Chapter 2

POLICE OPERATION
AND PROCEDURE
 Learning Objectives
After the completion of this chapter, the students would be able to:
1. To recognize the power and function of the police
2. To Elucidate the different Operational Unit of the PNP
3. To recognizes the functions of Public Safety Operation
4. To identify the different operation of the Law Enforcement
5. To distinguish the Internal Security Operation
6. To illuminate Special Police operation
7. To discuss the Investigative operation
8. To determine the different definitions of term e.g. Law Enforcement, operation, law
enforcement operation, entrapment operation, Raid, Hot pursuit operation, dragnet
operation etc.
9. To recognize the role and function of the law enforcement.
 There are various natures of crime incidents
happened; the police operations must be diverse and
flexible in order to cope up with situation. Police
must be able to react to any eventualities ranging
from an ordinary threat, threat of explosives up to
the absconding suspect. During these operations,
officers require a tools and training so as cane be
and safe as possible.
 Research and development on new
technologies that will help police operations,
whether by enlightening officer safety,
facilitating and simplifying data sharing, or
improving surveillance. It also funds the
evaluation of existing programs and
technologies.
 Police is the
primary law
enforcement body of
the state. The basic
police mission is to
serve and protect the
people by enforcing
rules of conduct or laws.
 Law Enforcement is any system by
which some members of society act in an
organized manner to enforce the law by
discovering, deterring, rehabilitating or
punishing people who violate the rules and
norms governing that society. It is most
frequently applied to those who directly
engage in patrols or surveillance to
dissuade and discover criminal activity, and
those who investigate crimes and
apprehend offenders. Law enforcement is
the task typically carried out by the police,
sheriff or another law enforcement
organization.
 OPERATION
0 Operation is the performance
1 of a practical work or of something
0 involving the practical application of
principles or processes practice until
2 you can go through the whole
operation without hesitation or
thinking (Marriam-Webster). It is the
series of functions and tasks that are
0 0
involved in a single process. (Business
3 4 Dictionary)
THE ROLE OF THE POLICE
Prevention of crime and suppression
1 of criminal activities

2 Preservation of peace and order

3 Protection of life and property

4 Enforcement of laws and ordinances

THE ROLE OF THE POLICE

5 Regulation of non-criminal conduct

6 Investigation of crimes

7 Apprehension of criminals

Safeguarding of citizens' rights and

8 public morals
 The Golden Rules of Law Enforcement
(The 10 Commandments for Police Officers)
In the performance of duty, thou
1 shall be guided by:
Complete submission to the decrees
1st of God;

2nd The Constitution;

3rd All existing laws; and

The public welfare with ultimate reason to

4th secure, defeat and protect life, liberty,
honor, dignity and property.
 The Golden Rules of Law Enforcement
(The 10 Commandments for Police Officers)

2 Thou shall not enforce a law by violating another law.

Thou shall uphold the law without fear, favor,

3 reservation indiscretion.

Thou shall not wrongfully or maliciously accuse anyone, be

4 an instrument to any wrongdoing, nor violate human
rights.
 The Golden Rules of Law Enforcement
(The 10 Commandments for Police Officers)
Thou shall defend the weak, shield the helpless, protect

5 the oppressed, and assist the aggrieved without

distinction prejudice, and be it a fate to die in line of duty
with honor, valor and dignity.

Thou shall not employ excessive, unnecessary and

6 unreasonable force to prevent, repel or suppress an act
or omission punishable by law

Thou shall be gallant in defeat, humble in victory, yield

7 honorable to righteousness and immediately acknowledge
and correct wrong humiliation or perversity.
 The Golden Rules of Law Enforcement
(The 10 Commandments for Police Officers)
Thou shall not disgrace the badge and uniform, nor
8 commit an act or omission in violation of law for material
gains or ulterior motives.

Thou shall always live a modest life as true, honest and

9 dedicate public servant.

Thou shall always cherish, honor and speak well of the

10 organization and abide by the code, the corps and the unit
at all times.
POWER AND FUNCTIONS OF
THE PNP
● 1. Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the
protection of lives and properties;

● 2. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary

steps to ensure public safety;

● 3. Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest

of the criminal offender, bring offender to justice
and assist in their prosecution:
●

● 4. Exercise the general powers to make arrest,

search, and seizures in accordance with
Constitution and pertinent laws;
5. Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is
prescribed by law, informing the arrested person of his
constitutional rights under the law;

6. Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in

accordance with the law;

7. Supervise and control the training and operations of security

agencies, and to security guards and private detective for the
practice of their professions; and

8. Perform such duties and exercise all other functions as may be

provided by law.
OPERATIONAL SUPPORT UNITS OF
THE PNP
1. Maritime Group (MG)
This group is responsible to perform all
police functions over Philippine Territorial waters.

2. Intelligence Group (IG).

This group serves as the intelligence and counter-
intelligence operating unit of the PNP.
3. Police Security and Protection Group
(PSPG)
This group provides security to
government.
4. Criminal Investigation and Detection Group
(CIDG)
This group monitors, investigates,
prosecutes all crimes involving economic
sabotage, and other crimes of such
magnitude and extent as to indicate their
commission by highly placed o professional
criminal syndicates and organizations.
5. Special Action Force (SAF)
This group is a mobile strike force o a reaction unit to augment
regional, provincial, municipal and city police force.
6. Aviation Security Group (AVEGROUP)
This group provides security to all airports throughout the country.
7. Highway Patrol Group (HPG)
This group enforces the traffic laws and
regulations, promote safety along the highways
enhances traffic safety consciousness through
inter- agency cooperation concerning Police
Traffic Safety Engineering, Traffic Safety
Education and Traffic Law enforcement
functions.
8. Police-Community Relations Group (PCRG)
This group undertakes and orchestrates Police Community
Relations program and activities.
9. Civil Security Group (CSG)
This group regulates business operations and activities of all
organized private detectives, watchmen, security guards/agencies
and company guard forces.
 10. Crime Laboratory (CL)
This group provides scientific and
technical, investigative aide and support
to the PNP and other investigative
agencies.
11. PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG)
This Group serves as the primary unit of the PNP in addressing
kidnapping menace in the country and in handling hostage
situations. And

12. PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP-ACG)

This Group is responsible for the implementation of pertinent
laws on cybercrimes and anti-cybercrime campaigns of the PNP.
CATEGORIES OF
POLICE OPERATIONS
1. Public Safety Operation - includes Search, Rescue and Retrieval
Operations, Fire Drills, Earthquake Drills and similar operations that
promote public safety.

2. Law Enforcement Operation - includes Service of Warrant of Arrest,

Implementation of Search Warrant, Enforcement of Visitorial Powers
of the Chief, Philippine National Police and Unit Commanders, Anti-
Illegal Drugs Operation, Anti-Illegal Gambling Operations, Anti-
Illegal Logging Operations, Anti-Illegal Fishing Operations, Anti-
Carnapping Operations, Anti-Kidnapping Operations, Anti-Cyber
Crime Operations and similar operations that are conducted to
enforce laws, statutes, executive orders an ordinances.
3. Internal Security Operation - includes Counter-Insurgency
Operations, Counter Terrorist Operations and similar operation that
are conducted to ensure internal security.

4. Special Police Operation - includes Checkpoint Operation Roadblock

Operation, Civil Disturbance Management Operation Police
Assistance in the Enforcement of Demolition Eviction Injunction and
Similar Orders, Police Assistance in the Implementation of Final
Court Order and Order from Quasi-Judicial Bodies, Hostage
Situation, Visit Board Search and Seizure Onboard Marine Vessels
and similar police operations that are conducted by police units
with specialized training on the peculiarity of the mission or
purpose.
5. Intelligence Operation includes Surveillance Operation -
Counterintelligence, Intelligence Research, Intelligence
Assessment and similar police intelligence operation conducted
to gather information related to security, public safety and
order.

6. Investigation Operation - is an operation conducted by the

investigator on the field that investigate crime or incident
administrative investigation and similar investigative work
necessary to determine facts and circumstances for filing cases
criminally or administratively.
 7. Scene of the Crime
0
Operation (SOCO) - includes
1 the processing of crime scene,
0 technical and forensic
2 examination of evidence and
similar scientific investigative
assistance. (Rule 3, Revised
0 0 PNP Operational Procedure
2013)
3 4
 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
The mental blueprint must be ready and prepared
already prior arrival at the crime scene by the police for
whatever incident of situation either it is a hostage-rescue
or labor lockout. Effective execution of the operation can be
attributed to a habitual mental rehearsal of the necessary
actions and operations.
 INTER-UNIT COORDINATION
Team leaders of local police units operating outside their area of
responsibility and national support units shall coordinate personally or an
official representative with the concerned territorial police office where
the operation will be conducted by using the standard coordination form
before the execution of the operation, except in hot pursuit scenario
where the inter-unit coordination through the written form cannot be
made due to the nature and urgency of the situation.
 REQUIREMENTS OF INTERVENTION
OPERATIONS
Generally, all police intervention operations like checkpoint, Civil Disturbance
Management, patrolling, police visibility and the likes, shall be conducted in the
following manner:

1 With a marked police vehicle;

2 Preferably led by a Police Commissioned Officer; and

3 Personnel in proper uniform.

 WARNING BY USE OF
MEGAPHONES
During actual police intervention operations, if
possible, the team leader shall use all peaceful means
including the use of megaphone or any other similar
means, to influence or give warning to the offender or
suspects to stop him and peacefully give up. The police
shall use warning shots during any police intervention.
 USE OF DEADLY AND REASONABLE
FORCE
The unwarranted use of power shall be circumvented. The usage of
firearm is justifiable only on the situation whereby virtue of the Doctrine of Self
Defense, Defense of Relative, Defense of Stranger, and if the police have
apparent reason to believe that the suspect major cause an imminent danger of
death or serious physical injury to the police or other persons.
In the course of armed confrontation or encounter, the police may use
reasonable force to upset the threat posed by the suspect However, the Officer-
In-Charge or the team leader of the operation shall at all times exercise contro
over his operating team or operatives in the area, and intend to safeguard the
safety of the innocent civilian who might be a victim or caught in the crossfire.
 DISABLING A MOVING VEHICLES
The tire of the moving vehicles may be fired to
disable them. The driver or other occupant of a moving
motor vehicle may also be fired upon if the police had
probable cause to believe that the suspects post an
imminent danger of death to the police or other persons, as
long as the use of firearm does not create a danger to the
public that offsets the likely benefits of its use.
DO’S AFTER ON ARMED CONFRONTATION
Immediately after an armed confrontation, the officer-in-charge or the team
leader shall observe the following:

1 Secure the site of confrontation;

Check whether the situation still poses imminent

2 danger;

3 Evacuate the wounded to the nearest hospital; and

4 Account for the killed, wounded and arrested suspects

for proper disposition.
 JURISDICTIONAL INVESTIGATION

The police units which have territorial jurisdiction of the area

of the armed confrontation, together with the SOCO Team, if any,
shall immediately undertake the technical aspect of investigation and
processing of the scene of the encounter.

In cases where there is a killed suspect, it shall submit the

incident for inquest before the duty inquest prosecutor prior to the
removal of the body from the scene, except in areas where there are
no Inquest Prosecutors. In which case, the police can proceed with
the investigation.
 PUBLIC SAFETY OPERATION

Public Safety Operation is the kind of

operation that involves the safety of the
public. The operation comprises of Search,
Rescue, Retrieval Operation, Fire Drills in case
of natural calamity e.g. typhoon, flood,
earthquake, and other similar operation.
 SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATION

Search and Rescue (SAR) is an

operation mounted by emergency services,
often well-trained volunteers, to find
someone believed to be in distress, lost, sick
or injured either in a remote or difficult to
access area, such as mountains, desert or
forest, or at sea.
 Retrieval Operation and Fire Drill

Retrieval Operation is the act or

process of retrieving people who are in
dire need for police, medical assistance he
suffered during calamities. Fire drill is a
practice of the emergency procedures to
be used in case of fire.
 SAFETY TRAINING AND AWARENESS
1. Training d. First Aid

a. Safety induction e. Hazardous waste

management

b. Mock Drill f. Work permit system

g.
Implementation of
c. Fire Fighting OSHA
2. Awareness

a. Celebration of safety week

b. Slogan and poster presentation competition

Display of safety instruction in prominent

c. location

d. Safety audit

Note: The best safety device is a careful worker, get the safety habit.
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
OPERATIONS
1. Execution of Warrant of Arrest

Once the arrest warrant is granted

by a judge in a court of law, the local law
enforcement officials are legally allowed to
arrest the person of interest name on the
warrant wherever they find that person. This
means that the person can be arrested at
their place of work, at their residence, after
they are pulled over on the road or
anywhere else in public.
 ENTRAPMENT OPERATION AND RAID
Entrapment operation - These are ways and means resorted for the
purpose of trapping and arresting the law violator during the actual
conduct or the execution of a criminal act. A typical entrapment
scenario arises when law enforcement officers use coercion and other
overbearing tactics to induce someone to commit a crime.

Raid - The sudden invasion or temporary seize of a building place or

area as a result of an operation in order to secured information, confuse
an adversary, capture personnel of equipment, or to destroy a
capability. It ends with a planned extraction after the completion of the
assigned mission.
2. Implementation of Search Warrant

After the application of

Search Warrant is granted, the police
can implement the said Search
Warrant with in ten (10) from the
date of issue, thereafter, it should
return to the issuing court.
3. Enforcement of Visitorial Power of the Chief of Police or
Unit Commander
It shall be the duty of the store
owner, president, manager or responsible
officer-in-charge of any firm, establishment
or other entity or of an individual having in
his premises second-hand articles to be sold
or offered for sale to the public to allow and
permit the Station Commander or his
authorized representative to exercise
visitorial powers during office or business
hour.
4. Anti-Illegal Drug Operation

Covers the intelligence or case

build-up and/or negation operation for the
arrest of violator/s and suppression, seizure
or confiscation of dangerous drugs, plant
sources of dangerous drugs, and controlled
precursors and essential chemicals of the
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
(PDEA).
5. Anti-Illegal Gambling Operation

It is an operation against
illegal gambling punishable by
law. Said gambling includes
jueteng, illegal cockfighting,
Majong, tong its, Cara y Cruz,
etc.
6. Anti-Illegal Logging Operation

This pertains to the operation of

illegal logging means 'the harvesting of
timber in contravention of the laws of the
country where the timber is harvested'. This
includes a wide range of illegal activities,
such as: logging of protected species.,
logging with fake or illegal permits or using
illegal harvest methods.
7. Anti-Illegal Fishing Operation

This pertains to the Illegal fishing

activity usually means without a license, in
an area where fishing is banned, with
prohibited gear, over a quota, or for
protected species. Very often it's a vessel
entering a nation's water with no fishing
license, or fishing with a license but
catching more than is allowed.
8. Anti-Carnapping Operation

This kind of operation initiated by

personnel of station anti-carnapping unit. It
involves motor vehicle taken by the suspect
using force violence or intimidation with
intent to gain and without consent of the
owner.
9. Anti-Kidnapping Operation

This kind of operation prevent

of countering kidnapping to
happened. Thwart anybody attempts
to abduct individual and held in
captivity and depriving the liberty.
10. Anti-Cyber Crime Operation

Pertains to the operation against

the illegal activity of the criminal using a
computer, a compute network or a
networked device. Cyber operatives often
targe cyber criminals or hackers who
commit criminal act in cyber space.
Cybercrime is carried out by an individuals
or organizations.
11. Other kinds of Operation

Needs to enforce the laws of the

land, execute orders and all the city and
barangay ordinances implementation of the
Barangay and City such as Anti No Smoking,
Half Naked, Drinking in Public Places,
Curfew of Minors.
 INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATION

Internal Security Operation involves in the act of keeping

peace within the borders of a sovereign state, commonly by
upholding the national law and defending against internal
security threats. This operation includes:
 1. Counter Insurgency Operation

It is an operation that contain many different

aspects: military, paramilitary, political, economic
psychological, and civic actions taken to defeat and
conquest insurgency. Insurgents exploit on communal
complications, often called gaps; counter-insurgency
addresses: closing the gaps.
 2. Counter Terrorist Operation

Counter Terrorist Operation and other related

operation initiated purposely to ensure internal security - a
UN panel described terrorism on March 17, 2005 as any act
"intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians
or non-combatant with the purpose of intimidating a
population or compelling a government or an international
organization to do or abstain from doing any act."
Active Role of the Police in
Internal Security Operations

The police are mandated

by law to support the military in
internal security operations
(ISO). However, the police shall
play an active role in places
where there are no military
troops available, or when the
President so desires.
1. The Police in Support Role
a. Conduct sustained law enforcement actions against dissident
terrorists' atrocities.
b. Collect intelligence information on dissident terrorists" activities.
c. Conduct limited internal security operations, of a defensive
nature, to flush dissident terrorists' out of urban areas. At all times,
the police units concerned shall coordinate with the military units in
the area at the first opportunity.
d. Conduct investigation and prosecution of internal security
operations-related cases.
2. The Police in Active Role
a. Conduct search and destroy operations against
dissident terrorists' strongholds and concentrations.

b. Conduct intelligence operations to neutralize guerilla

safe houses in urban places.

C. Conduct civil-military operations to dismantle the

political machinery of the CPP/NPA in the area.
 POLICE DEFENSIVE POSITION
1. Police stations, especially those located in far-flung areas, are the
possible targets of attacks. As such, security measures against
dissident terrorists' atrocities must be undertaken as follows:
a. Constantly remind all personnel to be extra careful and
security conscious in their day-to-day activities and during troop
movements.
b. Vigorously implements added security measures in all
police stations and police community precincts, particularly those
situated in far-flung or isolated places which are vulnerable the
surprise attacks, raids or harassment by dissident terrorists.
 POLICE DEFENSIVE POSITION
2. Conduct continuous checks and inspections of the operations
readiness of the field units/stations.

3. Always keep in mind the modus operandi, strategies and tactics are
being practiced and/or employed by the dissident terrorists.

4. Refrain from injecting or deploying personnel/unit in insurgent

affected areas without first conducting a thorough and sincere threat
analysis or evaluation, including social background of the area/s.
 POLICE DEFENSIVE POSITION
5. Re-train or re-orient personnel on back-to-basics" training of
combat patrols, military/police intelligence, police-community
relations and the like.

6. Intensify intelligence-gathering and counter-intelligence operations

to monitor or detect enemy plans and activities.

7. Intensify the conduct of covert and/or overt operations against

dissident terrorists who are acting as ordinary criminals/bandit and
extortionists.
 POLICE DEFENSIVE POSITION
8. Enhance the establishment of advance security control points to
control the ingress and egress of people in the police stations.

9. Exercise continuous vigilance in the maintenance of law and order,

and public safety in respective area of responsibility through the
conduct of intensified police visibility patrols.
 SPECIAL POLICE OPERATION
The operation conducted by the police units with
special training on the specific mission and objectives. Said
operation consists of Checkpoint, Civil Disturbance
Management, Police Assistance in the Enforcement of
Demolition Eviction, Injunction and other related lawful
orders, Police Assistance in the Implementation of Final
Court Order and other order from Quasi-Judicial Bodies,
Hostage Situation, Visit Board Search and Seizure on board
Marine Vessel and other similar police operation.
 1. Checkpoint
Police checkpoints are meant to maintain public
safety through spot checks that deter criminals on the
streets. It is composed of 8-man team led by officer
with signage and mobile patrol. It is located in lighted
area. The PNP checkpoints establish in random
location to ensure the safety of the community and as
part of anti-criminality and crime prevention
strategies.
 Hasty Checkpoint
An immediate response to block the
escape of lawless elements from a crime scene,
and is also established when nearby
checkpoints are ignored or during hot pursuit
operations.
 Authority to Establish Checkpoints
The following are the requirements and parameters in the
establishment of checkpoints.
a. Authorized marked mobile car shall be used in establishing
checkpoints and shall be place at the location in conjunction with
ongoing operations.

b. Checkpoints may be established as part of anti-criminality

operation and or when there is a need to arrest a criminal or
fugitive from justice.
 Authority to Establish Checkpoints
c. The conduct of searches, seizures, and arrest in checkpoints shall
be done with proper courtesy, civility and with due respect to
innocent by-passers, commuters, passenger or bystanders.

d. The place or location area where the checkpoints shall be put up

must be properly illuminated, decipherable and clear signs shall be
displayed to indicate that searches are being conducted.

e. Police personnel assigned in the checkpoints shall be in proper

uniform at all times with their identification cards and nameplates
on.
 Authority to Establish Checkpoints

f. Checkpoint personnel shall not mulct, extort, or hara drivers,

passengers, traders, etc.

g. Personnel manning checkpoints shall always be led by an officer

with the rank of at least Police Lieutenant.
 Limitations of Searchers at Checkpoints
The searches conducted at the checkpoint and chokepoint
shall be restricted to visual search only and neither the vehicle nor
the occupants shall be subjected to physical search.

An extensive search may be permitted only if the officer is

conducting the search have probable cause to believe that they
would obtain evidence relevant to the commission of a crime in
the vehicle to be searched and there is no enough time to secure a
valid search warrant.
 Role of the Peace-Keeping Detail
The peace-keeping detail shall not be stationed in the
actual picket-line, instead the team should place themselves
outside 50-meter radius from the picket line. They should be
visible in the sense that their presence may have impact on both
sides to discourage the commission of criminal acts or any
untoward incident from either side.

In cases where in the 50-meter radius includes a public

thoroughfare, they may station themselves in the main highway to
insure both crime prevention and the free flow of traffic.
 Hot Pursuit Operation and Dragnet Operation
Hot Pursuit Operation
Involves immediate chase or follow up of the suspect
without time interval in order to arrest this suspect and bring into
police custody.
Dragnet Operation
The operation purposely to seal-off the probable exit
points of fleeing suspects from the crime scene to prevent their
escape. Any system of coordinated measures for apprehending
criminals or suspects; including road barricades and traffic stops.
 2. Civil Disturbance Management

This pertains with the tactics that the law

enforcement and military personnel use when dealing
with unrest in the community are collectively referred to
as civil disturbance operations. This includes emergency
services, riots, rallies and the likes.
 Civil Disturbance Management Operations
The police units tasked to maintain peace and order shall
not interfere with the holding of public assembly provided that
there is a permit for that purpose issued by the concerned Local
Government Unit (LGU).

To ensure public safety and security, a Civil Disturbance

Management (CDM) contingent under the command of Police
Commissioned Officer (PCO) with the rank of Police Captain or
higher shall be detailed and stationed at least 100 meters away
from the location where the public assembly is being held.
 Civil Disturbance Management Operations
In the absence of any permit from LGU concerned, the
PCO in command should employ all effort to persuade and
encourage the protesters to disperse peacefully and vacate the
public place.

In case of lightning rallies or demonstrations, orderly

dispersal should only be resorted to, including the apprehension of
those responsible, thus, in case of resistance after extensive
negotiation for voluntary dispersal has failed.
 Specific Guidelines
The following are the specific guidelines to wit:

a. When the assistance is demanded by the leaders or organizers, it

shall be imperative for the members of the CDM contingent, to
accomplish their duties, at all times be wary that their responsibility
is to provide proper fortification to those exercising their right to
assemble peacefully and their freedom of expression are
primordial. Toward this end, the members of the CDM contingent
who deal and face with the demonstrators shall be in complete
uniform with the nameplates and their unit they belong being
display prominently on the front and dorsal parts of their uniform.
 Specific Guidelines
b. The members of the CDM contingent shall not carry any kind of
firearms but may be equipped with baton or riot stick crash
helmets with visor, gas masks, boots or ankle high shoes with shin
guards.

c. Tear gas, smoke grenades, water cannons, or any similar ant riot
devices shall not be used unless the public assembly presided by
actual violence or serious threats of violence, deliberate
destructions of property.
 Dispersal of Public Assembly with Permit

No public assembly with permit shall be dispersed. However, if in

case the rally becomes ferocious, the police may orderly disperse
such public assembly in the following manner:

a. At the first sign of impending violence, the Ground Commander

or the CDM contingent shall call the attention of the leaders of the
public assembly and ask the latter to prevent any possible
disturbance.
 Dispersal of Public Assembly with Permit
b. If actual violence happened to a point where rocks or other
harmful objects from the participants are thrown at the police or at
the non-participants or at any properties causing damage to such
properties, the designated officer/CDM Commanders shall audibly
warn the participants that if the disturbance persists, the public
assembly will be orderly dispersed. The CDM Commander may also
conduct a dialogue with the leader informing them of their actions
and advise them to disperse peacefully.
 Dispersal of Public Assembly with Permit

c. If the violence or disturbance prevailing as stated in

the preceding paragraph does not stop or abate, the
designated officer/commander of the contingent shall
audibly issue a warning to the participants of the public
assembly, through loud hailers or public address
system, and after allowing a reasonable period of time
to lapse, shall immediately order it to forthwith
disperse.
 Dispersal of Public Assembly with Permit
d. No arrest of any leader, organizer or participants shall be made
during the public assembly unless they violate any law, statute,
ordinance or any provision of Batas Pambansa Blg. 850 during the
assembly. Such arrest shall be governed by Article 125 of the
Revised Penal Code, as amended.

e. Isolated acts of incidents of disorders or breach of the peace

during the public assembly shall not constitute a ground for
dispersal.
 Police Assistance in the Enforcement of Demolition Police
Assistance

Refers to the peacekeeping and law enforcement

support of the PNP during the conduct of Demolitions
and/or Evictions.
 Police Assistance in the Implementation of Final Court
Order and other order from Quasi-Judicial Bodies

The procedure for the police assistance for the

implementation of final order or resolution of the court
and other quasi- judicial bodies needs the request
address office of the Chief PNP if the final decision is
coming from the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals,
Court of Tax Appeal, Sandigan Bayan, quasi-judicial and
administrative bodies.
 Police Assistance in the Implementation of Final Court
Order and other order from Quasi-Judicial Bodies
If the final decision is coming from Regional Trial Court,
Municipal Trial Court, the request for police assistance shall be
addressed to the office of the Regional Director having territorial
control on the area of execution.
If the decision is coming from quasi-judicial or
administrative bodies, the said request will be addressed to Chief
PNP regardless of the place where the police assistance rendered
or it can be delegated by the Chief PNP to Regional Director on his
discretion pursuant to Section 26 RA 6975.
 5. Hostage Situation

Refers to a person being held by one party in a

conflict as a pledge pending the fulfillment of an
agreement or a person taken by force to secure the
taker's demands or one that is involuntarily controlled
by an outside influence.
 6. Visit Board Search and Seizure on board Marine
Vessel and other similar police operation

Pertains to the visit, board, search, and seizure

(VBSS), the term used by the United States military and
law enforcement for maritime boarding actions and
tactics. VBSS teams are designed to capture enemy
vessels, combat terrorism, piracy and smuggling, and to
conduct customs, safety and other inspections.
 INTELLIGENCE OPERATION
Intelligence Operation is the discreet operation
conducted by the operatives that includes Surveillance,
Counter intelligence, Intelligence Research, Intelligence
Assessment and other related police intelligence tasks
essential to obtain relevant information in connection to
the security, public safety and order.
 INTELLIGENCE OPERATION
1. Surveillance - Is the monitoring of behavior, activities, or
information for the purpose of information gathering, influencing
managing or directing. Close observation, especially of suspected
spy or criminal. "He found himself put under surveillance by
military intelligence".
2. Counter-Intelligence It is an organized activity on the intelligence
service designed to block an enemy's sources of information, to
deceive the enemy, to prevent sabotage, and to gather political
and military information.
 INTELLIGENCE OPERATION
3. Intelligence Research - It may be distributed into two broad
spectrum activities, this is to accumulate information of encompass
knowledge, and to answer particular questions Intelligence research
suitably entails of the latter kind. Since the problems of the
intelligence community are voluminous, research and exploration
activity essentially be concentrated not only of intelligence problems
but also must be absorbed at targets highest urgency, in order to
come up and make the most efficient practice of the community's
limited and inadequate manpower and money.
 INTELLIGENCE OPERATION
Intelligence research may be assumed for
immediate, or currently use; the depth of an ambiguous
harbor, for example, must be ascertained before an
invasion, or a study of the economy of a country is called
for because it will serve as a guide for answering more
specific questions that may arise on short notice.
 INTELLIGENCE OPERATION
4. Intelligence Assessment - In psychology Intelligence
Assessment refers to the evaluation of a person's
intelligence. On the other hand, in Military Intelligence, it
is a calculation or analysis of military intelligence with
regard to a particular enemy, threat, etc.

5. Other related police intelligence tasks - This are

essential to obtain relevant information in connection to
the security, public safety and order.
 INVESTIGATION OPERATION

1. Criminal Investigation - is the collection of facts in

order to accomplish the three-fold aims: a) To identify
the guilty party; b) locate the guilty party; and c)
provide evidence of his guilt. (PNP Criminal
Investigation Manual [2010], p.1.1)
 INVESTIGATION OPERATION
The Goals of Criminal Investigation
a. to determine if a crime has been committed.
b. To legally obtain information and evidence to identify the
person/s responsible.
a. A logical sequence is followed.
b. All available physical evidence is legally obtained. C. All witnesses are
effectively interviewed.
d. All suspects are legally and effectively interrogated.
e. All leads are thoroughly developed.
f. All details of the case are accurately and completely recorded and
 INVESTIGATION OPERATION
A Successful Investigation is One Which:
a. A logical sequence is followed.
b. All available physical evidence is legally obtained. C. All witnesses
are effectively interviewed.
d. All suspects are legally and effectively interrogated.
e. All leads are thoroughly developed.
f. All details of the case are accurately and completely recorded and
reported. (Bennet & Hess, p. 9)
 Stages of Criminal Investigation
a. Apprehension Process - The apprehension process integral part of
criminal investigation and is sometime considered as the criminal
investigation itself. It proceeds this manner:
1) Crime is reported, discovered, or detected;
2) The police respond;
3) A search for the perpetrator is conducted.
4) Suspects are identified and checked out.
5) Evidence are collected to support a charge.
6) The primary suspects are finally arrested.
 Stages of Criminal Investigation
b. Preliminary Investigation - The primary objective of investigators
during the initial stage of their investigation is to identify the
perpetrators and the concentration of the investigation is directed at
the locus criminis (the place of the crime). The preliminary investigation
is the first phase the total investigation, during which the following
duties should be accomplished:

1) Establish whether a crime has been committed; arrest the

perpetrator, determine the type of crime by category, and if possible,
by specific classification.
 Stages of Criminal Investigation
2) In eyewitness cases, secure a description of the perpetrator, his or
her vehicle (if any), and direction of flight; transmit data to the
dispatcher for radio broadcasting to other police stations as an alarm.

3) Locate and interview the victim and witnesses; record stories and
takes statements, when warranted; secure and accurately record
identity, addresses, and other necessary data for future contact.
 Stages of Criminal Investigation
4) Protect the crime scene; search for and collect objects and traces
that are obviously evidence or likely to be evidence; mark evidence for
identification and protect it from change, loss, damage, or
contamination, safeguard it to protect its integrity by maintaining
control from the time the evidence is found to the moment it becomes
an exhibit in the prosecutor's case.

5) Determine how the crime was committed, the extent of personal

injuries, and the nature and value of property taken.
 Stages of Criminal Investigation
6) Record in field notes and sketches all data about the
crime, the stories of the various participants and witnesses,
the crime-scene search and evidence collected and its
disposition, measurements taken at the scene, and other
pertinent information; arrange for a photographic
summary of the crime scene and major items of evidence;
make required reports. (Weston, Criminal Investigation:
Basic Perspective [7th Edition], pp. 17-18)
 Stages of Criminal Investigation
C. Follow-up Investigation - This encompasses the identification and
apprehension of perpetrators. At this stage, there is already full
development of the case. The identity of the offender has been
relatively established; thus, the focus of the investigating officer is to
trace and locate the suspect for eventual arrest.
d. Reconstructing the Crime Scene - It is the assessment made by the
investigator after the crime scene investigation, of how the crime is
committed. Reconstruction (of crime) is a part of the incident report, a
narration of the probable manner in which the crime was committed,
based on interviews, evidence, and examination of the scene.
 Stages of Criminal Investigation
e. Concluding Investigation - This serves as the stage of
evaluation of collected evidence for presentation at the
court. It starts a short period before the preparation for
prosecution of the criminal case. It will end if the case is
finally concluded, suspended, or dismissed by the court.
 INVESTIGATION OPERATION
2. Administrative Investigation - It is an investigation,
ordered to the Chief of Police, to determine the facts
concerning personnel conduct in connection with alleged
violation of established law rules, regulations, or
procedures. Administrative Investigation initiated police
personnel assigned in Disciplinary Law and Order Section
to determine whether or not there is a probable cause of
the violation and eventually assigned Summary Hearing
Officer to resolve the issue.
Government Entity/Organization that has jurisdiction and control
over the administrative complaint against the erring police officer
such as:

a. National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) - There are two main

functions of NAPOLCOM. Identified as follows; (1) administer and
control the police force, and (2) handle investigations
irregularities to include the punishment of dismissal of erring
police officers. Entrance and promotional exams seem to be a
main focus of the body.
The NAPOLCOM provides this mandate that:

The NAPOLCOM is the agency mandated by the 1987 Constitution

and the Major Police Reform Laws Republic Act Nos. 6975 and 8551
to administer and control the Philippine National Police. Under R.A.
8551 otherwise known as the "PNP Reform and Organization Act of
1998" the Commission's authority over the PNP were strengthened
and expanded to include administration of police entrance
examinations, they conduct of pre-charge investigation of police
anomalies and irregularities, and summary dismissal of erring police
officers.
The DILG Secretary is the head and chairs of the Commission. This was
recognized to place PNP units directly with their local governments
while holding on to their national charter. The Executive Branch of
government provides the operating mandate of the PNP and its daily
work supervision. The Chief of Police is a powerful intermediary
position between the "troops" and the President.

b. Internal Affair Service (IAS) - The IAS is a part of the PNP

organization but attribute independent and autonomous unit which
empower and authorizes it to act on matters within its jurisdiction
without delay nor having to wait for instructions from the Chief, PNP.
 Pursuant to Section 39, Republic Act 8551 such
powers includes:
1) Pro-actively conduct inspection and audit of PNP personnel and
units meaning conduct of automatic investigation or motu propio.

2) Investigate complaints against erring PNP personnel and obtain

evidence in support of an open investigation.

3) Conduct summary hearings on PNP members facing administrative

charges.
 Pursuant to Section 39, Republic Act 8551 such
powers includes:
4) Submit a periodic report on the assessment, analysis and evaluation
of the character and behavior of personnel and units to the Chief PNP
and the Commission.

5) File appropriate criminal cases against PNP members before the

court as evidence warrants and assist in the prosecution of the case,

6) Provide assistance to the Office of the Ombudsman in cases

involving the personnel of the PNP.
 Cases where IAS Automatically Conducts Motu-
propio Investigation:

1) Incidents where police personnel discharge a firearm;

2) Incidents where death, serious physical injury or any

violation of human rights occurred in the conduct of
police operation;
 Cases where IAS Automatically Conducts Motu-
propio Investigation:

3) Where evidence was compromised, tampered with obliterated or

lost while in the custody of police personnel: Incidents where a
suspect in the custody of the police was seriously injured; and
Incidents where to established rules of engagement have been
violated.

4) Furthermore, the IAS shall provide documents recommendations in

connection with the promotion and assignment of PNP personnel.
C. People's Law Enforcement Board (PLEB) - The composition of PLEB is
composed of any member of Sangunihang Panlungsod or Bayan
chosen by his sangunian. Barangay Chairman chosen by Liga ng mga
barangay and three (3) other members who are removable only for a
caution by the local Peace and order council from among the
respective members of community known for their probity and
integrity, one of them must be a woman, others member of the bar or
a college graduate or principal of the locality based on Section 3 of
Memorandum Circular No 2002-010 Revised Rules of Procedure.
 Functions, Powers and Duties

Based on Memorandum Circular No. 2002-010 Revise

Rules of Procedure in the hearing and adjudication of
citizen complaints against uniformed members of the PNP
before the PLEB specifically in Rule II Section 2 states the
function Power and duties of the PLEB to wit:
 Functions, Powers and Duties
1) The PLEB shall have the power to hear and adjudicate a citizen’s
complaints formally filed with, or referred to against any uniformed
member of the PNP and warranted, imposed the corresponding
penalty.

2) In the exercise of its functions, the PLEB, acting through its

chairman is empowered to administer oaths, summon witnesses,
require the production of documents, records books or other things
by a subpoena duces tecum and issue other processes as may be
necessary.
 SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)

Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) is a forensic procedure

performed by trained personnel of the PNP Crime Laboratory through
scientific methods of investigation for the purpose of preserving the
crime scene, gathering information, documentation, collection and
handling of all physical evidence. SOCO is also defined as the conduct
of processes, more particularly the recognition, search, preservation,
documentation, collection, packaging and handling of physical
evidence.
 SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)

The SOCO's Mission is to provide forensic expertise

to criminal investigation by preserving, securing, and if
need be, by scientifically reconstructing the crime scene
for the collection, documentation, and forensic
examination of all collected physical evidence with the end
in view of establishing fact/s relative to a criminal incident.
(Circular No. 01-06-Scene of Crime Operation Manual)
 SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)

Who are Responsible for Crime Scene Investigation?

The crime scene investigation starts from the arrival of the

First Responders (FRs) to the arrival of the Duty
Investigator/Investigator On-Case (IOC) and the SOCO Team until the
lifting of the security cordon and release of the crime scene. (SOP No.
ODIDM-2011-008 "Conduct of Crime Scene Investigation)
 SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)

1. First Responder - the police officer, fire fighters, and/or

emergency medical personnel who is dispatched or arrives
at the potential crime scene first. Typically, the first
responder is the patrol officer who responds to the initial
complaint. His or her duty is to secure the scene and not
to touch anything. The officer begins the initial stages of
documentation through the securing and preservation of
the physical evidence.
 SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)
2. Investigator/Investigator-On-Case - Criminal Investigator is a public
safety officer who is tasked to conduct the investigation of all criminal
cases as provided for and embodied under the Revised Penal Code
and Special Laws which are criminal in nature. The Criminal
Investigator is a well-trained, discipline, experienced and professional
in the field of criminal investigation duties and responsibilities.
Investigator-on-Case (IOC) is trained investigator responsible for and
in charge of the investigation of a case. They are also called case
officer or the person responsible for and in charge of the investigation
of a case (PNP Criminal Investigation Manual [2010])
 SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)

3. Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) Specialist - in case

where the crime scene needs special processing due to its
significance or because of its sensational nature, the SOCO
specialists of the Crime Laboratory of the Philippine
National Police shall be requested.
 SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)
Cases Falling Under the SOCO Category
a. Murder
b. Homicide
c. Rape with homicide
d. Arson
e. Robbery with homicide
f. Other heinous/sensational cases as directed by higher headquarters
and other cases where SOCO assistance necessary.
 SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)
SOCO Assistance for Significant and Sensational Cases
a. Significant cases:
1) Bombing incident 5) Armed Robbery of banks and
2) Initiated terrorist activities other financial institution

3) Raid, ambuscade, liquidation 6) Calamity/Disaster

4) Kidnap for Ransom (KFR) case 7) Massacre

8) Heinous crimes
 SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)
SOCO Assistance for Significant and Sensational Cases
b. Sensational cases:
1) Elected public officials (Barangay captain up to the President of the
Republic of the Philippines)
2) Appointed public officials with the rank of commissioner, secretary
and undersecretary
3) Foreign diplomat
4) Any foreigner
 SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)
SOCO Assistance for Significant and Sensational Cases
b. Sensational cases:
5) Philippine National Police/Armed Forces of the Philippines
personnel
6) Former high-ranking government officials
7) Other prominent figures such as movie star, sport stars, tri media
practitioners, prominent businessmen, professionals, and other
prominent leaders of religious organizations. (Sec. 2.2.8, PNP Criminal
Investigation Manual 2010)
STUDENT ACTIVITY AND REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What are different City Ordinances currently

implementing by the Police Muntinlupa personnel in
Muntinlupa City as part of their operation in connection
with COVID 19 Pandemic? Give detail and Situation?
 THANK
YOU
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