1- Give the name of the following slings and the use of each sling ?

1) 2)

3) 4)

5) 6)

1) Board sling: is used for slinging fragile cargoes.

2) Nets: Used for handling small packages and mail, frozen meat

3) Heavy Lift spreaders Slings: used for the handling of locomotives and similar cargo

4) Can hooks: used for the handling drum and barrel.

5) Plate clamps: Used for handling steel plates.

6) Boxes: Used for handling explosives and delicate cases and cartons .

2- give the using of the following slings ?

-Canvas sling / rope sling / Trays/-Electro magnets.

2) Canvas sling : used for bagged cargoes.

-Rope sling : is co used for lifting bags, bales, light barrels, cases, crates, bagged cargo,
packaged unit loads, pallets, timber, etc..

Trays: Used for small cases, carton drums, packages, carton boxes, strapped units,

Electro magnets : used for lifting Iron and steel products specially scrap iron.

3- State the main types of lifting gear on Dry Cargo ships ?

The four main shipboard-based lifting gears are

1) Union Purchase
2) Single Swinging Derrick
3) Deck Cranes both level-luffing.
4) Shipboard Gantry System
.
4- Mention The Basics of cargo handling Safety?
8- Basics of cargo handling Safety:
• Safety of personnel
• Safety clothing and equipment
• Safety precautions during Opening and Closing Hatch Covers
• Safe operation of cargo-handling equipment
• Safety during cargo operation
• Other Safety precautions
5-Define The Enclosed Space?
9- Enclosed Space is defined as:
“Any space that has been closed or unventilated for some time, any space that may contain
harmful gasses because of the cargo carried, any space which may be contaminated by cargo or
gases leaking

6- State The precaution to be carried out Prior to entering, the enclosed space ?
10- Prior to entry, the following suggested actions should be taken:
1) Obtain correct authorization from the Chief Officer/Chief engineer.
2) The 'Permit to Work' is displayed at the entrance of the space.
3) Ensure that the space has been well ventilated and tested for oxygen content and/or toxic
gases.
4) Ensure that ventilation are continued while persons are engaged inside the space.
5) Ensure the space is illuminated before entry and that any portable lights being employed are of
the appropriate type.
6) A responsible person is designated as a standby man to be in constant attendance at the
entrance.
7) A communication system has been established and tested.
8) Ensure that rescue team and rescue equipment is available and ready for immediate use at the
entrance to the space.
9) Ensure that the wearer of breathing apparatus is fully trained in its use..
10) In the event of communication failure or ventilation breakdown all persons inside the space
should withdraw immediately..
7- What The Reasons and Importance for cleaning holds?
7- Reasons and Importance for cleaning holds:-
1- the ship‟s Master and crew responsibility to deliver the cargo as received
2 To avoid any cargo damage claim.
3- To avoid cargo damage by contamination from the previous cargo.
8- State The procedures Of Hold cleaning?
8- 1) When discharging is finished, Collect and stack all serviceable dunnage.
2) Unsuitable dunnage must be sent up on deck to be disposed of
3) The hold is then thoroughly swept down and all rubbish is sent up on deck.
4) The Bilge covers are lifted and the bilges thoroughly cleaned out.
5) Particular, attention must be given to the strum boxes and it is most important to see
that all the holes in the boxes are clear
.
6) Before the Bilge covers are replaced, bilge suction must be tested.
7) To clean a hold from which a coal cargo necessary after sweeping it, to wash it down
with a hose
8) Ventilate the hold by mechanical ventilation (leaving the hatch cover opened will help
accelerate
8- complete :
-Unclean holds will result in a)---------to load till it is cleaned or re-cleaned, time lost will be
on the –b) ---------------
- a) Refusing b) Owners Account

- Cargo Hold must be a)---------- by the Cargo Officer (Chief Officer) before commencing
loading operation to ensure that the hold is b)------------ for the next cargo
- a) Inspected b) Suitable.
- Before the Bilge covers are replaced, bilge ---------------- must be tested.
- Suction.
-Particular, attention must be given to the a)…………. and it is most important to see that
all the b)…………… are clear.
a) strum boxes b) holes

9-State The Hold Inspection Procedures?

9- 1) General cleanliness (No Rust or loose rust).
2) Spar ceiling.
3) Tween Deck draining holes.
4) Bilge system (Bilge well, strum box & non-return valve).
5) Sounding Pipes (Bilge & Double Bottom Tanks).
6) Air Vent. Pipes.
7) Electric cables, Lighting and connections.
8) General condition of side shell, bulkheads, frames and beams.
9) Double Bottom Tanks manholes
10) Ventilation ducts.
11) Fire detection and fixed fire extinguishing systems.
12) Hatch cover, check for water tightness .
13) Fixed hold ladders .
14) Hold manholes on the weather deck.
10- How the segregation can be achieved?
10- Segregation is achieved by:-
1) Under-deck: Cargo can be segregated by stowing different types in different
compartments.
2) On Deck: cargo can be segregated by separating different types with at least 12 meters of
horizontal distance.
11- Why we need to segregate cargo?
11- Because one type of cargo will damage other cargo if stowed in the same compartment.
12- What the reason for cargo separation?
12 The cargo separation is necessary to prevent mix-up of different shipments-
13- Why need to separate cargo?
13- Identical packing of different grade of goods
2. Different receivers. (same cargo for two receivers)
3. Different destinations (same cargo for two ports).
14-How the separation can be achieved?
14-Separation is achieved by:-
1) Marking one shipment with distinctive mark.
2) Using coloured separation nets.
3) Ropes (different colours are available).
4) Marking with paint .
5) Using layers of dunnage .
6) Using tarpaulins (canvas).
7) Using coloured adhesive tape or paint.
8) Leaving horizontal distance between different shipments.
9) Natural separation (cargo of different form, shape, or packing).
15- HOW TO USE THE UNION PURCHASE DERRICK FOR LOADING AND
DISCHARGING CARGO?
15- One derrick, called the 'ship derrick' is positioned over the hatch-opening (hatchway)
in order to allow a direct vertical lead to the cargo within the hold.
The other, called the 'off-shore derrick' is positioned clear of the rail to allow a direct
vertical lead to the cargo to the berth or lighter (barge).
16- WHAT ARE THE KIND OF VENTILATION?
16- Natural or mechanical ventilation systems or both.
17- WHY THE VENTILATION IS IMPORTANT ?
17- 1)Minimising the onset and degree of sweat.
2)Remove taint and disperse any gases which some cargoes may emit.
18) DEFINE THE FOLLOWING :-
Sweat / Saturation Point / Dew point / Ship's sweat / Cargo sweat .
18) SWEAT : is the condensation which forms on all surfaces and on all goods in a
compartment or hold due
SATURATION POINT:
It‟s the temperature by degree when the air saturated by moisture cannot carry any extra
Moisture.
DEW POINT:
It‟s the temperature by degree when the air cannot keep any moisture content & start
eliminate it by dew or sweat.
SHIP,S SWEAT:
Ship sweat is the condensation of water vapour on the ship's inner structure which arise
when the ship is moving from warm area to cold area while loading hygroscopic cargo.
Or , when the 'dew point' in a cargo space exceeds the the 'dew point' out side.
VENTILATION IS REQUIRED.
CARGO SWEAT :
Cargo sweat is the condensation of water vapour directly on to the cargo .
which happens when the temperature of cargo is less than saturation point of air of holds
structure(temperature outside) when ship moving from cold area to warm area while
loading non-hygroscopic cargo
NO VENTILATION, Its prevention is by sealing off the ventilating facilities.
19) complete :-
- system should be at least 1) ------- air changes per hour, based on the 2 ) ------------ .
-The simple rule concerning ventilation is:
a) VENTILATE if the dew-point of the air inside the hold is 3 )------- than the dew-point of
the air outside the hold
b) DO NOT VENTILATE if the dew-point of the air inside the hold is 4 )--------- than the
dew-point of the air outside the hold.
-Rules of ventilation regarding Hygroscopic and non-Hygroscopic cargos are as follows:-
- Cold to warm voyage Hygroscopic Cargo ventilation will always 5 )------------ While with
non - Hygroscopic cargos Ventilation is 6)------------- .
- Warm to cold voyage Hygroscopic Cargo ventilation will almost certainly 7 ) ------
But Non-hygroscopic Cargo Ventilation is 8) ---------------- .
- RE Combined cargoesa, hygroscopic and non-hygroscopic cargoes should 9) ---------
stowed together.
19) 1 – TWO 2- Empty Cargo Space. 3- HIGHER 4- LOWER .5) be unnecessary
6- never required 7- will almost certainly be required. 8 ) Ventilation is largely
irrelevant . 9 ) not be.
20 ) a- Your vessel loading at port of Hamburg ( cold area ) , Hygroscopic cargo and
proceeding to port of Damietta (Egypt) warm area , decide you will ventilate the cargo
holds or not.
b- Your vessel loading at port of Jedda ( warm area ) non- Hygroscopic cargo proceeding
to port of Antwerp ( cold area ) , Decide you will ventilate the cargo holds or not.
c) Your vessel loading at warm area Hygroscopic carg and proceeding to cold area , Decide
you will ventilate the cargo holds or not.
20) a) NO VENTILATION REQUIRED. / b) Ventilation is largely irrelevant.
c) VENILATION IS REQUIRED.
21) Define the following :- a- Safe Working Load (SWL) / b-Maximum Securing Load
(MSL)

21) a- Safe Working Load (SWL) : An acceptable working tonnage used equal to one-sixth
of the breaking strain ( SWL =1/6 Breaking strain).
b- Maximum Securing Load (MSL): Is a term used to define the allowable load capacity
for a device used to secure cargo to the
ship.
22) Mention the motions and Forces which affect on the vessel?
22) There are 3 motions : 1- Transverse motion. 2- Longitudinal motion. 3- Vertical motion

There are six forces : 1- Roll. 2- Pitch. 3- Yaw. 4- Sway. 5- Surge. 6- Heave.
23) Regarding Securing Cargo Basics Complete the following:
a- Lashings should be sufficient to prevent the load from moving when the ship rolls
through 1- ------ degrees with 2- ------- second roll periods.
b) Stow cargo bearing in mind not to obstruct 3- ---------, --------, ------, -------, ---------.
c) OOW should be familiar with the contents of the ship‟s own Cargo4- ------,and 5- --------

23) 1- 30 / 2- 13 second. 3- crew movement, stores access, emergency stations,

tank sounding, fire fighting equipment's, 4- securing manual. 5- IMO Code of Safe Practice
for Cargo Stowage and Securing

24) What is the purpose of Using dunnage ( state 5 items )?

24) Uses of dunnage:

1- Spread the weight of the cargo across a large area of the ship's structure.
2- Increase friction to prevent cargo moving,
3- Assist with cargo ventilation.
4- Used as a form of cargo separation.
5- Used in Securing the cargo Lashing (Chocking).
25) Mention The Problems may arise from the use of timber dunnage?

25) 1- Insects. / 2- Moisture./ 3- Rough Surfaces / Edges. / 4- Sawdust.

26)Define or Exeplane the following: Dead Weight Cargo / Deadweight “DWT in short”
/Measurement Cargo/ Bale Capacity/ Stowage Factor “SF in short”/ Broken Stowage /
Gross Tons “GT in short”:

26- : Dead Weight Cargo: Is the weight of cargo on which freight is usually charged on,
cargo stowing less than 1.2 m3/tonne.
Deadweight “DWT in short”: Total weight of cargo, stores, fuel and water needed to
submerge a ship from her light draught
to her maximum permitted draught (summer load line draught). OR it‟s the difference
between the Full displacement and Light displacement is the ship's deadweight.
- Measurement Cargo: Is the volume occupied by cargo on which freight is usually charged
on, this cargo is usually light and bulky stowing more than 1.2 m3/tonne.
- Bale Capacity: Cubic capacity of a vessel‟s cargo holds to carry packaged dry cargo.
-Stowage Factor “SF in short‟ : Cubic volume occupied by one tonne of cargo.
-Broken Stowage: Space lost between cargo loaded due to the shape, kind and size .
-Gross Tons “GT in short”: measurement of the total internal
volume of a ship, deducting the volume of certain exempted spaces which provide comfort
to the crew and ship's safety; One ton 2.83 cubic meter.
27)Statethe function of the following :-
final stowage plan. / Mate‟s Receipt / Boat Note/.?

27) Function of Final Stowage Plan:

1. Stability calculation.
2. Reserve the jetty of cargo operation.
3. Place of cargo.
4. Port of discharging.
6. Way of loading & Discharging
- Functions of the Mate‟s Receipt:
1. A receipt issued by the ship to the shipper as evidence for goods received for
transportation.
2. Evidence of the quantity and condition of the cargo.
3. Evidence of the loading date.
Functions of BOAT NOTE:
1. Receipt for receiving part of cargo
2. As a promise to replace it by mate‟s receipt.
28) What the difference between mates receipt and bill of lading?
28)The Freight and Fright payment terms are inserted on the bill of lading only.

29) What the difference between the following:-

a) clean bill of lading and claused bill of lading. b Cargo Manifest and Through Cargo
Manifest?
29) a) "clean“ Bill of lading is one which describes the cargo as being in "apparent good
order and condition", without containing adverse remarks.
b)Claused bills of lading
When the cargo is not in apparent good order and condition, the carrier is entitled to insist
of the bill of loading being claused.

b) Cargo Manifest
The 'cargo manifest' is used in all forms of transport and includes the particulars of all-
cargo loaded in a particular ship.

-Through Cargo Manifest

It is the cargo manifest which includes the particulars of all cargoes which will not be
discharged in this port.

30 )How to secure the surface of grain in a partly filled compartment ?

30) The surface of grain in a partly filled compartment shall be secured by ;-
a- leveling the grain surface and topping it off with bagged grain.
b- covered with overlapping tarpaulins and dunnages.
c- lashing by wire ropes.
31) choose the best answer
1) ………… is the temperature in degrees when the air cannot keep any moisture which
contain & start eliminate it by sweat.
a- ship sweat. b - dew point. C- cargo sweat. d- saturation point.
b- dew point.
2) The term of separated by complete compartment or hold from ( for segregation of the
dangerous goods ) is provided a minimum horizontal separation of ;
a- 3meters b- 6meters c-12meters d-24meters.
c-12 meters.
3) ……….. a tank specifically designated for the collection of tank draining , tank washings
and other oily mixtures.
a- wing tank. b- segregated ballast c- slop tank d- none of the above.
c- slop tank.
4) which type of ventilation required for rice cargo short voyage ?
a- no ventilation b- natural ventilation. c- mechanical ventilation. d- opening the hatch
covers will not be effective.
b- natural ventilation.
5) The maximum spacing of the lashings is determined by the maximum height of the
timber deck cargo :
a- for a heght of 3 m and below , the spacing should be 4 m.
b- for a heght of 4 m and below , the spacing should be 1.5 m.
c- for a heght of above 4 m, the spacing should be 3 m.
d- for a heght of above 4 m, the spacing should be 1.5m.
d- for a heght of above 4 m, the spacing should be 1.5m.
31 ) State whether the following pharases are true or false and correct the false pharases:-
1- Ensure that no ventilation are continued while persons are engaged inside an enclosed
space.
2- Unclean holds will not be refused to load , and the time lost will be on the shippers
account.
3- separation must be done between the incompatible classes of dangerous goods shown in
the IMDG code separation table.
4- Segregation is achieved by using tarpaulins ( canvas ).
5- Ventilation is never required for Hygroscopic cargo.
6- Lashing should be sufficient to prvent the load from moving when the ship rolls through
45 degrees with 15 second roll periods.
1- F – Venilation / 2- F – Will be refused – on the owner account. / 3- F – Segregation. / 4-
F – separation / 5- F- is required on Cold to warm voyage / 6- F – 30 degrees – 13 seconds.
32) Why are the use of the IMDG code is essential when handling Dangerous goods?
32) The use of the IMDG Code is essential :
1- To enhance the safe transport of dangerous goods .

2-Facilitating the free unrestricted transport of dangerous goods.

3- Regulated The Transport of marine pollutants to prevent harm to the marine

environment.
33)What precaution should be taken when loading deck cargo?( 5 items)
33) 1- Stowage of deck cargoes should maintain safe access for the crew around the vessel‟s
deck including.
2- Maintain proper stability during the whole voyage.

3- Not exceeding the Allowable deck load (Deck Strength) .

4- Ventilators and air pipes must be adequately protected.
5- The height of the cargo must not interfere with the ship's navigation.

6- Hatch cover should be closed properly) and Secured.

34) State the elements that should be observed before deciding to transport heavy
lift on deck ( 6 items) ?
34) 1-All stowing and securing cargo will be under duty officer supervision.
2-The stability of the vessel should be adequate during the whole operation.
3- Particular attention should be paid to the SWL of shackles, blocks and wires.
4- All cargo winches affecting the load should be placed in „double gear‟.
5-The deck area where the load is to be landed should be clear of obstructions
6-Apply heavy big dunnage under the cargo.
7-If necessary weld extra lashing eyes to the deck.
35) The stowage factor of grain in bags is 1.45 m3 / ton , it is required to fill the hold with
grain bags., if the grain capacity of the hold is 5400m3 and the bale capacity is 4350 m3 ,
how many tons of grain bags the hold will be take?
35) WEIGHT = VOLUME / S.F = 4350 / 1.45 = 3000 TONS.
36)Complete :-

Coal is considered one of the high-risk cargos. It is a combustible material and under
certain conditions generates 1- …………….If the methane and air are mixed in the right
proportions, a spark will produce 2-………. In addition, coal is known for spontaneous
combustion.

36)1- methane “marsh gas”. 2- explosion