- APPROX.

PROPORTIONS OF RETAINING WALLS:

BASE WIDTH: (L = 0.3H TO 2/3H)
L = 1.08 TO 2.40
THICKNESS OF STEM : (L = 250)(min.)
L2= 0.25
THICKNESS OF BASE : (d = 0.10H)(min.)
d= 0.36

2.5
WIDTH OF TOE : (L3 = 0.3L TO 2/3L)
L3= 0.72 TO 1.600 w= 41.20 kPa W1

H1 =
h1 1.6

3.6
=

H=
β = 10.0 °
WS2

WS1
P2
P3 P1 P4

H2 = 1.1

H4 = 1.1

H5 = 0.0

H3 = 0.5
W2

ɣwh4= 10.79 kN/m 2

ɣh1= 51.8 kN/m 2
ɣH2= 39.7 kN/m 2
ɣH3= 13.2
F = µRy

= 0.4
d

- GIVEN PROPERTIES : L1= 1.2 L2= 0.3 L3= 0.9

SOIL : LIMESTONE CONCRETE & WATER : L= 2.40
ɣsoil = 26.49 kN/m3 ɣconc. = 24.0 kN/m3
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION (µ) : ɣw = 9.81 kN/m3
µ = 0.55 fmin = 0
ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION : fmax = 10.79 Ry

Ø = 30.0 ° fw
COEFFICIENT OF SOIL (ka) : x

ka = ; α = 90 ° ; = 0.75
δ= 0° = 1.00
= 1.00
ka = 0.374 (ACTIVE PRESSURE) = 2.01

- for P1 : - for W1 : - for WS1 :

P1 = kaɣH2 W1 = ɣconc.(HxL2) WS1 = ɣsoil(H2xL1)
P1 = 14.85 kN W1 = 25.9 kN WS1 = 35.0 kN

- for P2 : - for W2 : - for WS2 :

P2 = kaɣh1 W2 = ɣconc.(Lxd) WS2 = ɣsoil(H3xL3)
P1 = 30.11 kN W2 = 23.0 kN WS2 = 11.9 kN

- for P3 : (Hydro) - for fw :

P 3 = ɣ wH 4 fw = 10.79 kN
P3 = 10.79 kN

- for P4 : (Passive Earth)

P4 = kpɣH3
P4 = 4.949 kN

- for RM (RIGHTING MOMENT) : - for OM (OVER-TURNING MOMENT) :

RM = 162.9820 kN.m OM = 55.1833 kN.m

- CHECK FOR STABILITY: - CHECK FOR AGAINST SLIDING:

RM F
F.S. = F.S. = ;
OM PTOTAL Ry = 85.05 kN

F.S. = 2.953 > 1.5 PTOTAL = 50.79 kN

∴ SAFE!
F.S. = 0.92093 < 1.5

∴ NOT SAFE!
 W1 + W2 + WS1 + WS2 = 95.8 kN
- DESIGN OF BASE SHEAR KEY :
P1 + P2 + P3 = 100.34 kN
COEFFICIENT OF SOIL (ka) :

d1 = 0.30 d = 0.40
kp =

0.70
W3
F P4

H2 =
α= 90 ° Ø= 30 °

δ= 0° β= 10 ° f3 = 10.79 RY
ɣH= 18.5409 kN/m2
= 0.75 L1= 1.2 L2= 0.3 L3= 0.9
= 1 L= 2.40

= 1
- for P4 : (Passive Earth) - for W2 :
P4 = kpɣH3 W2 = ɣconc.(L2xd1)
= 0.184
P4 = 76 kN W2 = 2.2 kN

ka = 4.080 (PASSIVE PRESSURE)

- CHECK FOR AGAINST SLIDING:
F
F.S. = ;
PTOTAL Ry = 87.211 kN
F = µRy = 47.97 kN
PTOTAL = 24.68 kN

F.S. = 1.94 > 1.5

∴ SAFE!

- DESIGN OF SPRING CONSTANT FOR STAAD MODELING :

𝐺𝐵/(2(1−υ)) [3.1(𝐿/𝐵)^0.75+1.6] 𝐸/2(1+υ) E = 1E+07 kPa

KV = ; G= ;
υ = 0.25
G= 4000000.0 kPa
KV1 = 7189374.6956 kN/m
L1 = 0.25 m B = 1.0 m
L2 = 0.500 m (CONSIDER 1m STRIP)
KV2 = 9182056.0753 kN/m
L3 = 0.5 m

2
L4 = 0.5 m
KV3 = 9182056.0753 kN/m
L5 = 0.25 m
KV4 = 9182056.0753 kN/m

KV5 = 7189374.6956 kN/m

KHY1
𝐺𝐵/(2(2−υ)) [6.8(𝐿/𝐵)^0.65+2.4]

0.5
KHx =
H1 = 0.25 m
H2 = 0.5 m KHY2
H3 =
0.5

KHx1 = 5899037.883 kN/m 0.45 m

2
KHY2
KHx2 = 7695435.5804 kN/m KHx2 = 7367614.9439645
0.5

𝐾 + (0.80 𝐺𝐵)/2(2−υ) (𝐿/𝐵 −1) KHY2

KHy1 = 𝐻𝑥
0.5

KHy1 = 5213323.5973 kN/m

KV1 KV2 KV2 KV3 KV4 KV5
KHy2 = 7238292.7233 kN/m
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
KHy2 = 6864757.8011 kN/m

2.50

〖𝐺𝐵〗 ^3/(8(1−υ)) [3.2(𝐿/𝐵)^0.75+0.8]

KHy2 =

4774777.22
LOAD 5 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 1
REPEAT LOAD
1 1.4
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 6 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 2
REPEAT LOAD
1 1.2 3 1.6
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 7 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 3
REPEAT LOAD
1 1.4 4 1.4
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 8 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 4
REPEAT LOAD
1 1.2 4 1.2 3 1.6
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 9 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 5
REPEAT LOAD
1 1.2 2 1.6 3 1.6
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 10 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 6
REPEAT LOAD
1 1.2 2 1.0
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 11 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 7
REPEAT LOAD
1 1.2 4 1.2 3 1.6 2 1.6
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE