Slides - 01-03 - Gastrulation and Trilaminar Embryo

Gastrulation and Trilaminar Embryo
From Zygote to Trilaminar Embryo
With Peter Ward, Ph.D.
Sebastian Rua, epcvjsz904@qemail.org

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Gastrulation and Trilaminar Embryo
The process of gastrulation begins with the bilaminar embryo. The epiblast involutes
and creates the trilaminar embryo.
• Epiblast subdivides into ectoderm, endoderm and

mesoderm
• Set of three different germ cells that differentiate

into specific and distinct tissues and not others

Formation of the Primitive Streak
• Bilaminar embryo becomes Connecting stalk

Primitive streak
prechordal plate, where the
mouth will form Primitive node
Cut edge of
• On the opposite side of the amnion
disc, epiblast cells collapse
Prechordal plate
inward to create the
primitive streak.
Ectoderm
• The tip of the primitive
streak is known as the Endoderm
primitive pit, surrounded by Yolk sac
the primitive node.
Barry Mitchell Sebastian

& Ram Sharma, Embryology, 2nd Edition, 2009, p. 4, Fig. 1.7, Churchill Livingstone (Elsevier)
Rua, epcvjsz904@qemail.org
Migration through the Primitive Streak
Cloacal
membrane
Primitive streak
Notochord
Oropharyngeal
membrane
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Migration through the Primitive Streak
• Cells from the epiblast involute through the primitive streak and pit to fill the space
between the epiblast and hypoblast. This middle layer is the mesoderm.
• Migrating epiblast cells also replace the hypoblast with a germ layer called the
endoderm; epiblast layer remains but changes name to become the ectoderm
• Epiblast cells that move through the primitive pit and migrate straight toward the
prechordal plate will become the notochordal process.
• Notochord cells cannot extend past the prechordal plate as the ectoderm and endoderm
there are firmly adherent to each other. This area is now called the oropharyngeal
membrane.
• A similar area on the other side of the primitive streak is the cloacal membrane.

Notochord
Neural plate
Primitive pit
Primitive streak
Intraembryonic mesoderm
Notochordial canal
Notochordial process
Prechordial plate
Migrating from the epiblast, the notochordal process extends cranially towards the
prechordal plate, a hollow notochordal canal is located within.
Keith L. MooreSebastian
& T.V.N. Persaud & Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human, 10th Edition, 2016, p. 56, Fig. 4-7, Elsevier
Notochord
Primitive pit
Primitive streak
Allantois
Embryonic endoderm
Cloacal membrane
Notochordial canal
Notochordal process extends cranially toward the prechordal plate, a hollow notochordal
canal is located within.
& T.V.N. Persaud & Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human, 10th Edition, 2016, p. 56, Fig. 4-7, Elsevier
Gastrulation and the Trilaminar Embryo
The inferior side of the notochordal process and canal ruptures, creating a notochordal plate.
Embryonic ectoderm Neural groove

Notochordal plate Intraembryonic
intercalated in the mesoderm
embryonic endoderm
& T.V.N. Persaud & Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human, 10th Edition, 2016, p. 57, Fig. 4-8 D, Elsevier
Neural groove
Notochordal
plate infolding
& T.V.N. Persaud & Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human, 10th Edition, 2016, p. 57, Fig. 4-8 F, Elsevier
Intermediate Neural fold

mesoderm Neural groove
Lateral Paraxial mesoderm
mesoderm
Notochord Embryonic endoderm
The plate then folds together within the mesoderm to form the notochord.
& T.V.N. Persaud & Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human, 10th Edition, 2016, p. 57, Fig. 4-8 G, Elsevier
Intraembryonic Mesoderm
• Notochord forms from cells, enter the Epiblast

Mesoderm
fate is determined by their location as Endoderm
they pass through the primitive streak
• Mesoderm migrate to the cranial and

lateral to the prechordal plate to
become cardiogenic mesoderm
• Cells that enter even more caudally

become paraxial mesoderm,
intermediate mesoderm, lateral plate
mesoderm, and extraembryonic Epiblast
mesoderm Endoderm
Gary C. Schoenwolf
Sebastian& Steven B. Bleyl & Philip R. Brauer & Philippa H. Francis-West, Larsen's Human Embryology, 5th Edition, 2015, p. 67,
Fig. 3-8, Churchill Livingstone (Elsevier)
Teratomas Pathology
• Primitive streak: source of cells that can form

teratomas; cells of the primitive streak can
become any tissue so tumors contain derivatives
of all three germ cell layers; may contain High-yield
partially-formed limbs, hair, teeth, muscle, etc.
• Most common neonatal tumor; affect females

more frequently than males (4:1); mostly benign;
can be treated surgically; commonly in the
sacrococcygeal region
& T.V.N. Persaud & Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human, 10th Edition, 2016, p.55, Fig. 4-6, Elsevier
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Situs Inversus Pathology
Reversed
lobation
of the
lungs
High-yield
Liver on
Apex of the left
the heart
on right
Stomach
on the right Appendix
on the left
Bruce M. Carlson, HumanRua,

Sebastian Embryology and Developmental Biology, 5th Edition, 2014, p. 88, Fig. 5.15, Saunders (Elsevier)
epcvjsz904@qemail.org
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Situs Inversus Pathology
• Deficiencies of the cilia can manifest with problems of the respiratory and
functions.
High-yield
• Situs inversus: mirror- symmetry
• Cells of the primitive node have cilia on their surface that beat to the left and
drives a signaling molecule, nodal, towards cells that migrate through the
primitive streak. This event creates the right-left patterning of the body. If the
cilia do not work, the pattern may be normal or flipped.
Bruce M. Carlson, HumanRua,

Sebastian Embryology and Developmental Biology, 5th Edition, 2014, p. 88, Fig. 5.15, Saunders (Elsevier)
epcvjsz904@qemail.org
Caudal Dysgenesis (CD) Pathology
• CD is also known as Sacral Agenesis Syndrome. It has an

estimated incidence of 1 per 40,000 to 100,000 pregnancies.
• There is agenesis of the lumbar vertebra, sacrum, and

coccyx with hypoplastic lower limbs and anorectal and
genitourinary dysgenesis.
• The most likely etiology is abnormal posterior mesoderm

development. The condition is more common in offsprings of
diabetic mothers.

This document is a property of: Sebastian Rua
Note: This document is copyright protected. It may not be copied, reproduced, used, or
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Gastrulation and Trilaminar Embryo

From Zygote to Trilaminar Embryo

With Peter Ward, Ph.D.

Sebastian Rua, epcvjsz904@qemail.org

• Epiblast subdivides into ectoderm, endoderm and

• Set of three different germ cells that differentiate

Sebastian Rua, epcvjsz904@qemail.org

• Bilaminar embryo becomes Connecting stalk

Barry Mitchell Sebastian

Barry Mitchell Sebastian

Barry Mitchell Sebastian

Embryonic ectoderm Neural groove

Intermediate Neural fold

• Notochord forms from cells, enter the Epiblast

• Mesoderm migrate to the cranial and

• Cells that enter even more caudally

• Primitive streak: source of cells that can form

• Most common neonatal tumor; affect females

Bruce M. Carlson, HumanRua,

Bruce M. Carlson, HumanRua,

• CD is also known as Sacral Agenesis Syndrome. It has an

• There is agenesis of the lumbar vertebra, sacrum, and

• The most likely etiology is abnormal posterior mesoderm

Sebastian Rua, epcvjsz904@qemail.org

Sebastian Rua, epcvjsz904@qemail.org

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