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4.pull Workbook - Arabic - 2019 Last Update
4.pull Workbook - Arabic - 2019 Last Update
• Tools:
Replicate Profit 3. Flow
– JIT Systems
– Kanban Systems
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Objectives
• To gain an understanding of the origins of kanban systems
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Running in Reverse
Push System نظام الدفع
Instead of up stream processes pushing finished goods to down stream processes there should be a
complete reversal were down stream processes goes shopping for product and the upstream processes
only manufacture replenishments
اصبح اﻻن المرحلة تسحب من. بدﻻ من ان تدفع المرحلة اﻻولى المنتج للمرحلة التى تليها بدون طلب من المرحلة التالية
(المرحلة السابقة ماتحتاجة فقط وبالتالى كل مرحلة تنتج فقط ما تحتاجة المرحلة التى تليها )العميل
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Objectives
The kanban is a method of communication that provides pick up
Objective of
1.
and transportation information to the up stream process the Kanban
طريقة لﻼتصال لنقل معلومات الى المرحلة السابقةKanban الـ
Rules
2. Provides production requirements information
تعطى معلومات عن احتياجات اﻻنتاج
Kanban Definition
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اضاءة كارت
صندوق نمطى او موصف
Lights Cards
Standard Container
K an b an C a r d ID R ef 1 o f 4 P ro d u c ti o n U n i t - H o b b i n g S e c ti o n 3 C re a t i o n D a t e - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
K a n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f 4 P r o d u c t i o n U n i t - H o b b i n g S e c ti o n 3 C r e a t i o n D a te - 0 7 / 0 9 / 0 1
P art N um b er P a rt D e s c r ip t io n R e f e r e n c e D ra w in g N u m b e r
P art N um b er P a rt D e s c rip t io n R e f e r e n c e D ra w in g N u m b e r
645 6-5678 R in g G e a r R e v is io n A A
6 4 5 6 -5 6 7 8 R in g G e a r R e v is io n A A
K a n b a n Q u a n t i ty C o n ta in e r T y p e N o t e s & S p e c i a l I n s tr u c t i o n s
K a n b a n Q u a n t i ty C o n ta i n e r T y p e N o t e s & S p e c i a l I n s t ru c t i o n s
G re y 3 0 0 m m x 3 0 0 m m
300 p cs
300 pc s P laGs tre
ic yt o3te
0 0bminm t yxp e
3 0203m4 5
m
P la s t ic t o t e b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
D i s t ri b u t i o n I n fo rm a t i o n
D i s t ri b u t io n I n f o rm a t i o n
S u p p ly P o in t - M a c h in e S h o p 6 U s a g e P o in t - M a c h in e S h o p 4
S u p p ly C
Po e in t -roMuapc 3h in e S h o p 6
ll G U s aCgeell G
P or oinutp- 4MRa ac ch kin 3e BS h o p 4
C e ll G ro u p 3 C e ll G r o u p 4 R a c k 3 B
B a r C o d e D a ta
B a r C od e D ata
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2 Types of Kanban
1. In-Process (Production) Kanban
(MAKE) اﻻنتاج In-Process OPER OPER OPER
a visual signal to pace the Kanban A B C
movement of products in a flow
production process
اشارة بصرية للسماح بمرور منتج جديد فى العملية RAW MATERIALS FINISHED
GOODS
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Two Bin system for the small parts that are low in cost.
يستخدم لﻼجزاء القليلة التكلفة واﻻجزاء صغيرة الحجم
13
K a n b a n C a r d ID R e f 1 o f 4 P r o d u c t io n U n it - H o b b in g S e c tio n 3 C r e a t io n D a t e - 0 7 /0 9 /0 1
P a rt N u m b e r P a r t D e s c ri p ti o n R e f e re n c e D r a w i n g N u m b e r
G re y 3 0 0 m m x 3 0 0 m m
300 pc s
P l a s ti c to t e b i n typ e 2 3 4 5
D is tr ib u t io n In fo r m a t io n
S u p p l y Po i n t - M a c h i n e S h o p 6 U s a g e P o i n t - M a ch i n e S h o p 4
C e l l G ro u p 3 C e l l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
B a r C o d e D a ta
K a n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f 4 P ro d u c ti o n U n it - H o b b in g S e c ti o n 3 C re a t io n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 /0 1
Pa r t N u m b e r P a rt D e sc r ip t io n R e fe re n c e D r a w i n g N u m b e r
6456- 5678 R in g Ge a r R e v i si o n A A
D is tr ib u t io n In fo rm a tio n
B a r C o d e D a ta
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In
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المورد
العميل
Supplier 1 2 3 4 5
Customer
1 K an b a n C a rd I D R ef 1 o f 4 P ro d u ct i o n U n i t - H o b b i n g S ec ti o n 3 C r ea ti o n Da te - 0 7/ 0 9 /0 1
P a rt N u m b e r P a rt De s c rip t i on R ef e re n c e Dr aw in g N um b er
6 45 6 -5 67 8 R in g G e ar R ev i sio n A A
K a n b a n Q u a n ti ty C o n ta i n e r T y p e No te s & S p e c i al I n s tr u c ti o n s
G re y 3 0 0m m x 3 00 m m
3 0 0 p cs
P l as t ic t o t e bi n t y pe 2 34 5
ورشة او ماكينة
Di s tr i b u ti o n I n f o rm a ti o n
S u p pl y P oi n t - M a c h i ne S h o p 6 U s a ge P o in t - M ac hi n e S ho p 4
C el l G ro up 3 C el l G ro up 4 R a c k 3 B
2
B a r C o de D at a
K an b an Ca r d I D R e f 1 o f 4 P ro d u c ti o n U n i t - H o b b i n g S ec ti o n 3 C re a ti o n D a te - 07 / 0 9/ 0 1
7
P ar t Nu m b er P a rt D e scri p t io n R e f er en ce D ra wi n g N u m be r
6
6 4 5 6- 56 7 8 R ing Gea r R e vi si o n A A
K a n b a n Q u an t i ty C o n t ai n e r T y p e N o te s & S p e ci a l I n s tru ct io n s
G re y 3 0 0 m m x 30 0 m m
30 0 p cs
P l a st ic t ot e b in t yp e 23 4 5
D i s tr ib u ti o n I n f o rm a ti o n
S up p ly P o in t - M ac h in e S h op 6 U sa ge P oi n t - M a ch i ne S ho p 4
C e l l G r ou p 3 C e ll G ro u p 4 R ac k 3 B
B a r C o de D a t a
Workshop Workshop
or machine 3 or machine
5
8 9
4
TRANSPORT
النقل
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Process Step 1
الخطوة اﻻولى
When the pallet is empty, I put the Kanban card in the Kanban box
Kanban ضع الكارت فى صندوق الـPallet عندما تخلو الـ
Customer العميل
Kanban
Box K an b a n C a rd I D R ef 1 o f 4
P a rt N u m b e r
6 45 6 -5 67 8
P ro d u ct i o n U n i t - H o b b i n g S ec ti o n 3
P a rt De s c rip t i on
R in g G e ar
6
C r ea ti o n Da te - 0 7/ 0 9 /0 1
R ef e re n c e Dr aw in g N um b er
R ev i sio n A A
K a n b a n Q u a n ti ty C o n ta i n e r T y p e No te s & S p e c i al I n s tr u c ti o n s
G re y 3 0 0m m x 3 00 m m
3 0 0 p cs
P l as t ic t o t e bi n t y pe 2 34 5
Di s tr i b u ti o n I n f o rm a ti o n
S u p pl y P oi n t - M a c h i ne S h o p 6 U s a ge P o in t - M ac hi n e S ho p 4
C el l G ro up 3 C el l G ro up 4 R a c k 3 B
Workshop Workshop
B a r C o de D at a
or machine K a n b a n Ca r d ID Re f 1 o f 4
P a rt N u m b e r
P ro d u c tio n U n it - Ho b b in g Se c t io n 3
P a rt D e s cr ip t io n
Cr e a tio n Da te - 0 7 /0 9 /0 1
Re fe r e n ce Dra w i n g N u m b e r
or machine
6 4 5 6 -5 6 7 8 R ing G ear R e v i si o n A A
K a n b a n Q u a n tit y C o n ta in e r T y p e N o te s & S p e c ia l In s t ru c t io n s
G r ey 300 m m x 300m m
3 0 0 p cs Pl a s ti c to te b i n ty p e 2 3 4 5
S u p p l y Po i n t - M a ch in e S h o p 6 U sa g e P o i n t - M a c h i n e S h o p 4
C e l l G ro u p 3 Ce l l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
Ba r Co d e D a ta
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Process Step 2
الخطوة الثانية من العملية
Of the cards I receive from the customer, I
لوحةkanban put them on the Kanban Board , starting
from the top
Kanban Board
عندما استلم الكروت من العميل اضعهم على اللوحة ابتداء من
اﻻعلى
1 2 3 4 5
Critical
K an b a n C a rd I D R ef 1 o f 4 P ro d u ct i o n U n i t - H o b b i n g S ec ti o n 3 C r ea ti o n Da te - 0 7/ 0 9 /0 1
P a rt N u m b e r P a rt De s c rip t i on R ef e re n c e Dr aw in g N um b er
6 45 6 -5 67 8 R in g G e ar R ev i sio n A A
K a n b a n Q u a n ti ty C o n ta i n e r T y p e No te s & S p e c i al I n s tr u c ti o n s
G re y 3 0 0m m x 3 00 m m
3 0 0 p cs
P l as t ic t o t e bi n t y pe 2 34 5
Di s tr i b u ti o n I n f o rm a ti o n
S u p pl y P oi n t - M a c h i ne S h o p 6 U s a ge P o in t - M ac hi n e S ho p 4
C el l G ro up 3 C el l G ro up 4 R a c k 3 B
B a r C o de D at a
Supplier
خط الكمية الحرجة المورد
Customer
العميل
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منطقة خضراء
GREEN ZONE
Maximum Batch Formation
WIP Batch تصنيع
الكمية القصوى للمخزون RED ZONE
Out of Stock
تحت التشغيل
1 2 3 4 5
قراءة اللوحة يساعد على
Reading the board allows you to know :
b) in process available
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Process Step 3
الخطوة الثالثة من العملية
المورد
1 2 3 4 5
Supplier
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Process Step 4
الخطوة الرابعة من العملية
When I have finished filling the pallet I take the Kanban card from the board and attach it to the pallet. عندما
. انتهى من تصنيع البالتة اخذ الكارت من اللوحة واضعه عى البالتة
If the card comes from the red area, then I check with the client by telephone to see if they are out of
stock, if so I ask for a forklift to transport it immediately
اتصل بالعميل تليفونيا ﻻعرف ان كانوا ليس عندهم اى مخزون لنقل اليهم المنتج فورا،اذا كان الكارت من المنطقة الحمراء
Kanban Board
1 2 3 4 5
2
Workshop
or machine K a nb an C a rd ID R ef 1 o f 4
Pa rt N um ber
K an ba n Q ua nt ity
3 00 pc s
P r o du ct ion U n it - H ob bi ng S ec tio n 3
P ar t D e s c rip tion
R ing G ea r
C on t ain er T yp e
G rey 300 m m x 30 0m m
P la s tic t ote bin ty pe 234 5
R ev is ion A A
Supplier
S u pply Po int - M ac h ine S h op 6 U s ag e P o int - M ac hin e S ho p 4
C ell G rou p 3 C ell G rou p 4 R ac k 3B
B ar C od e D a ta
المورد
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Process Step 5
الخطوة الخامسة من العملية
Workshop Workshop
Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f 4 Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3 C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
Pa r t Nu m b e r Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
6456- 5678 R in g Ge a r Re v is i o n A A
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y Co n t a i n e r T y p e N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
300 pc s
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6 Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
Ce l l Gr o u p 3 Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
B a r Co d e D a ta
or machine Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
4 Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
6456- 5678
4 Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
R in g Ge a r
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Re v is i o n A A
or machine
Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f 4 Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3 C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
6456- 5678 R in g Ge a r Re v is i o n A A Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y Co n t a i n e r T y p e N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
Pa r t Nu m b e r Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y Co n t a i n e r T y p e N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s 300 pc s
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5 6456- 5678 R in g Ge a r Re v is i o n A A
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
300 pc s Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5 Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y Co n t a i n e r T y p e N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6 Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
Ce l l Gr o u p 3 Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B 300 pc s
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6 Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4 B a r Co d e D a ta
Ce l l Gr o u p 3 Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
B a r Co d e D a ta
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6 Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
Ce l l Gr o u p 3 Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
B a r Co d e D a ta
TRANSPORT
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Process Step 6
الخطوة السادسة من العملية
If there is a pallet empty in front of my work place. I replace it for a full pallet. When I don ’t have
any more full pallets, I inform the operator of the supplying process
اذا وجدت بالتة خالية موجودة امام منطقة عملى ابدلها باخرى ممتلئة وإذا لم اجد بالتات ممتلئة ابلغ المسؤل عن العملية المغذية
Workshop Workshop
or machine Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
6456- 5678
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y
300 pc s
Ce l l Gr o u p 3
4 Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
R in g Ge a r
Co n t a i n e r T y p e
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6 Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
B a r Co d e D a ta
Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Re v is i o n A A
N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
6456- 5678
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y
300 pc s
4 Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
R in g Ge a r
Co n t a i n e r T y p e
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6
Ce l l Gr o u p 3
Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
B a r Co d e D a ta
Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Re v is i o n A A
N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
6456- 5678
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y
300 pc s
4
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6
Ce l l Gr o u p 3
Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
R in g Ge a r
Co n t a i n e r T y p e
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
B a r Co d e D a ta
Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Re v is i o n A A
N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
or machine
KB
TRANSPORT
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Kanban Calculations
Kanban حسابات الـ
The objective is to create an output buffer between operations to
K a n b a n C a r d ID R e f 1 o f 4 P ro d u c t io n U n it - H o b b i n g S e c ti o n 3 C re a ti o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 /0 1
P art N um ber P a rt D e sc ri p ti o n R e f e re n c e D r a w in g N u m b e r
K a n b a n Q u a n ti ty C o n tain er T y p e N o t e s & S p e c i a l In s tr u c ti o n s
3 00 pcs
G rey 30 0m m x 3 00m m
P l a s ti c t o t e b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
D i s t ri b u ti o n In f o rm a ti o n
الهدف هو انشاء مخزون مؤقت بين العمليات للوصول ﻻسلوب السوبرماركت
S u p p l y P o in t - M a c h i n e S h o p 6 U s a g e P o in t - M a c h i n e S h o p 4
C e ll G ro u p 3 C e ll G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
B a r C o d e D a ta
Demand Profiles
Volumes
Customers
Products Click Here
Lead times
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Hybrid Control
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Kanban Considerations
Kanban إعتبارات الـ
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Summary
• Kanban is a control mechanism to support pull systems
هو نظام تحكم لتطبيق نظام السحبKanban •
• It is not difficult to implement but can be extremely difficult to control
• سهل فى التطبيق ولكن صعب فى التنظيم والمتابعة
• It requires rigid compliance with a set of rules to support the control
• يتطلب التزام عالى يالقواعد لتحقيق النظام
• There are other improvements above and beyond kanban
KANBAN • يوجد دائما تطوير وتحسين لنظام
• Don’t try to march until you can walk
• ﻻ تتسرع وتحاول الجرى قبل ان تتعلم المشى
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اﻷهداف
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يعتبر الجزء الرئيسي من استثمار سلسلة اﻻمداد موجه بنسبة ) %40إلى (%50إلى المخزون ،والتى
تغطى كل من الخامات واﻷجزاء والمنتجات المخزونة فى مكان ما أو فى مرحلة انتقال الى المرحله
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* المخزون هو التشحيم لتبقى سلسلة اﻻمداد مرنة .وتوجد فى عدة اشكال ،مصنفة طبقا ً إلى مكان
المخزون في السلسلة.
* كل نوع يخدم وظيفة محددة كل منها يضيف الى السلسلة المرونة .
* المفهوم اﻻساسى للمخزون يعتمد على معرفة انواع المخزون و الوظيفة المطلوبة من كل نوع .
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• To cover fluctuations in supply or • للتعامل مع التذبذب و عدم اﻻستقرار في العرض او الطلب
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تنظيم وترتيب
الجرد
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فئة المخزون Aهى اﻻعلى قيمة سنويا ٌ .قد تكون حوالى %15من المخزون ولكن تشكل من 70الى %80من العائد السنوى *
Class B items
• فى المدى المتوسط فى القيمة هى المجموعة ،Bوالتى تشكل %30من المخزون ومن 10الى %20من العائد السنوى
Class C items
* هى حوالى %5من العائد السنوى ،والتى تشكل أكثر من %55من المخزون الكلى
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ليست كل عناصر المخزون متساويين ويجب ان تنعكس المبادىء والسياسات على هذه الحقيقة .
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لو لم تعرف كمية ما لديك ،إذا ٌ انت ﻻ تعرف ما هى الكمية ومتى يجب طلب هذه الطلبية
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هنا القليل من المبادىء عن الحفاظ على مساحة تخزينية آمنة و التى تجعل الجرد أسهل .
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45
Counting الجرد
* هناك طريقتان للحفاظ على سجﻼت المخزون :
يعتبر الجرد الدورى هو الفن والمهارة ولكن الجرد المحدد الزمن له مكانته الباقية .
• الجرد الزمني
• الجرد الدوري
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هو الجرد الذى يمكن اﻻعتماد عليه ﻻيجاد قيمة المخزون ويخدم التكلفة ،والترتيب الزمنى والتى تقدم احسن خدمه
عمﻼء يمكن اﻻعتماد عليها وهنا نوضح كيفية عمله:
كل العناصر يتم جردها سنويا ٌ عناصر Aتجرد على فترات متقاربه )شهريا ٌ( يبنما B ، Cيتم جردها أقل عادةٌ .
الجرد الدورى ﻻ يتطلب اغﻼق المخزن او المؤسسة ،لذلك هناك القليل من اوﻻ يوجد اى ازعاج للعمل .
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مرة كل شهر
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* ادارة المخزون تركز على تقليل التكلفة بدون التضحية بخدمة العمﻼء .نماذج المخزون تخبرك ماذا تفعل
بإيجاد شيئان :
• الكمية لطلبها .
• متى )كل فتره( لطلبها .
* قبل شرح مختارات من اهم النماذج يجب ان نغطى نقطتان اساسيتان :
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* نماذج المخزون موجودة فى اتجاهين :بعضها للطلب المستقل ،والبعض للطلب اﻻعتمادى .
* الطلب المستقل هو الطلب للمنتج المستقل ،مثل الموتوسيكﻼت والسيارات والمكانس الكهربائية ....إلخ
.
* الطلب اﻻعتمادى يوجد فقط لوجود الطلب لشىء آخر ،مثل طلب المكونات اﻻزمة لتجميع السيارة والتي
تعتمد على وجود طلب على السيارات.
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* تكلفة المخزون تشمل كل التكاليف المشاركة فى تسكين المخزون .مثل اﻻتى -:
• تكلفة اﻻستثمار وتشمل فوائد القروض ،ضرائب المخزون ،ودفعات تأمين المخزون
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* استخدام النماذج اﻻلكترونية والدفع بالنقل من حساب الى حساب يمكن تقليل تكلفة الشراء .
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* الطريقة اﻻسهل واﻻرخص لتقديم النظام فى عمليه الشراء هو شراء نفس الكمية كل مرة .ثبات الكمية
يمكن ايجاده ﻻكمال حاوية شحن ولتكمله نسبة الخصم على الحاوية الكامل.
* الطريقة هى -:
-بسيطة واضحة .
-غير غالية التكلفة .
اﻻ فى حالة ان -تحكم أكثر ولكن لن ينتج عنها نتيجة مرضية – حتى لو كانت اوتوماتيكية
تكون طلبيات العميل ثابته جدا ٌ لفترات طويلة .
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* يمكن تعريفها على أنها حجم الطلبية والتى تعطى أقل تكلفة كلية )التخزين ،الشراء ،التجهيز(
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التكلفة السنوية
الكمية المطلوبة
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• الكمية اﻻقتصادية للطلب ) (EOQهى معقدة اكثر من الطلب ثابت الكمية ،هى طلب ثابت الكمية ولكن تعتمد على
اﻻفتراضات اﻻتية -:
الطلب ثابت ومعروف . •
• الوقت بين وقت اصدار امر الشراء الى وصولها ) (Lead Timeثابت ومعروف.
• الكميات المطلوبة تصل على دفعة واحدة وليس على مراحل.
ﻻ يوجد خصم للكميات . •
التردد فى التكلفة محدود )تكلفة المخزون وتكلفة تجهيزه وتكلفة شراءه( . •
لن يكون هناك اى نفاذ فى اﻻصناف اذا اصدرت الطلبات فى مواعيدها . •
هذه الفرضيات قد تبدو غير واقعية لسلسلة اﻻمداد.
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التكلفة
حجم الطلب
Where: Q = Lot Size
تكلفة تسكين المخزون
H = Holding Costs
D = Demand طلب العميل
K = Set Up Costs تكلفة طلب الشراء
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• يعمل مصنع على إنتاج 60جزء اسبوعيا ٌ بتكلفة 12جنيه لكل قطعة .
• اﻻدارة تقدر تكلفة المخزون سنويا %40من القيمة الكلية للجزء .
• تكلفة تجهيز الماكينات لﻼنتاج تكلف المصنع 80جنيه.
• ما هو الكمية اﻹقتصادية للطلب EOQلهذا المنتج .
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2DK 2x3120x80
EOQ = = = 322 units
H 4.80
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Determine the:-
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2Csr 2(150)(4500)
Q = Q =
C1 3.75 / 12
Q = 2078 items
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Safety Stock = (normal distribution and equivalent to 95% service level) x Standard
Deviation of Lead Time Demand = 1.64 x (0.2 x 4500)=1476
So, reorder 2078 items when a level of 5976 items has been reached
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Warehousing
المخزن
Benefits: مميزات
Provides a place to store and protect inventory مكان للتخزين والحماية
Reduces transportation costs تقليل مصاريف النقل
Improves customer service levels تحسين مستوى خدمة العميل
Objectives: اﻻهداف
To provide timely customer service منح خدمة جيدة للعميل
To keep track of items تتبع الوحدات
To minimize cost تقليل التكلفة
To provide communication links with customers فتح قنوات اتصال مع العميل
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Warehousing
المخزن
Activities include… اﻻعمال تتضمن
• Receive, identify, and store goods استﻼم وتحديد وتخزين البضائع
• Pick, group, and load goods for shipment تجميع وتحميل المنتجات للشحن
• Dispatch the shipment تجهيز الشحنات
• Operate an information system تفعيل نظم المعلومات
Complexity depends on… التعقيد يعتمد على
• Number of stock keeping units (SKUs) عدد المنتجات
• Quantity of each SKU كمية كل منتج
• Number and frequency of receipts and shipments عدد وتكرار استﻼم
الشحنات
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Warehousing Objectives
أهداف المخزن
1. Optimize use of space الحصول على استخدام امثل للمساحة
2. Make effective use of labour and equipment اﻻستخدام اﻻمثل لﻼدوات
والعمال
3. Select the best mix of labour and equipment اختيار افضل خليط من اﻻدوات
والعمال
4. Provide ready access to all items تمنح استخدام جاهز لكل العناصر
5. Perform efficient movement of goods نقل كفء للمنتجات
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Over -production "just in case" or Murphy stock as a hedge against unplanned demand.
انتاج زائد كمية كبيرة فى المخزون اﻻحتياطى
Money, time, people, physical assets, the environment have all been tied up for something that isn’t
needed. فلوس ووقت وافراد مسخرة الى مخزون ﻻ نحتاجه
Transportation نقل the unnecessary movement of product can occur both within the warehouse and throughout the entire
supply chain. نقل كثير للمنتج
Too many steps, too many stops, الكثير من الخطوات والتوقفات
Waiting انتظار •the ‘hurry up and wait’ of trucks sitting idle or drivers killing time awaiting their turn at the dock, الوقت فى
انتظار الدور للتحميل
•workers or lifts standing by waiting for tools, instructions, materials to arrive or to be taken away. انتظار
المواد، التعليمات،اﻻدوات
•Waiting comes from poor layout, lumpy demand, system batching.
اﻹنتظار يأتي من التخطيط السيء واﻹستﻼك المتغير ونظام الدفعات
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7-Storage Techniques
الطرق السبعة للتخزين
1. Group similar parts together. جمع العناصر المتشابهة معا
2. Store parts vertically تخزين اﻻجزاء رأسيا
3. Store parts within easy reach. التخزين فى اماكن سهلة الوصول
4. Store heavy parts down low, or at middle level.
تخزين اﻻشياء الثقيلة فى اﻷسفل أو فى مستوى الوسط
5. Establish a separate location for each part number.
الفصل بين اماكن تخزين كل جزء
6. Irregularity control - by visual means
استخدام وسائل مرئية لضبط المخز
7. Store parts according to moving class.
تخزين اﻻجزاء بناء على مستويات نقلها
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BEFORE
قبل
A C
B
B
C A
مسار طويل وضع اﻷجزاء في صناديق Long binning routes
AFTER
بعد A
Reduce
B Space
B صغير متوسط كبير
C A C تقليل المساحة
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LARGE PARTS
أجزاء كبيرة
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Batteries Rubber
بطاريات مطاط
Chemicals
كيماويات
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80
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• Increase binning and picking efficiency زيادة كفاءة عملية البحث والحمل
• Provide safe working environment for the staff. خلق مناخ آمن للعمل
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20kg
Waist level
20kg 20kg
20kg
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2 A0224 2 Sub-shelf 2
1 1
5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
Location 4
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Parts is located based on size and weight to attain efficient space utilization
اﻷجزاء يتم وضعها بناءا ً على الحجم والوزن للحصول على افضل استغﻼل للمساحة
xxxxx-xxxx3
Big Size
رقم المكان
91
17801-21030 B01611
10 Digits 6 Digits
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93
94
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95
96
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97
250000 120.00%
A B C
100.00%
200000
80.00%
150000
Annual Volume
Culm
60.00%
100000
40.00%
50000
20.00%
0 0.00%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
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18
19
20
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60
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100
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102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
Part Numbers
98
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99
101
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102
Icons
Q
Supplier or Customer Inter-Company Physical Flow Quality Check Point
Receive
order
Var
0.5
hr
Work Station and Timing Information Flow Electronic Flow Inventory Point
26 Production Lead-Time
hrs
VA hours
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Icons
Bin
Pull 20
20
OXOX
Push
Buffer Kanban Post / Mailbox
or Safety Production Kanban
Load Levelling
Stock
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Steel coils are supplied by ‘The Steel Company’ and arrive on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
لفات الصاج تصل الي المصنع يومي الثﻼثاء و الخميس
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Vital Statistics
Customer Requirement متتطلبات العميل
Palletised returnable packaging with 20 brackets in a tray and up to 10 trays per pallet.
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Vital Statistics
Work Time اوقات العمل
20 days per month يوم في الشهر20
2 shifts in all areas ورديتان في كل المصنع
8 hours every shift, with overtime if necessary وقت اضافي لو لزم+ ساعات في الوردية8
Two 10 minute breaks during each shift. دقائق راحة في كل وردية10
Production Control Department ادرة مراقبة اﻻنتاج
Receives forecasts 30/60/90 and enters them into MRP
يوم القادمين90\60\30 يصل لها تنبؤ باحتياجات العميل لل
Issues 6 weeks forecast to The Steel Company via MRP
يوم القادمين90\60\30 تصدر تنبؤ باحتياجات المصنع من الصاج للمورد لل
Secures Steel by weekly FAXed order release to The Steel Company
تقوم بعمل فاكس اسبوعيا بالطلبيات لمورد الصاج
Receives daily firm order from The Car Company
تستلم الطلبيات الﻼزمة يوميا من العميل
Generates MRP-based weekly departmental requirements based upon customer order,
تقوم بعمل تخطيط لﻼحتياجات اسبوعيا بناء علي احتياج العميل
WIP inventory levels, Finished Goods inventory levels, and anticipated scrap and
downtime.
Issues weekly build schedules to stamping, welding and assembly processes.
تصدر خطة العمل اسبوعيا لكل مرحلة من مراحل اﻻنتاج علي حدة
Issues daily shipping schedule to Shipping Department
تصدر خطة السحن اسبوعيا ﻻدارة الشحن
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Vital Statistics
Stamping
Cycle Time - 1 second
Operators -1
Changeover Time - 1 hour
Machine Reliability - 85%
Inventory - 5 days of coil before this process
- 4,600 pieces of LH finished stamping
- 2,400 pieces of RH finished stamping
Welding Stn 1
Cycle Time - 39 seconds
Operators -1
Changeover Time - 10 minutes
Machine Reliability - 100%
Inventory - 1,100 pieces LH
- 600 pieces RH
Welding Stn 2
Cycle Time - 46 seconds
Operators -1
Changeover Time - 10 minutes
Machine Reliability - 80%
Inventory - 1,600 pieces LH
- 850 pieces RH
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Vital Statistics
Assembly stn 1
Cycle Time - 62 seconds
Operators -1
Changeover Time - N/A
Machine Reliability - 100%
Inventory - 1,200 pieces LH
- 640 pieces RH
Assembly Stn 2
Cycle Time - 40 seconds
Operators -1
Changeover Time - N/A
Machine Reliability - 100%
Inventory - 2,700 pieces LH
- 1,440 pieces RH
Shipping
Removes parts from finished goods warehouse and stages them for truck shipments to customer
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Lean Measurements
CT
Cycle Time (CT)
How often a part is actually completed by a process.
VCT
Value Creating Time (VCT)
The part of the work content which actually creates a
function/feature that the customer is willing to pay
for.
LT
Lead Time (LT)
The time for a part to progress throughout the entire
process.
Usually: VCT < CT < LT
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Lean Measurements
Available Time
Capacity = X Uptime
Cycle Time
27,600 seconds
= X 100%
39 seconds
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Lean Measurements
Inventory
Days of Stock =
Daily demand
4600
= = 7.67 Days
600
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2 shifts
Weekly Schedule
Tuesday Daily
Thursday Daily
Ship
Schedule
I I I I I
Stamping Weld stn 1 Weld stn 2 Assy stn 1 Assy stn 2 Shipping
4600 LH 1100 LH 1600 LH 1200 LH 2700 LH
5 1 off 2400 RH 1 off 1 off 1 off 640 RH 1 off
600 RH 850 RH 1440 RH
days Staging
C/O = 1 hour C/O =10 mins C/O =10 mins C/O = N/A C/O = N/A
27,600s avail 27,600s avail 27,600s avail 27,600s avail 27,600s avail
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114
115
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Available Time
Takt =
Demand
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117
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• Actual production determined by kanban coming back from supermarket to weld/assembly cell
from FG supermarket
• Customer buys in multiples 20-bracket trays, this can be the kanban size. That is, each tray of 20
LH or RH brackets in the FG supermarket has on it 1 production kanban.
• As shipping dept withdraws trays from the supermarket to stage them for deliver, the kanban
from those trays are sent back to assembly. This says ‘the customer has just consumed 20 LH (or RH)
brackets, please make another 20’
118
Assembly Shipping
4 2 1
119
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Customer
1
Requirement
Assembly Shipping
2 3 4
120
1. Stamping is very fast cycle time (1s) and changes over to serve various product lines. Difficult to integrate into
continuous flow.
2. This would mean slowing it down and dedicating to steering brackets – not practical.
3. This would be under-utilised and need to buy another press – expensive.
4. Run stamping as a batch production but link its production with a supermarket-based pull system.
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60
40
20
0
A s s e m b ly A s s e m b ly
S t a m p in g W e ld S t n 1 W e ld S t n 2
S tn 1 S tn 2
C y c le T im e 1 39 46 62 40
Ta k t 60 60 60 60 60
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1. Assembly station cycle times are quite similar and near to takt.
2. These are already dedicated to steering brackets, so continuous flow is possible.
3. This is also true for the 2 welding stations.
4. What stops continuous flow between welding and assembly?
• Nothing
• Reconfigure them close to each other
• Rebalance line so work content is below takt
80
60
40
20
0
A s s e m b ly A s s e m b ly
S t a m p in g W e ld S t n 1 W e l d S t n 2
S tn 1 S tn 2
C y c le T im e 1 39 46 62 40
Ta k t 60 60 60 60 60
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80
60
40
20
0
W e ld S t n 1 + W e ld S t n 2 + A s s e m b ly S t n A s s e m b ly S t n
W e ld S t n 2 A s s e m b ly S t n 1 2
C y c le T im e 58 58 58 13
Ta k t 60 60 60 60
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1. Welding changeover would need to be reduced from 10 minutes as it will cause imbalance and flow constraints.
2. Welding stn 2 reliability needs to be improved.
3. These change the theoretical cycle to an increased effective cycle
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12,000 LH / 6400 RH
Tray = 20 units
2 shifts
Daily
20
Takt = 60s
C/T = 55s
C/O =0
Uptime = 100%
2 shifts
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Stamped Parts
• Ideal small stamping machine dedicated to steering brackets – ‘right sized tool’ and incorporate into
welding and assembly continuous flow cell
• So we need a supermarket and use withdrawals from that supermarket (pull) to control stamping
production of LH / RH parts.
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When the pallet is empty, I put the Kanban card in the Kanban box
Kanban
Box Customer
Welding
K an b a n C a rd I D R ef 1 o f 4 P ro d u ct i o n U n i t - H o b b i n g S ec ti o n 3 C r ea ti o n Da te - 0 7/ 0 9 /0 1
P a rt N u m b e r P a rt De sc rip t i on R ef e re n ce Dr aw in g N um b er
6 45 6 -5 67 8 R in g G e ar R ev i sio n A A
K a n b a n Q u a n ti ty C o n ta i n e r T y p e No te s & S p e c i al I n s tr u c ti o n s
G re y 3 0 0m m x 3 00 m m
Stamping
3 0 0 p cs
P l as t ic t o t e bi n t y pe 2 34 5
and
Di s tr i b u ti o n I n f o rm a ti o n
S u p pl y P oi n t - M a ch i ne S h o p 6 U sa ge P o in t - M ac hi n e S ho p 4
C el l G ro up 3 C el l G ro up 4 R a ck 3 B
B a r C o de D at a
Assembly
K a n b a n Ca r d ID Re f 1 o f 4 P ro d u c tio n Un it - H o b b in g S e c tio n 3 Cr e a tio n Da t e - 0 7 /0 9 /0 1
P a rt N u m b e r Pa r t De s c ri p ti o n Re f e re n c e Dr a wi n g N u m b e r
6 4 5 6 -5 6 7 8 Ri n g G e a r R e v i s i o n AA
G re y 3 0 0 m m x 3 0 0 m m
300 pc s P l a sti c to te b i n ty p e 2 3 4 5
Dis tr ib u t io n In fo r m a tio n
S u p p l y Po i n t - M a c h i n e S h o p 6 Us a g e Po i n t - M a c h i n e Sh o p 4
C e l l G ro u p 3 C e l l Gr o u p 4 Ra c k 3 B
Ba r C o d e D a ta
127
127
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Process Step 2
Critical
K an b a n C a rd I D R ef 1 o f 4 P ro d u ct i o n U n i t - H o b b i n g S ec ti o n 3 C r ea ti o n Da te - 0 7/ 0 9 /0 1
P a rt N u m b e r P a rt De s c rip t i on R ef e re n c e Dr aw in g N um b er
6 45 6 -5 67 8 R in g G e ar R ev i sio n A A
K a n b a n Q u a n ti ty C o n ta i n e r T y p e No te s & S p e c i al I n s tr u c ti o n s
G re y 3 0 0m m x 3 00 m m
3 0 0 p cs
P l as t ic t o t e bi n t y pe 2 34 5
Di s tr i b u ti o n I n f o rm a ti o n
S u p pl y P oi n t - M a c h i ne S h o p 6 U s a ge P o in t - M ac hi n e S ho p 4
C el l G ro up 3 C el l G ro up 4 R a c k 3 B
B a r C o de D at a
Stamping
128
GREEN ZONE
Maximum Batch Formation
WIP
RED ZONE
Out of Stock
1 2 3 4 5
b)
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Process Step 3
1 2 3 4 5
Stamping
130
Process Step 4
When I have finished filling the pallet I take the Kanban card from the board and attach it to the pallet.
.
If the card comes from the red area, then I check with the client by telephone to see if they are out of stock, if
so I ask for a forklift to transport it immediately
Kanban Board
1 2 3 4 5
2
Stamping K a nb an C a rd ID R ef 1 o f 4
Pa rt N um ber
P r o du ct ion U n it - H ob bi ng S ec tio n 3
P ar t D e s c rip tion
C rea tio n D at e - 07 /09 /01
R ef er enc e D ra w ing N um ber
G rey 300 m m x 30 0m m
3 00 pc s
P la s tic t ote bin ty pe 234 5
Stamping
S u pply Po int - M ac h ine S h op 6 U s ag e P o int - M ac hin e S ho p 4
C ell G rou p 3 C ell G rou p 4 R ac k 3B
B ar C od e D a ta
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Process Step 5
Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
6456- 5678
4 Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
R in g Ge a r
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Re v is i o n A A
Weld
Stamping And
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y Co n t a i n e r T y p e N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
300 pc s
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6 Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
Ce l l Gr o u p 3 Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
B a r Co d e D a ta
Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
6456- 5678
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y
300 pc s
4
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6
Ce l l Gr o u p 3
Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
R in g Ge a r
Co n t a i n e r T y p e
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
B a r Co d e D a ta
Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Re v is i o n A A
N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
6456- 5678
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y
300 pc s
Ce l l Gr o u p 3
4 Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
B a r Co d e D a ta
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
R in g Ge a r
Co n t a i n e r T y p e
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6 Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Re v is i o n A A
N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
6456- 5678
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y
300 pc s
4 Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
R in g Ge a r
Co n t a i n e r T y p e
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6
Ce l l Gr o u p 3
Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
B a r Co d e D a ta
Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Re v is i o n A A
N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
Assembly
TRANSPORT
132
Process Step 6
If there is a pallet empty in front of my work place. I replace it for a full pallet. When I don ’t have any
more full pallets, I inform the operator of the supplying process
Workshop Workshop
or machine Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
6456- 5678
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y
300 pc s
Ce l l Gr o u p 3
4 Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
R in g Ge a r
Co n t a i n e r T y p e
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6 Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
B a r Co d e D a ta
Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Re v is i o n A A
N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
6456- 5678
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y
300 pc s
4 Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
R in g Ge a r
Co n t a i n e r T y p e
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6
Ce l l Gr o u p 3
Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
B a r Co d e D a ta
Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Re v is i o n A A
N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
Ka n b a n C a rd ID R e f 1 o f
Pa r t Nu m b e r
6456- 5678
Ka n b a n Q u a n t it y
300 pc s
4
Su p p ly Po i n t - Ma c h i n e Sh o p 6
Ce l l Gr o u p 3
Pr o d u c t io n Un i t - Ho b b in g Se c t i o n 3
Pa r t De s c r ip ti o n
R in g Ge a r
Co n t a i n e r T y p e
Gr e y 3 0 0 mm x 3 0 0 mm
Pl a s ti c t o te b in ty p e 2 3 4 5
Di s tr ib u ti o n In f o r ma t i o n
Us a g e Po i n t - Ma c h i n e S h o p 4
B a r Co d e D a ta
Ce l G ro u p 4 R a c k 3 B
C re a t i o n D a te - 0 7 /0 9 / 0 1
R e fe r e n c e D ra w in g Nu mb e r
Re v is i o n A A
N o te s & Sp e c i a l In s t r u c ti o n s
or machine
KB
TRANSPORT
133
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60 60
134
Signal Kanban
Allows batches to be produced and indicates changeover required
60
This Triangle is brought to the press when the minimum stock level has been triggered – this
schedules a changeover
Kanban flows
135
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Coils
• Steel supplier is not ready for Kanban, but this does not stop the company using Kanban
internally
• Attach withdrawal Kanban to every coil and send those to Production Control
• Production Control can order the coils based upon consumption instead of MRP (MRP still
used for longer capacity planning and forecasting)
• When Production Control have made the day’s order for coils, the corresponding Kanban can
be placed in Kanban slots at the receiving bay – this indicates when the coils should arrive.
• Change steel runs to daily through milk runs with other customers
136
12,000 LH / 6400 RH
Coil 2 shifts
Daily
60
20
137
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This single scheduling point will regulate the entire steering bracket value stream
138
Returning 46 kanban (2 shifts worth) to the cell at once would provide no takt image to
the cell.
Batching the volume of work instruction like this must be avoided.
A natural increment of welding/assembly work is the
60s takt x 20 pieces = 20mins.
This is the steering bracket pitch
139
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Heijunka
140
Heijunka Box
141
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1. Reduction in changeover time and batch sizes at the stamping press, to allow faster response to
downstream usage. The goals are ‘every part every day’ and the ‘every part every shift’. 10 minute
reduction would give the customer demand.
2. Elimination of the long time (10 minutes) required to change between LH and RH fixtures in welding, to
make possible continuous flow and mixed production from welding through assembly.
3. Improvement in on-demand uptime of the second spot welding machine, as it will now be tied to other
processes in a continuous flow.
4. Elimination of waste in the weld/assembly cell, to reduce total work content down to 165 seconds or less.
(This allows 3 operators at the current demand level).
142
143
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Before 5 days 7.6 days 6.5 days 4.5 days 23.6 days 10
144
145
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Loops
Pacemaker Loop
1. Objectives
• Develop continuous flow from weld through to assembly
• Kaizen work elements to reduce total cycle time to 165 secs
• Eliminate weld-fixture changeover time
• Improve uptime on welder # 2 to 100%
• Develop a pull system with FG supermarket
• Develop material handler routes between the supermarkets and the cell
2. Goals
146
147
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Loops
Stamping Loop
1. Objectives
• Establish pull system with stamped-parts supermarket (eliminate stamping schedule)
• Reduce stamping batch sizes to 300 (LH) and 160 (RH)
• Reduce stamping changeover time to less than 10 minutes
2. Goals
148
149
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Loops
Supplier Loop
1. Objectives
• Develop pull system with supplier supermarket
• Introduce daily coil delivery
2. Goals
150
151
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Summary
• We have demonstrated how we can use the Lean tools and techniques to impact substantially the
DOTWIMP wastes in a complete business process
• We have shown how deployment of lean think can have an enormous impact on lead time to customer
• We have illustrated that lean needs to be a full deployment, including the supply chain, to ensure that
real benefits are achieved and sustained
152
153
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154
InterTurbine
4. Sales/Marketing Integration
5. Inventory -42%
155
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Wiremold
156
AlliedSignal
157
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Exxon Chemicals
158
inventory turns
inventory value
number of misses
159
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external ppm
% internal
% external
160
# of employees redeployed
# of changeovers
constraint OEE
process OEE
161
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Flow…..
162
163
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Summary
164
165
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Lean Application
Lean تطبيقات الـ
Consciousness
وعى
Conscious
Conscious
Incompetence Apply / Train / Facilitate
تبسيط/ تدريب/ تطبيق Competence
إدراك بﻼ تمكن
Educate Systemise
علم نظم
Competence
تمكن
Unconscious Unconscious
Incompetence Competence
Today Future
166
Impact
upon productivity
التأثير على اﻻنتاجية Applied Lean
Mfg Strategy Self
Company-Wide Development
على نطاقLean تطبيق مبدأ الـ التطوير الشخصى
الشركة
Process
Kaizen
تطوير العملية
Potential for Manufacturing
Only Activity
الجهد للعمليات اﻻنتاجية
Time
Pilot More Manufacturing
Projects Projects
المشروع القائد مشاريع اكثر
167
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Effectiveness within
the Company التأثير Company
على الشركة
Expert Group
168
Approach المنهج
Now Future
169
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Manufacturing
Manuf’g Engineering
New Projects
Logistics
Personnel
Time
170
171
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172
173
84
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174
175
85
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176
177
86
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178
Supervisor
Empowerment
Levels
Team
Low
Traditional Team Based
Team Development
179
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Team Developer
Level
One Team Learning to Work Team
Together
Team Formed Around A Lean
Process Development
Traditional Work Group High-Performance
180
Team Segmentation
Team
Empowered Empowered Teams
Self Directed
Work Groups
Training &
Coaching
• Cells
Traditional • Product Organisation
• Business Units
Supervisor
Control
181
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The Workplace
Aligned Structures
& Systems
182
Summary
183
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Summary
184
185
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Lean Culture
186
187
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Quiz
188
There is a clear understanding of the replenishment conditions involved in the process YES NO
A system of replenishment signalling has been determined and implemented
YES NO
A plan to pilot has been agreed which includes nominated area, personnel trained,
visual management in place and failure modes and effects analysis completed.
YES NO
A further roll out consideration has been made based upon the expected success of the
pilot programme
YES NO
189
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Review Questions
1. True/False: What is the UK translation for Kanban?
5. True/False: The object is to keep as much inventory in the system as will allow
6. True/False: The kanban board displays very limited information to save confusion
190
Review Questions
2. True/False: Most of the lean tools and techniques are impractical in a transactional or service
environment
3. True/False: Changing the culture on the shop floor is the real way to ensure sustainability of
the transformation process
191
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Review Questions
1. Why are HPWT better suited focussed on processes and not functions?
2. True/False: Ensuring that the team members achieve their own, individual objectives is the trick for
HPWT
3. True/False: As with traditional approaches are HPWT really expected to own and improve their
processes?
4. True/False: Once the HPWT is established usual positions like team leaders are defunct?
192
94