SUBJECT: (LEA 4) COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING

REPORTERS: DULAGAN, JONAS

FACAYAN, JERIC
GANGA, RUYSDALE
GASPAR, RUSSEL JOHN
JUAN, WENDEL
KIBLONG, GIRLIE
LANG-AGAN, YHUGICO
LANGAWAN,
TOPIC: 8 TYPES OF POLICE IN THE WORLD
DATE: MARCH 15, 2023
FACILITATOR: JOFFIN K. OLANGKAY

Types of police in the world

1. Uniformed police
2. Detectives
3. Auxiliary
4. Special police
5. Military police
6. Religious police
7. Border police
8. Transport police

UNIFORMED POLICE
Uniformed police are the most common type of police force and are responsible for maintaining
law and order in their jurisdiction. They wear a distinctive uniform to identify themselves and are
equipped with various tools such as radios, handcuffs, and firearms. Uniformed police officers perform
duties such as patrolling, responding to emergencies, investigating crimes, and enforcing laws and
regulations. They are usually the first point of contact for members of the public and are responsible for
maintaining public safety and order.
Uniformed police are one of the most common types of police in the world. They can be found in
countries of varying levels of development, from highly industrialized nations to developing countries.
The primary role of uniformed police is to maintain public safety and enforce the law.
In some countries, uniformed police officers are called "beat cops" or "bobbies" and patrol
designated areas on foot, bicycle, or in a police vehicle. They respond to emergency calls, investigate
crimes, make arrests, and provide assistance to the public. In other countries, uniformed police officers
may have a more specialized role, such as traffic enforcement, community policing, or tactical response.
In addition to their law enforcement duties, uniformed police officers may also engage in
community outreach activities, such as participating in neighborhood watch programs, giving safety
presentations to schools and community groups, or organizing charity events. These activities help to
build trust between the police and the community, which is essential for effective crime prevention and
law enforcement.

EXAMPLES OF DUTIES:
1. A police officer patrols a specific area of the city either in a car or on foot to check for vacant or
unoccupied buildings that may need protection. They also keep an eye on businesses and public
areas to make sure everyone is following the law, and take action if they find any violations. If
they see anything suspicious, they confront it and decide what action to take.
 2. Negotiates settlements between emotionally upset and often irrational persons involved in
domestic disputes, drunkenness, burglaries, larcenies, vandalism, assaults, etc.
3. A police officer is responsible for managing activities at accident and disaster sites to help
restore normal traffic flow. They investigate traffic accidents and periodically direct traffic to
ensure smooth movement. They may stop drivers who violate traffic laws, and issue warnings or
summonses accordingly. If a driver has committed a serious offense, the officer may make a
physical arrest.
4. Police officers help investigate crimes and suspected criminal acts to find and arrest those who
committed the crime. They examine crime scenes to collect evidence and interview witnesses
and suspects. Based on their investigation, they determine the extent of criminal activity and
decide whether additional police assistance is necessary. They also help prepare for the
prosecution of those charged with committing crimes.
5. Works with other law enforcement personnel to facilitate the flow of information about criminal
activity and the cooperative enforcement of City, State and Federal laws
6. Completes and submits all required reports and records in conformance with Department
Standard Operating Procedures, Policies and regulations and statutory requirements, conducts
follow-up investigations on unsolved crimes.
7. Assists general public in rendering assistance and/or direction, may give safety and crime
prevention talks to children and civic groups.
8. Testifies in Courts as required in traffic and criminal cases and gives sworn evidence at any
official Board, Department, Committee, etc.
9. Performs other related duties as required.

DETECTIVES
Detectives are a type of police officer who specializes in investigating crimes. They are
responsible for gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses and suspects, and analyzing information to
solve crimes. They use a range of investigative techniques to solve cases and are often called upon to
testify in court. Detectives are typically plainclothes officers who work in specialized units within a
police department.
Detectives can be found in law enforcement agencies around the world, and their duties can vary
depending on the department and the country. In some countries, detectives are known as
"investigators" or "criminal investigators." They may work in specialized units such as homicide,
narcotics, or fraud, or they may work in a general investigations unit that handles a wide range of
crimes.
Detectives often work in a team with other officers and investigators to solve crimes. They may
collaborate with forensic specialists, crime scene technicians, and other experts to gather evidence and
build a case against a suspect. Detectives also work closely with prosecutors and may be called to testify
in court as expert witnesses.
The work of detectives is essential in the criminal justice system, as their investigations can help
to identify and prosecute criminals, prevent future crimes, and bring closure to victims and their
families. However, the work of detectives can also be challenging and can expose them to difficult and
potentially dangerous situations.

Types of Detective:
1. Homicide detective
Homicide detectives investigate murders, interview victims, conduct walkthroughs,
collect evidence, and collaborate with other detectives to identify suspects.

2. Police detective
Police detectives are investigators who specialize in solving crimes such as robberies,
arson, homicides, and property crimes. Some common duties of a police detective include:
 Collect evidence
  Follow leads
 Interview witnesses and victims
 Write reports
 Interrogate suspects
 Make arrests
 Serve warrants
 Testify in court
3. Forensic detective
Forensic detectives investigate crimes by collecting and analyzing physical evidence
from crime scenes using scientific tests. They use their knowledge of biology, physics, and
chemistry to determine how and when the crime happened, and present their findings in detailed
reports and court testimony.
4. Computer crime detective
Computer crime detectives investigate crimes related to computers and computer
networks, such as hacking and copyright infringement. They recover computer data to use as
evidence and inspect software applications, analyze computer systems, and collect computer
system information. They may also recover encrypted files and improve computer system
performance, and testify about their findings in court.
5. Narcotics detectives
Narcotics detectives investigate the illegal buying and selling of drugs at the local, state,
and federal level. They work to identify and dismantle drug organizations and arrest those
involved. They may work undercover to gather evidence without revealing their identities as law
enforcement officers to apprehend suspects.
6. Cold case detectives
Cold case detectives investigate unsolved criminal cases, particularly homicide cases that
no longer have an active investigation. They review case files, interview original investigators
and people involved in the case, and use technology advancements to solve the crime with
existing evidence.
7. Undercover detective
Undercover detectives perform secret investigations to collect evidence for a suspected or
confirmed crime. They assume a different identity to avoid being recognized as law enforcement
officers and engage in illegal activities with suspects, like buying illegal goods. They may use
hidden cameras and recorders and work on a project for months or years to gather sufficient
evidence.
8. Private detective
A private detective or investigator is a professional who works outside of the police force
and is hired by witnesses, victims, or loved ones to gather information about a case. They
conduct surveillance, perform background checks, and research information about certain people
or organizations. They may work alone or in collaboration with police detectives to help solve
cases.
9. Missing persons detective
Missing persons detectives investigate reports of missing persons, gathering information
from law enforcement, loved ones, and witnesses. They may utilize media resources and conduct
research, such as locating cell phone signals or surveillance footage from local businesses, to
locate the missing person.
10. Fraud detective
Fraud detectives investigate fraudulent activity for government or private organizations
by gathering data, speaking with people involved, researching transactions and records, and
conducting surveillance. They work to determine how the crime occurred and collaborate with
attorneys and other criminal justice professionals to present their findings and testify in court.
 AUXILIARY
Auxiliary police, also known as reserve police or volunteer police, are a type of law
enforcement agency that supports full-time police officers by providing additional manpower and
resources during times of emergency or special events. Auxiliary police officers are typically volunteers
who work part-time and may receive training similar to that of regular police officers and yet they do not
have the same authority as regular police officers.

The duties of auxiliary police vary depending on the country and the specific needs of the
community. Some common duties of auxiliary police include:
1. Providing crowd control: Auxiliary police officers may assist with crowd control during special
events or emergencies, such as protests, concerts, or natural disasters.
2. Conducting patrols: Auxiliary police officers may conduct patrols in high-crime areas or in
areas with increased security risks, such as airports or train stations.
3. Supporting investigations: Auxiliary police officers may assist with investigations by
conducting interviews, gathering evidence, or providing backup for regular police officers.
4. Providing community outreach: Auxiliary police officers may engage in community outreach
programs, such as crime prevention initiatives or youth mentoring programs.
Auxiliary police are found in many countries around the world, including the United States,
Canada, United Kingdom, and Singapore. In some cases, auxiliary police officers may have limited law
enforcement powers and may only perform certain duties under the supervision of regular police
officers. However, they play an important role in supporting full-time police officers and helping to
maintain public safety.

The duties and responsibilities of auxiliary police may vary depending on the agency and the
local laws, but here are some common types of auxiliary police officers:
1. Reserve Officers: These auxiliary officers work part-time and are usually called upon to help
during emergency situations or to fill in for regular police officers who are on leave or vacation.
2. Community Service Officers: These auxiliary officers work with regular police officers to
perform non-emergency tasks such as directing traffic, crowd control, and assisting with
community events.
3. Park Rangers: These auxiliary officers work in parks and other outdoor areas, enforcing park
rules and regulations, assisting visitors, and patrolling the area.
4. Search and Rescue Officers: These auxiliary officers are trained in search and rescue
techniques and help locate missing persons, provide first aid, and assist in disaster relief efforts.
5. Disaster Response Officers: These auxiliary officers assist with disaster response efforts such as
evacuations, sheltering, and distributing emergency supplies.
6. Traffic Control Officers: These auxiliary officers assist with traffic control during major
events, accidents, and road construction projects.
7. Auxiliary Detectives: These auxiliary officers assist with investigations by conducting
interviews, gathering evidence, and providing support to regular detectives.
8. Communication Officers: These auxiliary officers assist with dispatching emergency services,
answering phone calls, and providing administrative support to regular dispatchers.
9. Animal Control Officers: These auxiliary officers assist with animal control duties such as
responding to calls regarding lost or aggressive animals, enforcing animal control laws, and
educating the public about responsible pet ownership.
 10. Border Patrol Auxiliary Officers: These auxiliary officers assist with border patrol duties such
as monitoring border areas, reporting suspicious activity, and providing support to regular border
patrol agents.

What are the differences between auxiliary police and police?

The main difference between auxiliary police and regular police is that auxiliary police are
typically volunteers who provide additional support to full-time police officers during times of
emergency or special events. Here are some other key differences:
1. Training: While auxiliary police officers receive training similar to that of regular police officers,
they may not receive the same level of training and may have less experience in law
enforcement.
2. Authority: Auxiliary police officers may have limited law enforcement powers and may only
perform certain duties under the supervision of regular police officers. Regular police officers
have full law enforcement powers and can perform a wide range of duties without supervision.
3. Employment status: Regular police officers are full-time employees of a law enforcement agency
and receive a salary and benefits. Auxiliary police officers are typically volunteers who receive
little or no compensation for their work.
4. Duties: While the duties of auxiliary police officers can vary depending on the country and the
specific needs of the community, they generally provide support to full-time police officers
during times of emergency or special events. Regular police officers perform a wide range of law
enforcement duties on a daily basis, such as patrolling, responding to emergencies, and
investigating crimes.
In summary, auxiliary police are a valuable resource that can provide additional support to full-
time police officers during times of emergency or special events. However, they generally have limited
law enforcement powers and may only perform certain duties under the supervision of regular police
officers. Regular police officers are full-time employees of a law enforcement agency and have full law
enforcement powers to perform a wide range of duties on a daily basis.

SPECIAL POLICE
Special police are specialized units that are responsible for a specific type of enforcement or
investigation. They may be part of a larger police force or operate independently. Examples of special
police include SWAT teams, K-9 units, and border patrol agents. Special police officers receive
additional training and equipment to perform their duties and may be involved in high-risk operations
such as hostage rescues or drug busts.
Special police refer to a type of law enforcement officer who has specialized training and
performs a specific role within a police department or agency. Special police officers are found in many
countries and can have a wide range of duties and responsibilities.
Despite their specialized training and expertise, special police officers are subject to the same
rules and regulations as regular police officers, including rules regarding the use of force and conduct on
duty. Special police officers are held to high standards of professionalism and accountability, and their
actions are subject to review and oversight by their department or agency.

Types of special police

1. SWAT (Special Weapons and Tactics) team members: These officers are trained and
equipped to handle high-risk situations, such as hostage situations, terrorist attacks, and
barricaded suspects. SWAT officers may be called upon to use specialized weapons and tactics
to resolve these situations and protect public safety.
 2. K-9 handlers: These officers work with police dogs, which can be used to track suspects, detect
drugs and explosives, and assist in search and rescue operations.
3. Crime scene technicians: These officers are responsible for processing crime scenes, collecting
and analyzing evidence, and preserving the integrity of the crime scene.
4. Forensic specialists: These officers use scientific methods to analyze evidence, such as DNA,
fingerprints, and ballistics, to identify suspects and build cases against them.
5. Hostage negotiators: These officers are trained to communicate with suspects in high-stress
situations, such as hostage situations, to de-escalate the situation and bring it to a peaceful
resolution.
6. Tactical response team members: These officers are trained to respond to high-risk situations,
such as riots, civil disturbances, and mass shootings, to restore order and protect public safety.
7. Traffic officers: These officers specialize in traffic enforcement, ensuring that motorists obey
traffic laws and respond to accidents and other incidents on the road.
8. Motorcycle units: These units use motorcycles to patrol and enforce traffic laws in congested
areas, such as urban centers and event venues.
9. Mounted units: These units use horses to patrol parks, streets, and other public areas. They are
often used for crowd control and search and rescue operations.
10. Bicycle units: These units use bicycles to patrol areas where cars cannot easily access, such as
parks, bike paths, and pedestrian zones.
11. Aviation units: These units use aircraft to monitor traffic, assist in search and rescue operations,
and provide aerial support to ground units.
12. Underwater recovery units: These units use specialized equipment to search for and recover
evidence or bodies from bodies of water.
*Note that the specific types of special police may vary depending on the jurisdiction and the needs
of the community.

What are the differences between special police and military police?
Special police and military police are both specialized law enforcement agencies that have specific roles
and responsibilities. Here are some of the key differences between the two:
1. Authority: Special police are typically authorized to operate within a specific geographical area
and have limited law enforcement powers. Military police, on the other hand, have broader law
enforcement powers and may operate both domestically and internationally.
2. Training: Special police officers receive specialized training for their specific duties, which may
include crowd control, counter-terrorism, or protection of high-value targets. Military police
officers receive training specific to the military environment, which may include combat
training, weapons handling, and military tactics.
3. Employment status: Special police officers may be employed by a government agency or private
company, depending on their jurisdiction. Military police officers are members of the armed
forces and are subject to military discipline and regulations.
4. Jurisdiction: Special police officers are typically responsible for enforcing specific laws within a
particular area, such as a port or airport, while military police are responsible for enforcing
military law and regulations within the armed forces.
5. Duties: The duties of special police officers can vary depending on the jurisdiction and their
specific role, but they generally include maintaining public order and safety, protecting specific
areas or high-value targets, and enforcing specific laws or regulations. Military police officers
may be responsible for maintaining discipline and order within military units, protecting military
installations, and conducting law enforcement activities in areas of military operations.
 In summary, while both special police and military police are specialized law enforcement
agencies, they have different roles, responsibilities, and authorities. Special police are typically focused
on a specific area or task, while military police operate within the military environment and are subject
to military discipline and regulations.

MILITARY POLICE
Military police (MP) are a type of police officer who serve within the armed forces of a country.
Their role is to maintain law and order, enforce military laws and regulations, and ensure the safety and
security of military personnel and facilities. Military police officers are found in armies, navies, air
forces, and other branches of the military around the world. They are typically part of the armed forces
and often have jurisdiction over military bases and other installations.
Military police officers perform duties such as patrolling, responding to emergencies, and
investigating crimes. They may also be involved in counter-terrorism operations and protecting military
assets. Military police officers receive specialized training in law enforcement, military law, and combat
operations. They must also meet the physical and mental requirements necessary to serve in the military.

The duties of military police can vary depending on the country and the branch of the military
they serve. Some common duties of military police include:
1. Law enforcement: Military police officers enforce military laws and regulations, as well as
civilian laws on military installations. They may conduct patrols, respond to incidents, and
investigate crimes.
2. Traffic control: Military police officers may direct traffic on military installations and enforce
traffic laws.
3. Security: Military police officers are responsible for maintaining the security of military
installations and protecting military personnel and facilities from threats.
4. Corrections: Military police officers may serve as corrections officers in military prisons and
detention facilities.
5. Force protection: Military police officers may be responsible for protecting military convoys,
guarding sensitive materials, and providing security for high-level military officials.
6. Investigations: Military police officers may conduct investigations into crimes committed by
military personnel or related to military operations.
In addition to their law enforcement duties, military police officers are also responsible for
providing support to military operations, including conducting convoy operations, providing security for
military aircraft, and assisting with the movement of troops and supplies.

Here are some types of military police:

1. Combat Support MP: These MPs are trained to provide support in combat situations and assist
with security and tactical operations.
2. Criminal Investigations Division (CID) Agent: These MPs are responsible for investigating
serious crimes such as murder, sexual assault, and fraud within the military community.
3. Customs Officer: These MPs are responsible for enforcing customs and immigration laws and
regulations at ports of entry and other military installations.
4. Corrections Officer: These MPs are responsible for maintaining order and discipline in military
correctional facilities and supervising the confinement and rehabilitation of military prisoners.
 5. Law Enforcement Patrol Officer: These MPs are responsible for maintaining law and order on
military installations, conducting traffic enforcement, and responding to emergency situations.
6. Physical Security Officer: These MPs are responsible for protecting military installations,
personnel, and equipment from theft, sabotage, and other security threats.
7. Protective Services Officer: These MPs are responsible for providing security and protection to
high-ranking military officials, diplomats, and other VIPs.

What is the difference between military police and police?

Military Police Police Officer
 responsible for maintaining law and order  responsible for maintaining law and order
within the military in civilian communities

Military police officers serve in the armed Police officers serve in civilian law enforcement
forces of a country and are responsible for agencies and are responsible for maintaining law
enforcing military laws and regulations, and order in the community. They have
protecting military personnel and facilities, jurisdiction over a specific geographic area and
and supporting military operations. They have are responsible for enforcing local, state, and
jurisdiction over military installations and federal laws.
personnel, and their duties can range from law
TRAINING: Police officers receive training in
enforcement to force protection and combat
criminal law, community policing, and use of
operations.
force.
TRAINING: Military police officers receive
specialized training in military law, combat
EQUIPMENT: Armed with civilian-grade
operations, and weapons handling
weapons
EQUIPMENT: Armed with military-grade
weapons and equipment

Overall, while there are similarities between military police and police officers, such as their role
in maintaining law and order, there are significant differences in their jurisdiction, training, and
equipment.

RELIGIOUS POLICE
Religious police, also known as morality police, are a type of law enforcement agency found in
some countries with a strong religious influence. Their role is to enforce religious laws and codes of
behavior, often with a particular focus on enforcing Islamic law (Sharia) or upholding conservative
values in countries with a conservative religious culture.
Religious police are also referred to as Hisbah in Islamic countries. They exist in some countries
where religion plays a significant role in daily life, and their duties may include monitoring public
behavior, dress codes, and morality.
The duties and authority of religious police vary depending on the country and the particular
interpretation of religious laws that they enforce. Some common duties of religious police include:
1. Enforcing dress codes: Religious police may enforce strict dress codes for women, such as
requiring them to wear a hijab or other modest clothing.
2. Enforcing religious laws: Religious police may enforce religious laws related to alcohol,
gambling, and other activities deemed immoral or contrary to religious teachings.
3. Enforcing prayer times: Religious police may enforce religious laws requiring individuals to
pray at certain times.
 4. Enforcing gender segregation: Religious police may enforce strict gender segregation in public
spaces, such as prohibiting men and women from mingling in public spaces.
5. Monitoring behavior: Religious police may monitor individuals and public spaces for behavior
that violates religious laws or codes of conduct.
6. Promoting religious values: Religious police may engage in educational campaigns and
community outreach to promote religious values and teachings.
Religious police have been criticized for their strict enforcement of religious laws and codes of
behavior, which can infringe on individual rights and freedoms. In some cases, religious police have
been accused of using excessive force, arbitrary detention, and other human rights abuses.
Countries with religious police include Saudi Arabia, Iran, Sudan, and some states in
northern Nigeria. The presence and authority of religious police have been a subject of controversy and
debate in many of these countries, with some calling for greater oversight and accountability.

Types of religious police

1. Mutaween: This is the religious police force in Saudi Arabia that enforces the country's strict
interpretation of Sunni Islam. They patrol public places to ensure that people adhere to Islamic
customs and laws, such as dress codes and gender segregation.
2. Basij: This is a volunteer militia in Iran that enforces Islamic customs and laws. They are
responsible for enforcing dress codes, preventing alcohol consumption, and promoting Islamic
values.
3. Sharia police: Sharia police are found in various countries that have Islamic legal systems,
including Indonesia, Nigeria, and Malaysia. They enforce Sharia law, which includes regulations
on dress, behavior, and morality.
4. Hindu nationalist groups: In India, some Hindu nationalist groups have formed their own
religious police forces to enforce Hindu customs and laws. These groups have been criticized for
engaging in vigilantism and targeting religious minorities.
5. Haredi police: In Israel, some ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities have formed their own
religious police forces to enforce their interpretation of Jewish law. They are responsible

How does religious police work and what countries are they found?
Religious police, also known as morality police or Hisbah, are law enforcement agencies tasked
with enforcing religious laws and codes of conduct. Their authority and methods of enforcement vary
depending on the country and the particular interpretation of religious laws they enforce. Here are some
examples of how religious police operate in different countries:
1. Saudi Arabia: The Saudi Arabian religious police, also known as the Committee for the
Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, enforce Islamic laws and codes of behavior. Their
duties include enforcing dress codes, monitoring public behavior, and regulating the activities of
women. The religious police have been criticized for their strict enforcement methods, including
the use of physical punishment and public shaming.
2. Iran: The Iranian religious police, also known as the Basij, enforce Islamic laws and promote
Islamic values. They are responsible for enforcing dress codes, regulating public behavior, and
monitoring social media and the internet for behavior deemed immoral or contrary to Islamic
teachings. The Basij have been accused of using excessive force and violating individual rights.
3. Sudan: The Sudanese religious police, also known as the Public Order Police, enforce Islamic
laws related to dress codes, alcohol, and public behavior. They have been accused of using
excessive force and violating individual rights.
 4. Nigeria: Some states in northern Nigeria have established Hisbah agencies to enforce Islamic
laws and codes of behavior. The Hisbah have been criticized for their strict enforcement
methods, including public floggings and confiscation of property.
Religious police have been a subject of controversy and debate, with some calling for greater
oversight and accountability to protect individual rights and freedoms. While some see religious police
as an important tool for enforcing religious laws and promoting morality, others view their methods as
invasive and oppressive.

BORDER POLICE
Border police, also known as border guards or border patrol, are a type of law enforcement
agency responsible for securing a country's borders, enforcing immigration laws and preventing illegal
entry and exit. They are typically part of a country's immigration or customs agency, or a separate law
enforcement agency focused on border security.
They work at airports, seaports, and land borders and are responsible for preventing illegal entry,
apprehending smugglers, and conducting immigration checks. Border police officers may be involved in
surveillance, intelligence gathering, and working with other law enforcement agencies to maintain
national security.
The duties of border police vary depending on the country and the specific threats and challenges
they face. Some common duties of border police include:
1. Controlling entry and exit: Border police are responsible for controlling the movement of
people and goods across international borders. They may screen travelers for visas, check
passports, and search for contraband.
2. Preventing illegal immigration: Border police work to prevent illegal immigration by detecting
and intercepting individuals attempting to enter the country without authorization.
3. Combating smuggling and trafficking: Border police may work to prevent the smuggling of
contraband or illegal goods, such as drugs or weapons, and the trafficking of people or wildlife.
4. Securing the border: Border police may patrol the border to prevent unauthorized crossings and
respond to security threats.
5. Providing assistance: Border police may assist with search and rescue operations, respond to
natural disasters, or provide support to other law enforcement agencies.
Border police are found in many countries around the world, including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, Russia, China, and European Union countries. In some cases, border police may work in
collaboration with other law enforcement agencies, such as customs, immigration, or military forces, to
protect the country's borders and maintain national security.

Common types of border police:

1. Border patrol agents: These are law enforcement officers who work for the government to
secure and patrol a country's borders, including land, sea, and air borders. They are responsible
for enforcing immigration laws, preventing smuggling and trafficking, and intercepting illegal
goods and contraband.
2. Customs officers: These officers work for a country's customs agency and are responsible for
enforcing import and export regulations. They check cargo and baggage, collect duties and taxes,
and inspect goods for illegal substances or contraband.
3. Border guards: Border guards are often part of a country's military or paramilitary force and are
responsible for securing land borders. They patrol the borders, prevent illegal entry, and respond
to border incidents.
 4. Coast guard: The coast guard is a maritime law enforcement agency responsible for protecting a
country's coastal borders. They conduct search and rescue operations, enforce maritime law, and
prevent illegal immigration and smuggling.
5. Immigration officers: Immigration officers work for a country's immigration agency and are
responsible for processing visa applications, checking immigration documents, and enforcing
immigration laws. They may also conduct investigations into immigration-related crimes.
6. Border security forces: Some countries have specialized border security forces that are
responsible for securing their borders. These forces may be military or paramilitary and may
have a broader mandate beyond just border control.

TRANSPORT POLICE
Transport police, also known as transit police, are a type of law enforcement agency responsible
for ensuring the safety and security of passengers and employees on public transportation systems, such
as buses, trains, and subways. Transport police officers work closely with other law enforcement
agencies, transportation companies, and the public to maintain a safe and secure transportation system.
Their duties include maintaining order, preventing crime, and responding to emergencies on public
transportation systems.
The specific duties of transport police vary depending on the country and the transportation system they
are responsible for. Some common duties of transport police include:
1. Ensuring public safety: Transport police work to ensure the safety of passengers and employees
on public transportation systems. They may patrol stations, platforms, and trains to prevent crime
and maintain order.
2. Responding to emergencies: Transport police are often the first responders to emergencies on
public transportation systems, such as accidents, medical emergencies, or security incidents.
3. Enforcing laws and regulations: Transport police enforce laws and regulations related to public
transportation, such as fare evasion, illegal parking, or smoking.
4. Providing customer service: Transport police may assist passengers with directions, provide
information about schedules or routes, or help individuals with disabilities.
5. Investigating criminal activity: Transit police officers investigate criminal activity that occurs
on or near public transportation systems. This includes conducting interviews, gathering
evidence, and working with other law enforcement agencies to solve crimes.

Transport police are found in many countries around the world, including the United States,
Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Japan. In some cases, transport police may work in
collaboration with other law enforcement agencies, such as local police or transit authorities, to maintain
safety and security on public transportation systems.

Types of transport police: (depending on the mode of transportation they operate in)
1. Airport police: These are law enforcement officers who work at airports to ensure the safety and
security of passengers, staff, and property. They are responsible for checking passengers and
their luggage, enforcing airport regulations, and responding to incidents such as security
breaches or emergencies.
2. Transit police: Transit police are responsible for ensuring the safety and security of passengers
on public transportation systems such as buses, trains, and subways. They may check tickets,
monitor security cameras, and respond to incidents such as assaults, thefts, or disturbances.
 3. Railroad police: Railroad police are responsible for maintaining safety and security on railroads
and trains. They are responsible for protecting passengers, cargo, and equipment from theft,
sabotage, and other criminal activity. They also enforce railroad regulations and investigate
accidents and incidents.
4. Port police: Port police are responsible for maintaining safety and security in ports and harbors.
They are responsible for inspecting cargo, ensuring compliance with regulations, and responding
to incidents such as accidents or security breaches.
5. Highway patrol: Highway patrol officers are responsible for enforcing traffic laws and
maintaining safety on highways and roads. They may also respond to incidents such as accidents,
fires, or criminal activity.
6. Investigating criminal activity: Transit police officers investigate criminal activity that occurs on
or near public transportation systems. This includes conducting interviews, gathering evidence,
and working with other law enforcement agencies to solve crimes.

Skills necessary for any types of police in the world

1. Communication skills: Police officers must be able to communicate effectively with people
from a variety of backgrounds and cultures. They need to be able to listen actively, speak clearly,
and write effectively. Good communication skills are essential for building trust and resolving
conflicts.
2. Problem-solving skills: Police officers must be able to analyze situations quickly and make
sound decisions based on the available information. They must be able to think creatively and
come up with innovative solutions to complex problems.
3. Critical thinking skills: Police officers must be able to evaluate evidence and make judgments
based on logical reasoning. They must be able to identify patterns and make connections
between seemingly unrelated events.
4. Physical fitness: Police officers must be in good physical shape to handle the physical demands
of the job. They need to be able to run, climb, and lift heavy objects.
5. Emotional intelligence: Police officers must be able to manage their own emotions and
understand the emotions of others. They need to be able to empathize with people and de-
escalate potentially volatile situations.
6. Cultural competence: Police officers must be able to work effectively with people from diverse
backgrounds. They need to be aware of their own biases and be able to adapt their
communication style to be culturally appropriate.
7. Ethical behavior: Police officers must uphold high standards of ethical behavior. They must be
honest, fair, and respectful in all their interactions with the public.