Appendix 831

APPENDIX 18 Stress Concentration Factors

3.0 Tension
smax
Kt = s
nom
F F F
2.6 snom =
Amin
d 2
r
2.2 Amin = pd
D 4
Kt
1.8

1.1 D/d = 2.0

1.4 1.2
1.01
1.0
0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.28
r/d

Figure A18–1 Stepped round bar in tension

3.4 Tension
Thickness = t smax
Kt = s
F F nom
3.0
snom = F
h Amin
r
2.6
H Amin = th

Kt 2.2

1.8 H/h = 2.0

1.2
1.4 1.1
1.01
1.0
0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.28
r/h

Figure A18–2 Stepped flat plate in tension

11.0

10.0 F F
d
9.0 D
F F
8.0 Basic geometry sgross = =
A pD2/4
7.0
smax = Ktg sgross
Ktg 6.0

5.0
Note: Ktg is based on the nominal stress in a
4.0 round bar without a hole (gross section).

3.0

2.0

1.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
d/D

Figure A18–3 Round bar with a transverse hole in tension

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 832 Appendix

Curve A
Direct tension
5.0 on plate
Thickness = t
F F
snom = =
Anet (w – d)t

d
4.0 w

F F = total load
Basic geometry
Plate carries uniform tensile load throughout.
Kt 3.0
A B smax Curve B
Kt = s Tension-load
nom
applied through
a pin in the hole
F F
snom = =
2.0 Anet (w – d)t

1.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Plate carries uniform tensile load on one side;
d/w load is applied by a pin in the hole.

Figure A18–4 Flat plate with a central hole in tension

Bending in the plane

2.0 of the plate
Mc M 6Mw
snom = =
Kt Inet Snet (w3 – d3)t

1.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
M M
d/w
Note: Kt = 1.0 for d/w < 0.5 t = Thickness of the plate.

Figure A18–5 Flat plate with a central hole in bending

3.0 Bending s
Kt = smax
nom
2.6
snom = Mc = M
I S
M d M
2.2 r 3
D/d = 2.00 D S = pd
Kt 32
1.20
1.8

1.05
1.4
1.1

1.0
0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.28
r/d

Figure A18–6 Stepped round bar in bending

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