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2. (1 pt)
Library/TCNJ/TCNJ
MatrixEquations/problem4.pg
• A. linearly dependent
3 -3 4 -1 • B. linearly independent
Let A = -3 -1 -1 and x = 2 .
-4 -5 3 5
If they are linearly dependent, determine a non-trivial linear re-
? 1. What does Ax mean? lation. Otherwise, if the vectors are linearly independent, enter
Correct Answers: 0’s for the coefficients, since that relationship always holds.
• Linear combination of the columns of A A+ B+ C = 0.
Correct Answers:
3. (1 pt) Library/WHFreeman/Holt linear algebra/Chaps 1-4-
/2.2.57.pg • C
• A
Assume {u1 , u2 , u3 } spans R3 . • 2; -1; 1
Select the best statement.
5. (1 pt) local/Library/TCNJ/TCNJ BasesLinearlyIndependentSet-
• A. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } spans R3 unless u4 is a scalar multi- /3.pg
ple of another vector in the set. Check the true statements below:
• B. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } never spans R3 .
• C. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } spans R3 unless u4 is the zero vector.
• D. There is no easy way to determine if {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } • A. The columns of an invertible n × n matrix form a
spans R3 . basis for Rn .
• E. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } always spans R3 . • B. If B is an echelon form of a matrix A, then the pivot
• F. none of the above columns of B form a basis for ColA.
• C. The column space of a matrix A is the set of solutions
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
of Ax = b.
lution after due date. )
• D. If H = Span{b1 , ..., b p }, then {b1 , ..., b p } is a basis
for H.
SOLUTION
• E. A basis is a spanning set that is as large as possible.
The span of {u1 , u2 , u3 } is a subset of the span of
{u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 }, so {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } always spans R3 . Correct Answers:
Correct Answers: • A
• E
1
SOLUTION
6. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/4.1.23.pg Using the Rank-Nullity theorem, if the dimensions of A is n
x m, rank(A) = m - nullity(A) = 9 - 5 = 4
1 0 −7
Find the null space for A = .
0 1 −4 Correct Answers:
What is null(A)?
• I
1 0
8. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/HW8 5.pg
• A. span 0 , 1
Findthe determinant of the matrix
+7 +4
-5 0 0 0
+4 7 1 0 0
• B. span A =
+7 -8 7 2 0 .
• C. R2 -6 8 1 -6
+7 det (A) =
• D. span +4
1
• A. -400
+4
• B. -360
• E. span +7
• C. -288
1
• D. -120
+7
• F. span • E. 0
+4
• F. 120
• G. R3 • G. 60
• H. none of the above • H. 240
. • I. 360
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so- • J. 400
lution after due date. ) • K. None of those above
SOLUTION
A is row reduced. The basis of the null space has one ele- Correct Answers:
ment for each column without a leading one in the row reduced
• G
matrix.
Thus Ax = 0 has a one dimentional null space,
1−7
If A is an m × n matrix and if the equation Ax = b is incon-
sistent for some b in Rm , then A cannot have a pivot position in
and thus, null(A) is the subspace generated by 1 − 4.
1 every row.
Correct Answers:
• D • A. True
• B. False
7. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/HW7 12.pg
Suppose that A is a 8 × 9 matrix which has a null space of di-
mension 5. The rank of A=
Correct Answers:
• A. -4
• A
• B. -3
• C. -2 If the equation Ax = b is inconsistent, then b is not in the set
• D. -1 spanned by the columns of A.
• E. 0
• F. 1
• G. 2 • A. True
• H. 3 • B. False
• I. 4
• J. none of the above
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so- Correct Answers:
lution after due date. ) • A
2
Correct Answers:
11. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/volume1.pg
• E
Find
the volume
of the parallelepiped
determined by vectors
−5 0 −3
0 , 2 , and 5 14. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/problem7.pg
−3 0 2
A and B are n × n matrices.
• A. 38
• B. -5 Adding a multiple of one row to another does not affect the
• C. -4 determinant of a matrix.
• D. -2
• E. -1
• A. True
• F. 0
• B. False
• G. 1
• H. 3
• I. 5
• J. 7
• K. None of those above If the columns of A are linearly dependent, then detA = 0.
• A. True
Correct Answers: • B. False
• A
Thevectors
• A. -4 -4 2 2
• B. -3 v = 11 , u = -4 , and w = -5 .
• C. -2 -10 9 +k 4
• D. -1 are linearly independent if and only if k 6= .
• E. 0
• F. 1 Correct Answers:
• G. 2 • -7
• H. 3
24. (1 pt) Library/Rochester/setLinearAlgebra23QuadraticForms-
• I. 4
/ur la 23 2.pg
• J. 5
Find the eigenvalues of the matrix
Correct Answers:
• I 5 55
M= .
55 5
Suppose A is a 5 × 3 matrix. Then nul A is a subspace of Rk
where k = Enter the two eigenvalues, separated by a comma:
• A. -4
• B. -3
• C. -2
• D. -1 Classify the quadratic form Q(x) = xT Ax :
• E. 0
• F. 1 • A. Q(x) is indefinite
• G. 2 • B. Q(x) is positive definite
4
• C. Q(x) is negative semidefinite
• D. Q(x) is negative definite 27. (1 pt) Library/WHFreeman/Holt linear algebra/Chaps 1-4-
• E. Q(x) is positive semidefinite /2.3.42.pg
Correct Answers:
• -50, 60
Let A be a matrix with more columns than rows.
• A Select the best statement.
25. (1 pt) Library/Rochester/setLinearAlgebra23QuadraticForms-
• A. The columns of A could be either linearly dependent
/ur la 23 3.pg
or linearly independent depending on the case.
The matrix
• B. The columns of A are linearly independent, as long
-2.5 -1.5 0
A = -1.5 -2.5 0 as they does not include the zero vector.
0 0 2 • C. The columns of A are linearly independent, as long
has three distinct eigenvalues, λ1 < λ2 < λ3 , as no column is a scalar multiple of another column in
λ1 = , A
λ2 = , • D. The columns of A must be linearly dependent.
λ3 = . • E. none of the above
Classify the quadratic form Q(x) = xT Ax : Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
lution after due date. )
• A. Q(x) is negative definite
• B. Q(x) is positive semidefinite SOLUTION
• C. Q(x) is negative semidefinite Since there are more columns than rows, when we row re-
• D. Q(x) is positive definite duce the matrix not all columns can have a leading 1.
• E. Q(x) is indefinite The columns of A must be linearly dependent.
Correct Answers: Correct Answers:
• -4 • D
• -1 28. (1 pt) Library/WHFreeman/Holt linear algebra/Chaps 1-4-
• 2
/2.3.46.pg
• E
26. (1 pt) Library/TCNJ/TCNJ BasesLinearlyIndependentSet- Let {u1 , u2 , u3 } be a linearly dependent set of vectors.
/problem5.pg Select the best statement.
1 1 1
Let W1 be the set: 0 , 1 , 1 .
• A. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is a linearly independent set of vec-
0 0 1
3 tors unless u4 is a linear combination of other vectors
Determine if W1 is a basis for R and check the correct an- in the set.
swer(s) below. • B. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } could be a linearly independent or
linearly dependent set of vectors depending on the vec-
• A. W1 is not a basis because it does not span R3 . tors chosen.
• B. W1 is not a basis because it is linearly dependent. • C. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is always a linearly dependent set of
• C. W1 is a basis. vectors.
• D. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is a linearly independent set of vec-
tors unless u4 = 0.
1 0 0 • E. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is always a linearly independent set
Let W2 be the set: 0 , 0 , 1 . of vectors.
1 0 0 • F. none of the above
Determine if W2 is a basis for R3 and check the correct an- Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
swer(s) below. lution after due date. )
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so- Indicate whether the following statement is true or false.
lution after due date. )
? 1. If A and B are equivalent matrices, then col(A) = col(
SOLUTION B).
If the zero vector cannot be written as a nontrivial linear com- Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
bination of a vectors in a smaller set, then it is also not a nontriv- lution after due date. )
ial combination of vectors in a proper subset of those vectors.
{u1 , u2 , u3 } is always a linearly independent set of vectors. SOLUTION:
Correct Answers: 2 3 4 2 3 4
FALSE. Consider A = and B =
• A 2 3 4 0 0 0
Correct Answers:
30. (1 pt) Library/WHFreeman/Holt linear algebra/Chaps 1-4- • F
/4.1.27.pg 32. (1 pt) Library/maCalcDB/setLinearAlgebra3Matrices/ur la 3 6.pg
1 7
If A and B are 3 × 2 matrices, and C is a 6 × 3 matrix, which of
Find the null space for A = 3 7 .
the following are defined?
−4 −7
What is null(A)?
• A. AC
• B. CA
• A. R3
• C. CT
• B. R2
7 • D. AT CT
• C. span • E. A + B
1 • F. C + B
1
• D. span 3 Correct Answers:
• BCDE
−4
0 33. (1 pt) UI/DIAGtfproblem1.pg
• E. span 0 A, P and D are n × n matrices.
0
0 Check the true statements below:
• F.
0
−7 • A. If A is invertible, then A is diagonalizable.
• G. span
1 • B. A is diagonalizable if and only if A has n eigenvalues,
1 counting multiplicities.
• H. span
7 • C. If A is diagonalizable, then A has n distinct eigenval-
• I. none of the above ues.
. • D. A is diagonalizable if A has n distinct eigenvectors.
6
• E. A is diagonalizable if A has n distinct linearly inde- -9 -8 -3
• F. , ,
pendent eigenvectors. 6 -2 -7
• F. If A is symmetric, then A is orthogonally diagonaliz- Correct Answers:
able. • A
• G. If A is diagonalizable, then A is invertible. • AB
• H. If A is diagonalizable, then A is symmetric. 35. (1 pt) UI/orthog.pg
• I. A is diagonalizable if A = PDP−1 for some diagonal All vectors and subspaces are in Rn .
matrix D and some invertible matrix P.
• J. If A is symmetric, then A is diagonalizable. Check the true statements below:
• K. If A is orthogonally diagonalizable, then A is sym-
metric.
• A. If A is symmetric, Av = rv, Aw = sw and r 6= s, then
• L. If there exists a basis for Rn consisting entirely of
v·w = 0 .
eigenvectors of A, then A is diagonalizable.
• B. If W = Span{x1 , x2 , x3 } and if {v1 , v2 , v3 } is an or-
• M. If AP = PD, with D diagonal, then the nonzero
thonormal set in W , then {v1 , v2 , v3 } is an orthonormal
columns of P must be eigenvectors of A.
basis for W .
Correct Answers: • C. If Av = rv and Aw = sw and r 6= s, then v · w = 0 .
• EFIJKLM • D. If x is not in a subspace W , then x − projW (x) is not
34. (1 pt) UI/Fall14/lin span2.pg zero.
• E. If {v1 , v2 , v3 } is an orthonormal set, then the set
Which of the following sets of vectors span R3 ? {v1 , v2 , v3 } is linearly independent.
• F. In a QR factorization, say A = QR (when A has lin-
early independent columns), the columns of Q form an
-7 2 -5
orthonormal basis for the column space of A.
• A. 0 , 3 , 4
• G. If v and w are both eigenvectors of A and if A is
6 8 9
symmetric, then v · w = 0 .
1 -6
• B. , Correct Answers:
9 -1 • ABDEF
0 8
• C. ,
0 36. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/2.3.49.pg
2
8 6 14
• D. 3 , -8 , -5 Let u4 be a linear combination of {u1 , u2 , u3 }.
Select the best statement.
-9 -2 -11
6 3
• E. ,
• A. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } could be a linearly dependent or lin-
14 7
-9 -8 -3 early independent set of vectors depending on the vec-
• F. , , tors chosen.
6 -2 -7
• B. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is never a linearly independent set of
vectors.
• C. {u1 , u2 , u3 } is a linearly dependent set of vectors.
Which of the following sets of vectors are linearly indepen- • D. {u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is always a linearly independent set
dent? of vectors.
• E. {u1 , u2 , u3 } is a linearly dependent set of vectors un-
-7 2 -5 less one of {u1 , u2 , u3 } is the zero vector.
• A. 0 , 3 , 4 • F. {u1 , u2 , u3 } is never a linearly dependent set of vec-
6 8 9 tors.
1 -6 • G. none of the above
• B. ,
-1
9 Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
0 8 lution after due date. )
• C. ,
0 2
8 6 14 SOLUTION
• D. 3 , -8 , -5 If u4 = a1 u1 + a2 u2 + a3 u3 , then
-9 -2 -11 0 = a1 u1 + a2 u2 + a3 u3 − u4
6 3 ”{u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 } is never a linearly independent set of vec-
• E. ,
14 7 tors.”
7
Correct Answers: 1 1 0 7 1 1 0 7
2 4 x 21 ∼ 0 2 x 7
• B
1 7 6 28 0 6 6 21
37. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/HW7 6.pg Since two pivots are needed, x = 2
Correct Answers:
If A is an n × n matrix and b 6= 0 in Rn , then consider the set • G
of solutions to Ax = b. 39. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/HW8 7.pg
Select true or false for each statement. Suppose that a 4 × 4 matrix A with rows v1 , v2 , v3 , and v4 has
The set contains the zero vector determinant det A = 6. Find the following determinants:
• A. True
v1
• B. False v2
B = 9v3 det (B) =
This set is closed under vector addition
• A. True v4
• B. False • A. -18
This set is closed under scalar multiplications • B. -15
• A. True • C. -12
• B. False • D. 54
• E. -9
This set is a subspace
• F. 0
• A. True • G. 9
• B. False • H. 12
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so- • I. 15
lution after due date. ) • J. 18
• K. None of those above
SOLUTION
A0 = 0 6= b, so the zero vector is not in the set and it is not a v4
subspace. v3
C =
v2 det (C) =
Correct Answers:
• B v1
• B
• B
• A. -18
• B • B. 6
• C. -9
38. (1 pt) local/Library/UI/Fall14/HW7 11.pg • D. -3
Find allvalues of x for which rank(A) = 2. • E. 0
1 1 0 7 • F. 3
A = 2 4 x 21 • G. 9
1 7 6 28 • H. 12
x= • I. 18
• A. -4 • J. None of those above
• B. -3
• C. -2
• D. -1 v1 + 3v3
• E. 0 v2
D =
• F. 1 v3
• G. 2 v4
• H. 3 det (D) =
• I. 4
• J. none of the above • A. -18
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so- • B. 6
lution after due date. ) • C. -9
• D. -3
SOLUTION: • E. 0
Row reduce A to get: • F. 3
8
• G. 9 • G. 0.333
• H. 12 • H. 0.5
• I. 18 • I. None of those above
• J. None of those above
3. A + 9In , eigenvalue =
Correct Answers: • A. -8
• D • B. -4
• B • C. -5
• B • D. 0
A vector b is a linear combination of the columns of a ma- • E. 2
trix A if and only if the equation Ax = b has at least one solution. • F. 4
• G. 10
• A. True • H. None of those above
• B. False
4. 6A, eigenvalue =
Thus we need 2 linearly independent eigenvectors from the Suppose A = PDP−1 . Then if dii are the diagonal entries of
eigenspace corresponding to the other eigenvalue 3. The eigen- D, d11 =,
value 3 has algebraic multiplicity 2. Let E = dimension of the
eigenspace corresponding eigenvalue 3. Then 1 ≤ E ≤ 2. But
we can easily see that the Nullspace of A − 3I has dimension 1.
• A. -4
• B. -3
• C. -2
• D. -1
Thus we do not have enough linearly independent eigenvec-
• E. 0
tors to form P. Hence A is not diagonalizable.
• F. 1
Correct Answers:
• G. 2
• B • H. 3
• I. 4
−5 −18 −9
• J. 5
Let A = 0 1 3 . Is A = diagonalizable?
0 0 −5 Hint: (Instructor hint preview: show the student hint after 0
attempts. The current number of attempts is 0. )
Use definition of eigenvalue since you know an eigenvector cor-
• A. yes responding to eigenvalue d11 .
• B. no Correct Answers:
• C. none of the above • H
Solution: (Instructor solution preview: show the student so-
2.55555555555556 5
lution after due date. ) Calculate the determinant of .
5 9
SOLUTION
Note that since the matrix is triangular, the eigenvalues are • A. -4
the diagonal elements -5 and 1. Since A is a 3 x 3 matrix, we • B. -3
need 3 linearly independent eigenvectors. Since 1 has algebraic • C. -2
multiplicity 1, it has geometric multiplicity 1 (the dimension of • D. -1
its eigenspace is 1). Thus we can only use one eigenvector from • E. 0
the eigenspace corresponding to eigenvalue 1 to form P. • F. 1
• G. 2
• H. 3
• I. 4
Thus we need 2 linearly independent eigenvectors from the • J. 5
eigenspace corresponding to the other eigenvalue -5. The eigen- Correct Answers:
value -5 has algebraic multiplicity 2. Let E = dimension of the
• C
eigenspace corresponding eigenvalue -5. Then 1 ≤ E ≤ 2. But
we can easily see that the Nullspace of A + 5I has dimension 2.
5 −10
Suppose A 4 = −8 . Then an eigenvalue of A
−1 2
is
Thus we have 3 linearly independent eigenvectors which we
can use to form the square matrix P. Hence A is diagonalizable.
Correct Answers:
• A. -4
• A • B. -3
• C. -2
3.55384615384615 −0.138461538461538 2.15604395604396
• D. -1
Let A = 3.13846153846154 2.21538461538462 −4.90549450549451
• E. 0
6.46153846153846 −1.61538461538462 −3.50769230769231
• F. 1
12
• G. 2
• H. 3
• I. 4 • A. -4
• J. none of the above • B. -3
Correct Answers: • C. -2
• C • D. -1
• E. 0
Suppose u and v are eigenvectors of A with eigenvalue 2 and • F. 1
w is an eigenvector of A with eigenvalue 3. Determine which • G. 2
of the following are eigenvectors of A and their corresponding • H. 3
eigenvalues. • I. 4
• J. 7u + 4w need not be an eigenvector of A
Correct Answers:
(a.) If 4v an eigenvector of A, determine its eigenvalue. Else • G
state it is not an eigenvector of A. • G
• J
If the characteristic polynomial of A = (λ + 6)1 (λ − 7)2 (λ +
• A. -4 6)2 , then the algebraic multiplicity of λ = 7 is
• B. -3
• C. -2
• D. -1
• A. 0
• E. 0
• B. 1
• F. 1
• C. 2
• G. 2
• D. 3
• H. 3
• E. 0 or 1
• I. 4
• F. 0 or 2
• J. 4v need not be an eigenvector of A
• G. 1 or 2
• H. 0, 1, or 2
• I. 0, 1, 2, or 3
• J. none of the above
(b.) If 7u + 4v an eigenvector of A, determine its eigenvalue.
Correct Answers:
Else state it is not an eigenvector of A.
• C
If the characteristic polynomial of A = (λ − 4)5 (λ + 3)2 (λ −
• A. -4 1)8 ,then the geometric multiplicity of λ = −3 is
• B. -3
• C. -2
• D. -1 • A. 0
• E. 0 • B. 1
• F. 1 • C. 2
• G. 2 • D. 3
• H. 3 • E. 0 or 1
• I. 4 • F. 0 or 2
• J. 7u + 4v need not be an eigenvector of A • G. 1 or 2
• H. 0, 1, or 2
• I. 0, 1, 2, or 3
• J. none of the above
(c.) If 7u + 4w an eigenvector of A, determine its eigenvalue. Correct Answers:
Else state it is not an eigenvector of A. • G
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13