased traffic --, T,
(congestion) P, D, All phases High SP/W High ST/LT IR/R High High
ID
Anticipated Natur Timing Magnitud Locatio Severit Duratio Reversibilit Likelihoo Risk/
 Significanc
Impacts e e n y n y d
e
++,--,
Increased demand
P, T, All Phases High SP/W High LT/ST IR/R High High
for services
D, ID
Increase in ++,--,
population and labor P, T, All Phases High SP/W Low LT/ST R/IR High Medium
influx D, ID
Social-cultural +,-, P, All Phases
Medium W Low LT IR High Medium
change/ conflicts D, ID
Conflict with the --, T, Planning/
High W High ST IR High High
local community D, ID Construction
Spread of diseases --, P,
All Phases High W High LT IR High High
(Covid-19, HIV) D, ID
-, P, D,
Drug Abuse All Phases High W High LT IR/R High High
ID
--,T,
Child labor All phases High W High ST/LT R Low Medium
D, ID
Sexual --,T,
All phases High W High ST/LT R Low Medium
abuse/Harassment D, ID
--, P,
Accidents All Phases High SP/W High ST/LT IR High High
D, ID
 Consequence Severity
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Likelihoo Highly Medium High High
d Factor Likely
Likely Low Medium High
Highly Low Low Medium
Unlikely
Type of
Key Key Type of Impact
Impact
Major
++ Positive + Positive Impact
Impact
Major
-- Negative - Minor Negative Impact
Impact
Negligible
0 /No NC No Change
Impact
Specific/
SP W Widespread
Localized
R Reversible IR Irreversible
SH Short LT Long term
 Term
Temporar
T P Permanent
y
D Direct ID Indirect

Low- No problem does not need attention

Medium - Needs Monitoring
High - Needs to be mitigated
6.5 SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF THE
PROPOSED PROJECT

6.5.1 Environmental Impacts

A. Air Pollution
Construction activities such as the delivery of materials, vehicular traffic, use of heavy
machinery and fossil fuels, site excavation, and curing of cement will generate a lot of dust
(especially during the dry season) and emissions. These activities are bound to pollute the air
and cause a nuisance to the neighboring community. The hospitality activities may also
generate some emissions that will pollute the environment.

Mitigation:
● Use of dust masks when working.
● Dust suppression methods employed.
● All the vehicles and construction machinery should be operated in compliance with
relevant vehicle emission standards and with proper maintenance to minimize air
pollution.
● During operation, we advise the use of alternative fuels and sources of energy.
B. Loss of Vegetation
Clearing the site for excavation and construction will entail cutting down 30 acacia trees and
removal of some ground cover.

Mitigation:
● Replanting the same number of trees in another site within JKUAT.
● Use of non-mechanized machinery during site preparation.
C. Soil Pollution/Soil Impacts
Oil spills on-site and spillage or leakage of construction materials such as cement and paints
may cause soil pollution and contamination. The topsoil in the site that will be excavated is
really good for planting activities.

Mitigation:
● In case of spillage, the Contractor should isolate the source of the oil spill and contain the
spillage using sandbags, sawdust, absorbent material, and/or other materials
● All vehicles and equipment should be kept/contained in one place to avoid spillage in
different parts of the site.
● Proper storage of construction materials.
● Transfer of the topsoil to another site to be used for tree planting.
D. Noise and Vibration
Noise and vibration are generated during construction by heavy construction machinery, such
as excavators, bulldozers, concrete mixers, and vehicles. Generally, construction noise
exceeding a noise level of 70 decibels (dB) has significant impacts on the surrounding.

Mitigation:
● Avoid nighttime construction and restrict construction activities within daytime from 8
am to 5 am.
● Proper maintenance and operation of construction machinery to minimize noise
generation.
● Installation of temporary sound barriers.
● Selection of transport routes to minimize noise and nuisance in the learning areas.
● Where possible, ensure non-mechanized construction.

F. Waste Generation
During the construction and operation of the proposed project, there will be a lot of waste
generated (both solid and liquid waste). If this waste is not properly handled it may have
adverse effects on the environment. Hence we recommend;

Mitigation;
● Recommend on-site waste segregation during the construction and operation of the
proposed project.
● Use of licensed waste handlers during construction and operation.
● Use proper refuse disposal bins.

6.5.2 Social Impacts

A. Employment and Creation of livelihoods / Economy of Juja
The proposed project has an opportunity to employ locals during the construction stages and
operational phase of the project. The project is also likely to increase household income for
some people and will have an overall positive effect on the economy. The proposed project is
likely also to increase demand for some goods and services in the area such as construction
materials, utilities, household items, labor among other services. This is also beneficial to the
economy of the area and improves the living standards of people in the area.

B. Traffic congestion
The proposed project is bound to cause traffic congestion especially during the construction
and operational phases of the latter.

Mitigation:

● The Contractor should provide temporary signs or notices to indicate ongoing works;
● Contractor to plan itineraries for site traffic to avoid peak traffic periods
- Good practices that are recommended:
i. Only park in designated parking areas;
ii. Don't block pedestrian routes;
iii. Don't block traffic routes;
iv. Obey the speed limit
v. Designates loading/unloading areas.
C. Conflict with the local community

Conflict may arise during the planning and implementation of the proposed project as it
causes competition with the local landlords who currently provide housing for the students.
Also, in case of accidents or incidences caused by the proposed project happen, this may
cause conflict and bad publicity to the proposed project. Hence;

● We recommend having a team from the local community during planning,

implementation, and monitoring who will represent the community and stand as an
intermediary between the proponent and the community.
D. Spread of diseases
During implementation, there is a threat of disease spread such as Covid 19 and HIV.
Mitigation;
 ● Sensitizing the workers about the diseases and the importance of putting on masks and
hand washing.
● Providing masks, sanitizers, and handwashing stations on site.
● Ensuring workers work in aerated spaces.

6.5.3 Health and Safety

D. Accidents
During the implementation and operation of the proposed project, there are chances of
accidents occurring such as personal accidents or fire accidents.
Mitigation;
● Training workers on proper handling of equipment
● Training workers on the use and importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs),
● Proving PPE to all the site workers
● Providing firefighting equipment and first aid equipment on site
● Proper storage of flammable materials
● Providing clean water for workers on site

6.5.4 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures
-Use dust masks when working.
-Dust suppression methods were employed.
-All the vehicles and construction machinery should be operated in
Air Pollution
compliance with relevant vehicle emission standards and with proper
maintenance to minimize air pollution.
-During operation, we advise the use of alternative fuels and sources
of energy.

Loss of Vegetation -Replanting the same number of trees in another site within JKUAT.
-Use of non-mechanized machinery during site preparation.
-In case of spillage the Contractor should isolate the source of the oil
Soil Pollution/Soil
spill and contain the spillage using sandbags, sawdust, absorbent
Impacts
material, and/or other materials
 -All vehicles and equipment should be kept/contained in one place to
avoid spillage in different parts of the site.
-Proper storage of construction materials.
-Transfer of the topsoil to another site to be used for tree planting.
-Avoid nighttime construction and restrict construction activities
within day time from 8 am to 5 am.
-Proper maintenance and operation of construction machinery to
minimize noise generation.
Noise and Vibration
-Installation of temporary sound barriers.
-Selection of transport routes to minimize noise and nuisance in the
learning areas.
-Where possible, use non-mechanized construction.

-Recommend on-site waste segregation during construction and

operation of the proposed project.
Waste Generation -Use of licensed waste handlers during construction and operation.
-Using proper and well-maintained refuse disposal bins.

-The Contractor should provide temporary signs or notices to indicate

ongoing works;
-Contractor to plan itineraries for site traffic to avoid peak traffic
periods
-Good practices that are recommended
Traffic Congestion i. Only park in designated parking areas;
ii. Don't block pedestrian routes;
iii. Don't block traffic routes;
iv. Obey the speed limit
v. Designates loading/unloading areas.

Conflict with the local We recommend having a team from the local community during
community planning, implementation, and monitoring who will represent the
 community and stand as an intermediary between the proponent and
the community.

-Sensitizing the workers about the diseases and the importance of

putting on masks and hand washing.
Spread of Diseases
-Providing masks, sanitizers, and handwashing stations on site.
(Covid-19, HIV)
-Ensuring workers work in aerated spaces.

-Training workers on proper handling of equipment

-Training workers on the use and importance of Personal Protective
Equipment (PPEs),
-Proving PPE to all the site workers
Accidents
-Providing firefighting equipment and first aid equipment on site
-Proper storage of flammable materials
-Providing clean water for workers on site

CHAPTER SIX: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING AND

MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 INTRODUCTION

The Environmental, Social Monitoring, and Management Plan is an important process of

ensuring project sustainability and environmental and social protection. The process and plan
involve measurement of relevant parameters, at a level of details accurate enough, to distinguish
the anticipated changes. It is therefore important to integrate into the environmental and social
impact assessment process, an environmental monitoring and management plan that includes the
monitoring of the progress of mitigation measures being implemented while also monitoring the
project for any new negative impacts that were not earlier considered or anticipated.
 Monitoring aims at determining the effectiveness of actions to improve environmental quality.
The EMP outlined in the tables below addresses the identified issues of concern (potential
negative impacts) and mitigation measures as well as roles, costs, and monitorable time-frame
that can help to determine the effectiveness of actions to upgrade the quality of the environment;
as it regards the proposed project.

6.2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

IMPACTS PROJECT MITIGATION MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY COST

ACTION MEASURE INDICATORS
Biodiversity
Loss of Earthworks Planting trees Number of trees Contractor/ project 50,000.00
vegetation and vegetation manager
cover
Air
Dust Unpacking Using Activity intensity The project manager 200,000.00
cement protective wear, Levels of dust
Cooking dust
Construction suppression,
activities installing dust
screens around
site edges
Emissions Using Low emission Type of contractor
generators and machinery and machinery and
trucks equipment equipment
Noise Working with Using silencers decibels Project manager
construction where possible,
equipment Use of earmuffs
Water
Groundwate Contaminant Proper waste Spillage Project manager 150,000.00
r siltation leakages management incidences and
run-offs
Alteration of Excavations Provide Leveled land Project manager
Drainage Site leveling alternatives, area, amount of
proper drainage storm and
systems wastewater
Soil
Soil Site clearance Backfilling, Vegetation Project manager 200,000.00
excavation compaction, re- cover, paved
vegetation area
Social Concerns
Employment Site clearance NA Workforce, contractor 200,000.00
creation and construction resource
activities availability
Congestion Construction Adequate Traffic count, contractors 50,000.00
materials, traffic space, proper vehicle checks,
(vehicles and scheduling worker registers
automobiles)
Conflicts Communication Conflict Communication Project manager 100,000.00
differences, resolution by channels,
discrimination, engaging feedback forms
cultural workers,
disparities contractor,
project
manager, and
proponent
Disease Communication, Providing Condom uptake, Project manager 110,000.00
spread sexual condoms, disease
(Covid-19, encounters, sensitization prevalence
HIV) person-to- programs
person
interactions
Drug abuse Peer influence Creating Prevalence rates, Project manager
workplace adherence to
 policies and policies
educational
programs,
mandatory
checks
Child labor Recruitment of Sourcing adult Worker Contractor
underage workers from identification
persons neighboring documents
communities
Sexual Discrimination Worker Case prevalence contractor 20,000.00
abuse/ of either gender education and
Harassment training, strict
regulations
Health Safety
Accidents Putting up Install visible Accident contractor 50,000.00
warning signs at signs in proper incidents
inappropriate locations
locations

6.3 MONITORING PLAN (MP)

No. Affected Objectives Mitigation Responsible Due Monitoring Cost

Environment Measures party Date/Frequency Activity
Construction Phase
C1 Air quality To reduce dust Using Contractor Continuous Routine air 20,000.00
emissions from protective inspection month
the wear,
 construction Dust
site suppression,
installing
dust screens
around site
edges
C2 Occupational To minimize Install Project As required Visual 5,000.00/ m
Health and health risks and visible signs manager inspection
Safety accidents in proper
during locations
construction
C3 Air quality To reduce Planning Contractor Continuous Monitoring 20,000.00
noise and construction air quality
vibrations on times,
site switching
off engines
when not in
use
C4 Removal of To facilitate Maintain Project As required Inspection 20,000.00
vegetation proper vegetation manager
cover demarcation of cover on
area for portions not
construction excavated
Operational Phase
O1 Stakeholder To ensure all Conflict Students, Continuous Number of NA
conflicts project resolution school engagements consultations
participants are by engaging management, and
satisfied with workers, community, meetings
project contractor, and
implementation project government
manager,
 and
proponent
O2 Public health Disease Maintain Project As required Regular 60,000.00
prevention good manager health month
hygiene on checkups
construction and
site and monitoring
outside
O3 Soil erosion To prevent Control soil Project As required Joint site 35,000.00/
erosion on the erosion manager activity month
site inspection
O4 Solid waste To ensure Use Project Continuous Regular site 20,000.00/
generation proper integrated manager inspection
handling and solid waste
disposal of management
wastes systems
O5 High energy To reduce Use energy- proponent As required Continuous 30,000.00
use energy saving inspection
consumption options such
by half as
fluorescent
tubes
CHAPTER 7. DECOMMISSIONING PLAN

Decommissioning is an important phase in the project cycle and comes last to wind up the
operational activities of a particular project. It refers to the final disposal of the project and
associated materials at the expiry of the project lifespan. If such a stage is reached, the proponent
needs to remove all materials resulting from the demolition/ decommissioning from the site. The
following should be undertaken to restore the environment:

● Remove all underground facilities from the site

● The site should be well landscaped by flattening the mounds of soil and planting
indigenous trees and flowers
● All the equipment should be removed from the site
● Fence and signpost unsafe areas until natural stabilization occur
● Backfill surface openings if practical.
CHAPTER 8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In accordance with EMCA and the Environmental (Impact and Audit) Regulations, 2003, the
findings of the EIA carried out for this project indicate that possible environmental impacts
generated during construction, operations, and decommissioning phases can be addressed
effectively by the proponent through the mitigation measures indicated in the matrix above. As
per the above analysis of the aspects of both positive and negative environmental impacts of the
project’s development, we, the experts found NO SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE IMPACTS that
could pose adverse effects to the extent of barring the proposed project from being implemented.
However, the minor potential negative impacts of the proposed project could be managed with
the suggested environmental and social mitigation management plan. Having considered the data
collected, analyzed, and collated information that is available, it is the experts’ considered
opinion that:

vi. The project does not pose any serious environmental concerns, other than those of a
minor scale that accompany most development activities;
vii. The positive impacts of the project outweigh the negative ones, which will be adequately
contained by following the prescribed environmental and social impact management
plans; as such, the project could be allowed to commence, and activities are managed
within the provided EMP and sound environmental management practices that are
internationally recognized.

Other specific recommendations that the proponent should implement include:-

 i. Consult all relevant service providers and authorities (i.e. Kiambu County Government,
KPLC, NEMA, NCA among others) so as to harmonize the project infrastructural and
socio-economic developments with existing facilities.

ii. Adhere to all relevant construction, occupational, health, and safety regulations and any
other relevant laws.

iii. Ensure Water and Energy Management Systems are put in place as outlined within the
report and incorporate rainwater harvesting facilities.

iv. Ensure solid waste management during construction and operational phases of the project
adhere to the Environmental Management and Coordination (Waste Management)
Regulations, 2006.

v. Ensure strict adherence to provisions of Environmental Management and Coordination

(Noise and Excessive Vibrations Pollution) Regulations, 2009.

vi. Ensure wastewater is disposed of as per standards set in the Environmental Management
and Coordination (Water Quality) Regulations, 2006.

vii. Ensure strict adherence to Occupational Health and Safety Act, 2007

viii. Ensure an elaborate landscaping program is put in place as the construction phase is
being concluded so as to replenish vegetation around the project site by planting trees,
flowers, and lawns where applicable.

8.1 STATUTORY COMPLIANCE

The proponent and the contractor shall ensure that they implement and adhere to the statutory
provisions of the statutes mentioned in this report and any other relevant ones provided for in
Kenya.
PLAN FOR COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS

The table below gives the plan for compliance with environmental legislations and regulations
by the proponent.

Project Activity Aspect Relevant Proposed compliance

Phase statutes/regulatio
ns

Planning Drawings and Approval from Section 30 of the The Proponent

and Director of Physical submitted architectural
Submission of
Design Physical drawings and plans for
Planning Act (Cap
Phase Plans Planning & the proposed Project to
286)
Development, the Department of
Physical Planning,
Kiambu County
Kiambu County
Government.
Government for approval

Planning Seeking Approval from Environmental The Proponent has

and the Management and Contracted NEMA
Environmental
Registered
Design Impact National Coordination Environmental Lead
Phase amendment act Expert in
Assessment Environment
2015 Environmental Impact
Management
License Environmental Assessment/ Audit to
Authority
Impact carry out ESIA of the
(NEMA)
proposed Project, prepare
Assessment and
a project Report and
Audit
submit to NEMA for
Regulations, 2003 approval (Details of the
Approval attached.)

Constructi The site has Approval from Section 28 to 29 The Proponent has
on been fenced Director of of the Building already put up a

Phase using iron Physical Code 1968 temporary fence to

sheets, Fences Planning & comply with the Building
or other Development, Code and Kiambu
Means of County Government
Kiambu County
Enclosure of Rules and Regulations.
Government
Approved

Materials,
THE APPENDIX

i. Questionnaire

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) QUESTIONNAIRE.

PROPOSED MODERN STUDENT’S CENTER IN JKUAT, JUJA SUB-COUNTY

Description of the project: MODERN STUDENT'S CENTER ON LAND PARCEL: 54321/04

LOCATED IN JKUAT, NEXT TO JKUAT SWIMMING POOL, JUJA, KIAMBU COUNTY.
The development will be an eight-block building, each block with different floors comprising of
a ground floor with shops, cyber cafes, canteens, food stalls, bicycles parking spaces, with all the
necessary amenities and green open spaces.

Name of Neighbor/ Stakeholder: __________________________________________________

Resident/ Business Owner: __________________________________________________

Tel No/ ID No of Respondent: ___________________________________________________

vi. Has the proposed multi-dwelling development been mentioned to you before?

______________________________________________________________________________

vii. Should the multi-residential development be allowed to continue or be stopped?

______________________________________________________________________________

viii. Do you think the proposed residential development will affect the Environment? If so,
which part of the environment?

______________________________________________________________________________
ix. What improvements should the developers include to minimize the effect on people and
the environment, if the development is to continue?

x. What benefits do you think the proposed development will bring to the people around the
project area?

______________________________________________________________________________

xi. Any other relevant comments related to the proposed development?

______________________________________________________________________________