9007, \ pO gS £3 €26SZE680 - 8019026060 23 7 wos'coyphasederyau = C UA UUAWOYBsEdeIYAL WUIW IUD OH “di BuAP ADX OS SOP WII Oud d3IH NYA NZANON ‘SL 'SOd : UbOS IenBN ONY! OVS VHN NYS 13” "3@ NJANHO HNIW IHD QH “dl ONAG AYX 10H~ Vaid bebalbap boy wd wy wal — 50K, Luigi bau ng ACcAIN = Weaacle i i wd 09/06/06 HUONG‘. NHUNG VAN BE CHUAN B] CHO “HOI NHAP" VA THIET KE NHA CAO TANGY UChiing chi hanh nghé (CCHN): PE, PA + C4e Hoi nghé nghlep chuyén ngdnh eéip v8 pha hi hay vi BG XAy dung eéP fp tung va don gida nhuthign nay. + Pndi ed CCHN, met ding ten. Chi nhigm dn (Chi hit k6 ede phén meng. thugng tng) ‘nam fe hit ké hi khong cn) + Tang Wy, ce Neu chun hit K6, 8 do cae HOI nghé nghiép nghién clu, bar hank va kinh doa Corte VL rhung Khong e6 CCHN, chi 1a "han lm", vé nguyén tée, Khong ge tet ke Ri 38 €9 CCHN vb dy toa, dng bude ich nhigm tude x8 hi (OS). Phéi mua be higm nghé nghiép, cho doonn nghige C8 CCHN, co con ad iéng; duge quyén hinh thanh phap nan doe Hep, hoy 6p céng ty. Giam dée coanh nghigp bi vén xBy ding, BhSi c® CCHN (Chi ich BGT thi théng 4). Con du a8 duge dong véo cae bin vé, huse Khi xuGt xuing. PA, PE #8 ehiu tach nhigm chin. tinny chi iuong tv anon nea hign nay, dé xée din nuéng “chuyén” phu hap. Cae yeu edu khde, chudin bj hoi nhép: + team eh edn quyém phén mer, + Tusséng tae phn mém chuyér ngénh cho don vi minh fién dn kinh doonh, nf 6 m6. + Co nhing doanh nghigp Kz vtin hogt dna chuyém naan (KT, KC, M-E, CIN, DY toGn va hap ébng kink 16 cang 6 thé tach ro fing ehuyén nganh; khong Kam tron got: de bigt d5i vet Nhung ay nln. “+ Chi phi véin: tinh theo bien, nau. dé c6 oid i hop ang Iu véin. Gia tH chi 'Bhi hi vdn phi inh ding. tinh di, tinh theo kink nghibm, chat Mrgng ckh6ng TNE theo%) + Dy loan, ting 6 tod la don a6 Idina hop, ¢& cho hi Ké Id du tne. + Phan bigt leu chucin ii nguyén va tity chudn pS bude ap ang. 186i vi céng thinh Khéng 32 dng vén ng s6ch, e6e teu chudn 1a NY RguVeN {6p dung Ih €6 thé dng teu chudn eda nude ngosi, tn tn hon, A nang ‘ea0 chai lugng sén phd. i vei cna tinh sil dung vén naan séch, néu mudn ding fu chudn nude ‘ngosi, phd xin phép 86 Xay dung (quel dinh 05/8X0,/2008), To led hus ~ Ua hung cao VN « Tornony sti 4 i teva lik. 5 Wat is ey * Baatocen ©Syoirho lune tat —) Rabie Wide Dow Wren —) Duan, daly fb abt — Pasind Ue 09/06/06 + Cam k6 hye bea nap ng dung tén a6, co chat ng Wy du . : * TY én thdim tte thigt k& phdi co trach nhiém cu thé XG¢ dinh dude, khong Nagas ful, I 2 chang chang rutin ny ‘hl a8 fod ulation * Tn dn din nha théu Mc hign Wuén bude Mist Ké' ban ve Ini cong (shop Ff gp eat Geowina), 6 © phuong sn iil Ks 161 ws, du thu C6ng du thst KE Im | dds Tu vaais Hawes he ‘cong: EPC, ck. + Tin én dn cde CCHN Ky su ASEAN, ky suAPEC * Vide chi ion sudt.x, ching tol vét iu phd disc xem 8 cuong ahi, do ‘dn chat veg c&ng tinh, bu + Céng Ke hada hin céna tinh edn die xem tong hah, aude Wy 81 non * Nang cao dn, Wd du. ent Mong 6, ct, e6! hip. de Bist to mode dB lin cia dé, eat cung cop, + Tuvtin 6 kd, du thu lng 8,2 chi 96 ais Mung eh + Tudng, phat trong host dong aay dung dé phd nghlém minh, chat ché, o@ {edict nhlem Wed ch he @' bag v8 cust dat De A IN Céc yéu céu vé thiét ké nha cao tang, edn luu y ty déu: + Phin bit lang phi va an ted trong ng tinh: déc bist la ké? co {ang phi és qua Sd.inén chon 3.05» 3.1, do eee dé bi ch tim, ki én. ‘hing nérn thié) Ke “ruona” coe (b6 ti coe day dc), dé gay su e6 cong tinh ln e@n, dé gy coe: ede ege p sau kndng xuting dude: Bén uns 16 chiu dil coc kéo thom 1 = Sm/tim, véo dt 181 6 mo, sue chi tt 6 tang lent dang ké.higu qué coo! (Cén phan ich tinh kha thir hon, 6 vb eng nh £8 #8 King hd la, ma lai si dung e9e ép cho ede et C6 thé tim hanh thd 131 e9e rude, a kndng din phueNG Gn Mist KE Ke 66. Coe thi tdi c6 th thd hs Noa! (eanh céng enh) nb e8 KéU ibn, Chie 1 9€ ép cho maitim e6t, van phdi ed dat coe! Fay f Ne Buc a wes bi aut toe ea (an(ve lobo 201 Wa oo ie me t i Pg ole2-354 G- C ja2-asx t ao oa oa QO Oo chu TA0 Coc eaRRETTES (2) BANG 101 GOe (Ce 2008300 1S : 101 oh von 08 2-394 tal MOT CACH NEO (NSITHEP) COC VAO BAL 09/06/0609/06/06 NEO VAO BA THEP COG NOI THEM (AL DAP QUA i PHAN COG PHI weeabe Setnwebeavawsnsnn ee ibeSdadeae: Seamer ae repearonetea! EEReee09/06/06 1+ Ban ve tit ké ph ain 1 Viti coe thd, céch hd (neu chue th: ehibu dl ege td le €p Prax, Prin. Cen thi cong mb n6i ege ~ 88 Igch tim méi coe 4 han cho phép (5 + 10cm, tay F) — Nhaing vein dB Kinde cén théng nha (a kin) ty vn thst Ke. + Khoon mé! cho ege: CChikhoan eye be & nhung ving dei duce knoanh la "c6 véin 6". = hag duge khoan “dol 3", vi énh hung cia dung kinh hi kh veo sve ehlu tél ela coe cha dice nahién city dy dis 1c en kém cham tien ich thud hi, 69 s€u Khoon, phi xée dint that ey thé. ~ Koon, 6 song, vé nguyén te phat thi to coe, vi nguyén Wy Kim vibe 46 €6 may 6 ‘ign ngh: bon ché at ung yen TT Ay ic bolt 3.Coe nhéi: + 1@ 2 600 (nhé han. eh knoan dBy gigng hay coe Abi git Veh hm, ending So ki thi cong = khing duge si dng cho he chive, Khi chua 66 ed 22 koa hoe «8 rang) + Nén i ung edna loa! véng kinh coe cho phueng dn tht ke. cang 6h + Vé nguyen 16, pha dot Sng do (sieu Gm) cho i 6 cae cos, Vé sou, chon 9¢ si6u 4m. Khéng nén dB! Sng 66 & nhing coe chi cin SB, vi nhs NS hi cong 66 thé 34 cht quon, + Phuong én coe ni, long mol tung hep, déu dét hon coc ép. Nhung 66 rng cong tinh aha ceo ting. coc ép c6 sue chu tdi Khong en, x tim coe {60.nhiéu, coc nhdi fa kd th hon. Tuy nhién,hién nay, ¢6 nhiéu con vst 1 dang “lam dung” coe nh + Tk-ege nha tin tide ho, + Chét eng e9e nhdi, khd dim béo cao, do thi céng phe top; hay 36 bé {ong vé du: lam sach méi coe nh ¥ musi 16 Khéng dé... nén phuong én {hig k6 coc andi hung €6 “a6 an to@n” coo. + MBi coe nhSi C6 ste chi 16 In, nén chon od ekimst cos. “Ad Keng phir ‘cng €00, Tusng ty E9¢ 6. nén tinh dn phuong én Keo cai hem mé tim Wy 1+ 3m nia, sUe chi 6! coo ner mh va 6 Bat im coe hen. fet tener! bv Ns Toned oxen 7 BT ds var las vt eu Klay ei ~ Ver tu) fede VI Guo cum wT fs us Ol ile ce ya ‘abned ol dyroniatin al 10cAu TAO COC NHGt [1] nang doan phia tn cing eta eee nh, ehé} higng bé tong khéng coo hal dd bé, 2 vay eG huang use tinh husing nay rong Ihiat ke, dae BiB (461 v6i coe thi ‘CO hep tong Ege nnslhueng Int Ke 16 du, cn Kem x61 KF hon Kh thy ign ban v8 thi6tké thi cng, ‘Coc nhdi khoan sau, £6 thé 15 Khoon bisa. lm gi dima sat cus coe da knoan (v@ dé Dé tong tude), cén Kas ¥ Nb Chi (305 » 3.1). KhOng nén si dung d+ im, mu kh coc Ié ege ehéng wa 6 thi nghlem dy di Coe nib kh dé bé tena, di bentonite gid vach 16, c6 thé dé yéu xuNg, ‘quonh thon e9e db btn dang | phén, rng hon kr dS bé tong, Bo tong kendng thé “may ch" duge, am ehét lang ege knéng cao, ma sat khong ny, Khong nén dung coe nhéi, néu chon ai6i phap thi cong 16 TOP-DOWN va ‘Be Bi kh 40, 6Ong nh gle nhidu tdng nam Néu tvét ka coe ahd, dal e9e Ig lé dai be, e6n nghién edu rude céch d6 6 ng 36 chéing ail do nid, Khl be tong dng eung. 6 vei nna cao ting. tuy dé 16, nhung c9e ép khang Iné ép xuBng due ‘knng kd th, th phuong an ege nh ducng anién duge quan tam Kn cot chicé 1 soe nhdi, vin pha e6 di 68 tang a6 cung, 09/06/06 lefretairg ah elton a fei. ie tee Peete rb fete lio oben ACh "14 69e bart * denim i. 10. ting coe md CHANGE Ia Ken ne ln han beh ch Co nahin e017 toh Neh ge cee ude gu 3 edna Inala op apn le unger 8 ang + bsive vac nim ids bane chiu da arate co né hgh ee Done ove coal wacnv tein edna cosing Bonet ere. co meng Smeaton: bovete den A in eh eh moony Dust 2 voc bh hi bares C1 oy du Brain wn Phdi c6 dai, Barto 2 iW 2-26, at cng aise Oy 1 cach nk Certo teng nv i mba nm eo) én ng bare cs echt voo bale ch Nm 38 eh dle cng en nim aon cong + Pong on beret 1 yg ohuang hp T-DOWN ie don bate en ing oh. alain tna us 8 eh hn ona gn dng SH nn ang mn cng crue sane + Thi céng borrlte phisi cé déy a kinh nghigm, nén thusng gS thant kérm theo 1 coo, + Vn phat dat Eng Go sou ém fon be Baxele, sou dé chi dinh thyc hién siéu 6m. + Sue ehiu tdi arrette 1a rt cao, nén chi phi thi cing t6n kémm v6 hom chi knéng ln duge, 461 voi mat bang chat hep. + Bon vith céng borrette, rong nhiéu eng hop, nhan init ké borrette lun, 09/06/06 125.Ghi cn Ce shusng én méng khae (ong chin, eng chim hel dp. BhU hab cho cing Wo eu en cng Yin aay ng Gidi php C6 két Inde ast nén, a6 tang sic chiu tdi, site chju mo sat ce dt nd, khong pile ii phdp méng tlw cho céng eh He kt cu méng ede coc Phuong én nb in. hl dude EL KE né.sidns feo phuing dm dm B60 oan dng nn 61h tng MM An bs CCée e@eh th foén sic ei ict ee hin nay st nti, Kal gut tho meu. Cian xe ah vin hin @ hi ong Cae phueng phép ade dh enw 6 9 heo Ge tu chun cto Ngo My rap. co khae hou dn 3 ibe ap dng a hy Win, cng tm cho Kl gud tinh tod ty thuyét khong chinh xéc, mau thudn nha, chénh iéch nhidu, 967 ing King ch don wt KAN cs e@ au kinn nigh id phap dng coe ah ving kinh nh, BS Ws, cong sole nou, (961 pop ching so cng tin an con kong na Ném 16s hn roy, d8¢ Bf KN cng tinh e6 1,2 dng him dB en dl YEU, 30 WO phon dn dng cn np (Sheet He, dng eae Ike hap chan on Nu rinbu tng Bod, un én knot len. bay nl, c6in in ‘bangs nexco, 1, ba du xe gdm) era gag coh ox i acagtegy ve 09/06/06 13HIV! Thigt ké sdn téng hém nha cao tang: «Sa phdi cing thom gla ehiu hic v8! dei coc, ging: 16 1 bog ind he chiu Me, ikhdng thé tach 01, Do voy, edn edu too a dim béo yéu eu ney. 4+ BaIIG 6A be, 3616 san tang hm va khong edn he gidng (nhy mue MS A new) na, + Dal iéng, Két hap he gidng, cén tiét K6' a MOL én Gi chinh I dy cla sin hém va he aidng, cung vet dai, #8 42 ban day sau King hém, iam tong do cing cho sn hm, cho fodn méng, glém khd nang bl uBn; ching Kin Heh I cehsing ay nit. + Koi khdng ©6 yéu céu dec big, kndng nén inst Ke thang may ausng. an 100 ‘Gna udm thé nhs Ke d6 w€n dn knéng bi vusng "PIT" hang. nly Kh ong hon. 4+ Cdn nghién cu oid! phap hop IY a thos nude (mu, lam ve sinh) téng hm trong qué tinh si cung. TON coe 09/06/06 1409/06/06 V:Vén dé lan nén dét dap chuta c6 két xong: San ting Wet ¢knéng ném) phéi duge thiét Ke nhu sén ting. Chip nh “ring” én du6i on, vé bu dal Hb da kidng phi c6 vit, kichthuge pha hep <6 béo v8 "khodng tng” nay. rinh Bj xém hal + Nv khdng, edn san ip ude v8 cha a thet gian dt dp cB ket, mai tin Kha thi cng e6ng tinh chink + Bay 10 vn dé db pom 18 niu, KnBng nén chi quon, dc Di6t fa kh hit 6 hay sl dyng module dig hinh trong c6u tao kiéa re. VI’ Gli phép méng cho céng trinh xay chen: (faa cer ais lee ) 1+ di unde phye 16t da d9 tan eta eng Winn x4y ayng mat vé tranh Gnh hung 181 da én nhiing e&ng tinh lan cn, de biét kh cng tinh Fan ean = Khong ¢6 t8ng hém, méng d6t St con = 86 xubing e6p ahi, 8 “nha ed’ 1+ Bam béo tinh knd th, kige,kinh 1 + Cin “1” véeh hém veo tong met dogn edn thé 1) thidy deo cOng nh the 1), chip nhén véch Adm hep. Kel céuthugng ting 8 “K6y" lol sou! + Gigi phap méng (béng, bé) Ken nd thién nhién hay cu Wom, eén dim bdo iu ign mong eung, 46 ending tin khong du inn va) bt ‘wal BAD (wir) 1509/06/06 store ay cous es reas GIA PHAP COT LECH TAM VOL ‘MONG BANG THEOHALPHUONG " yesmaids pHAP COT LECH TAM 1 YOIMONG BARAETTE 1616 pha hop vél gl6 hiét méng tuyét di eng (eién dang cia meng rét nh $0 vol bigin dang eda dai nén, dp ve dt dust day méng phan bé tuyén tnt, kich hue rméng phal ra sa0 cho di d® cing, ey thé, nba man diéu kign vé chi sso san (I-poDKEbLS EL 1 - 9 m1 non ela ng au Hong ct hp duge Ade dn hao {2ng hie te mph ah fp hn, eet hon cho ed CKCU. CRNUT le ti hn ea ten tam Bt aa ch na ap dng Moon oan theo eéngthue Hye Tinton hén tt ign nghng: coe cng He chat 8 ured ene la au quy rh hn Ci kin chi wn xo Ldn, én eve BS, chor ing, conse ng. gt aitva dom gay tse uct khong ay 6. 4 bq Busy, Cee ay din v8 cis too 8! hep vn nnd md, ddd Ce mniéu pin no vb arc UL Damtnion ssa. Tent tn i Reet ot pe 66 phn v th og, e6vte@ BCT sda choaien —? phlei oe” Wbuheiyceurew co it toon, ¢ Lit aay dty Hides ee MEAG Whee _ wen “ne ie (AY hw tbo ha 19HI. Nhang n@i dung en tén tai ciia TCXO 356 : 2005: Bang ta cubng 46 déu chudin va tinh todn) eile BT, chua €6 nhung ga ‘wong ung eda 8 22 5, 827.5. Chua c@ céng hic tinh lod eu Kign nén lung tam 16 rang, Ti fodn e6iu Kibm nn LTA, van thye nghig 18 chinh Thy 16 hig noy, edu sign nén Igch tam thudna bé Mi hep ddl xing, nén cong dé xi y va gid quyst ibn yet. I, Véin dé 18 hgp FON (khi da 66 hé thing vi tinh va phén mém): 1 Hu chudn ty nguyen ap ang (C6 su lam dung may tinh: chili khéng edn thiét d6i véi nhng céng inh knéng qué ed bie! Inning gime tiéu chudn e6e muse Him tn 40 nghién ets, uy dinh, nén phat Inn, 6p dung, anh "ven dung’, sy aién, \Véin 6 xde dink gi Wi moat 181 dai han ndm trong gio tinh 181 eda TOWN 2737-95, cn hit xem 4 int ‘Gié ty hoot tang ea Neu chudn e@e nue Hien tig thudng eae hon TCYN, Phéituu tam din vie cot nb, a8! cOng néng...cho nhdng céng tinh & VN. Gi i) oat fal dng thuding x6p ai @5 + 407% gié tinh 16. Cong tinh cng ‘200 tng, khé ndng chét du, ché? di hoot Idi céna i, nén néiu tinh 1a eat tn tosn i 56 gid hoot 18 heo 5 ting), i dng nén dG déu khép; khéng cn “céch téng, each ani V6 16 ngp ti tong, theo e&e fibu chudi (xem ta ligu thom kno). neares ~~ News he ef pon wh low NA » 85 8110 (cou chuybn Nha th du Pau AS 3600 09/06/06 20IV. Vén dé dg léch tam gia cdc truc 6t cde ting: 16 gch tam ona ké them a lech tom agbuahion =, +96 6 phn mém, c&n kha! béo dé I4en tam tye €6t cBe Hang, di Hoan ehinn ae hen thudng 1a 5+ 10.em cho mBt én thay di hig 20 st Fon 80. «uu B61 vai son nm rung, DUD: khéng nén gid il ign e6t Ahiéu, theo nibu eae: khéng €6 lech Him. + kngu6 dém cis nho coo ting edna iin © 10m), dan hvdna ney cana. duce sqvcn iim, + Kah nséng nay Wen e6t bie 661, gito 1 conh khéng di. + Kétqud nahin eau NeaggpSne ndraen_mnonactsin tin 2-08 Mona dm bién tana (10%), Néi.x6! My di thn <6! nép, Mtiona dém bién chiang (56%, 16 1 nom nhing €@t gida, do nit aign Ot thay V. Vén dé vach cing va thang may: + Khéng inh kh 6 King khéng i, khéng edn wach ma nén thay BBng col + in ange Ia Nee Taran 8S, 46 vd nha eae King. hé chive Béng BICT Mi we enue Sn png denong dm) va cot Son png va wach cura Sam ping, veh ung 8 | reang cana eo asim 4 | Heong ma rong eo cna | ‘ung eng vo dm nd a pen | x» | | (Co oi eung en We (v8 690 He knung va vaen cung 6 kung va vach cUng, dm 62 yp | He 6ng theo chav va lot eung | He 6g endo tee eu viii cme L Hé be Sag Wheo chu vi va 160) 70 so ney 0 120 chung ts he 09/06/06 a# i a a o [Néu “on tam", chia lang phi, chid dy 16 hidu cue véen OD cing #6 10 (1/22 = 1/25, chitu.e60 téng,kni vach khéng thom aq chiu Wc. ‘wach (89 thom aio ehis hic, chon 11/18 = 1/20) chidu coo tin Trong moi Iona ha, phi d dB D6 tong. \Véin d8 thong may: Tuéng duge chon dé BS ti vich, i ctng sung quanh Tiong ne €a0 téng, #6 dng thang: eéch heal dgng eva thang. cum thong, e6n dige tina toan, cén nhde kV, 6& mal bang doe sis dung hu ich #81 da, Tye 18, thang may <6 181 khong lén; von te €6 fan thi cung khong dn hudng dén ste chis 161 eda nh@ cao téng, Tél xung eta thong, trong edu 190. ign nay, #8 ruven du dn ten ng eh lye quonh thang. Do véy, néu vaeh. Ii ‘cing dige B6 l quanh thang méy a au 16h I cp hin nay eda TCVN 326 : 2006 vé thi Ke nhé coo KEng: Nd We thang ch8 hang qué to; thang host hiém:; ehibu coo thong Ihiy (BO X6y eng ‘ay din 86 eo 68. 09/06/06 22CHUONG IV. NHUNG VAN bé vé KET CAU NHA CAO TANG |. Véin dé chon chéu day sdn trong nha cao King: + Nhdm théa man gi thst Ket eu (am) s€n la vach cing tong mét phéng gang, nghla 6 co d> cing twyét 46 trong mét phdng san vo mém (bién dong ‘0uge) ngodl mép san, cia ede Wy thuyél tinh 1éan nha cao Keng hién nay, dé {6 chuyén vingang & mi cao tink nha coo King la khong at + San céng cing, chu k¥ dao dong, ga We doo dong +8 gidm dim béo khong ‘uot qué gid han cho phép. Va thang thusng, néu i! “chéna! King len, mo. mBi 0m vén doe tinh toan nh | s8n-dde lap, kha nang dd cing eb gid thiét sé kinéng dm bdo uyét di ~ e8ng tian s@ “rung, Kd nh, cm nhon dige KN C6 ‘9% mnh tnd vao. + Nha cao tng, edn d6t sn nhlng dung dng tis bl trong nha, c€n Kang “1 chigu day san. 1+ Son DUL, dé 8 B6 ti cdp, ehibu day s8n dn, hgp IY, vB C6 Ia. 4+ San nha i tng, thong thudng: Juan = (0.35 +055) Jy ‘sn nha coo téng. nn cé. Juan = 5 + 0.65), Jha I@ mement quan tinh ea #87, ing val chigu rng quy USE Ie bi = min (a/3 + b) va (b/2) «:nhip 66" (phudng 6 dang tae dong va phéi x6t din nh hudng) b: bude c6t (phudng tne giao vat) by: ehiéuréng dim + Két qué tinh foan cho thay: chiéu day tan chon theo nhing quy din thong tvong eGa nha i tng. e8n duge nda thom hg 56: x4 dinh theo bing sou: a + Téng ehiéu day san, chuyén vi ngang, trong tng hep tl bt ol nhl, +8 gid 4ng ké theo, + Khé nding ehéng dong dat cia céng tinh, $6 tang do} chi, tr od 1+ Way 1a 681 thep, wan phd de tinh fogn nh sn ahd #téng, thong huang / f t 09/06/06 by MS wag lh ca wert dia fy 23 Y09/06/06 1, Chuyén edt thép géi dém vao san, trong nha cao tang: «nha cae téng, kn d0 66! Kan, dm e8n hon ché' chiéu coo nén king <ét thé {gdm dém (vo nut khung) #8 nhidu, day dae: knd gia céng thép veld be tng: keno dim bdo chat using vé 9 cing tal 6. + Thvero, 3 mot #6 kél cou. vin dé nay d6 Hen Hou HU Ibu rt Banen san, +o prem.) Ahung chao tye thanh tnng i¢ va C6 uy dh cu thé 8 TCVN. + Gti ddim, sén 16 canh dm, ehiu kéo, khéng x¢! ham gia cing chiu ive Wen tél cian dém, do vay. vé nguyén téc, ehiéu rong (wan) ete eénh aém, 1a bao inhigu cong age: Nén b6 ir thdm <6! ngp dém vo rong doan wich nay. 46 oe Bat lagna thép qué nhieu, chitrong bé réng dém, + -ACI,BS du c6 neu va cho pnép. 1 Twinghiem inve 1 cho thay 66 véng va Bé rong khe nit eta dém, kh ehuyén 1 phan e6l hep dim voo san, s€ gidm di: £6 I «+ Song song 66, khd ning chu M cia dém. cing ding r rt + Kid ng Zchuréin thé cm veo san, Hong pham vi khng que Bh: Khéng quo 1/10 nh ‘ddim, @ md bén sun dim, S Fhong duge chuyén dl voi ddm bién, 46 anh khd ng by aod thé, kh dim bie cbt 1. lugng cot nep chun vo, tl da 25% chia abu cho méibén céch Ga 125%! Ligne) hep chun veo, oN née dG 1 1p rong 2 lung 6} thep chuyéa veo, dng c&n bs i et da cho ching bc $ Stew L| velwof ater vide a thug dig’ tu a> hn 4 2409/06/06 {ML Chen kich thude cho cde edu kign cia nhé cao tang: 1. San ndim, sn phdng: Now d@ tinh bay @ phen tan. Mung hy = 1/90 «ADDL {uty Ys Khi thy hig ahdng céng tink nha cao Hing, tong thai gion gn day, thuténg hay st dung san ndim DUL, khang dm. Khi xay !Ndng ngdn phon, +8 c5 2 vin 6 ed quan Kim | + Teng 26 xéy khéng cing (1 knéng C6) cm, 18:00} Sy: Cn: Bhd ice them: ue trong san néim. chju log 18 nay, 6 tn nO! Rte DhraN"bE khong abu, db gay nat son, may vse. + Kh x0y thay Idp) tudng, néu khéng chén kin ke hd mat in tong (Gio 50m), tung méng: v8 tau di 68 xud in khe nit doe do co ngSt theo mt {ig oi6 nay, dn hudng dé vibe BY dung bin Mnuéng cong Kink 2. Sdn 66 em: Nhu trong oiéo ten da co 8 lira (um que. OT cura tuer it 4 3. Dam: "Nr d® hoe 6 e8¢ gido tinh, eho adm thuang va cm DUL way = Kh chidu cao ting cén han ché te, eng cao dim 8 thubng Khong dot 119 bin tnuéng, $6 60 m= (1/14 + 1/20 v8 nguac fa, chu rong aim +6 lang. BICT hut vin ay duge tm hung ny, iG IH Mpg bn the 16, thén vé on fodn cho nho cae téng, khong.edn om xét a6, = Vibe ct b6t 81 doc, kh ra kh tél dig nh tog, ene Kin 6, cn thigt. Ngoot ni anang cong inh cén tinh togn Gn huéng déng ke eta ah + Bai dm. ol nhip (va 95), £0 mi dt dai hd. vi thye 16 edt dat hi ch 608 e6¢ nhanh ding cian. Tuy nhién, kh dot dot ha, thd céng, cm quy enh {Gn mee cho hot ky, Néu si dung khung han, chd chin ph dung dea nd 1 Plan tutton 254.C6t: Kich thude it cign 664 thang chon theo dign tic tryén 8 tu kim (sr) len, phan déu theo ede phudng, mét tang. Trin co 38 dé #6 xbe inh duge Ve nén tt ive nén (66 gia tong he #8 x6 hém nh huéng cia MD, 2€ Hh ge Nt ddign 661 (vung. chi nha, rn... Vé nguyen Hc, Ki din tch truyén 134 khOng 148i hao chibu c00 ti Neanaghl, Inlzskieh thude truyén 161 16n c@t theo méi phueng 1: Gi hr thigh byt trong ding, 16e dung Ian Im? san (e8 dém) mai tng, kd 8 trong hwgng eng, nb C8. (R10) - Bil v8i coo Ge van pong, tng 18 vach abe @= 8 + 1KN/ m, = Bai v6 chung cu, 18ng ld wich gach a=C.1 + 1ADKN/ Mm. (M13) Gia rig céng tan, kh 3 hugng véch gach céng nhieu, cang day. 1:26 tng trayén ti. Las 9, xem mBi sn hm, ké e8 s6n day ting hém. 18 mot tng.) ‘eh 56 x6! nh iidng cia M KN €6 18 ngang_ (hve 16, do 16i ding, M thvtng khong ln, khong dong k6). xm Boks 1.28, Gia Ww cong ten, kn khdiu 49 661 cag fon 5. Tinh ahanb Dang a6: + Tinh nhanh cho méng, de bit trong I hyp mong be trén nén thién ahi. + Kidm fa ngay tt du nhng this! Ké, 40 chinh x6e, an toan hay Kong phi Git tong twang todn Ong tinh, c6 thé xde dInh oi6 In “trong long Heng” ¥ theo kink nghidm ede nude, khi chidu day Nang thay 26 thi = (900-450) Nim’, di val cOng Hin ad 6m 4, {Y= (00-260) N/m?, dBi vt eBng Hn ad nid 09/06/06 26IV. Véin 48 choc thiing trong san ném (Flat slab) va san phaing (Flat plate) 09/06/06ing ta , beds The, 7 vaitines wih, i th Hotes a td ta o> 09/06/06, : Wal ar ong af ot. + Sen nd: (C6 mis c6t (vat ehéo 450 theo cae phuong), Kim chéing choc thing (O1op pane va sn. C6 thé xd, nn thug phdi déng trén a che, + San phdng: Khong £4 ¢8 md e6t (eaptad lin Kém chee thing, + San néim, san phdng dé gay DUL, dé tdp aot tit bj Lone tung tom, a ngan hong kh en thay dé ign ich Lam vige va dbic bét thich hep cho nhing ving ‘mé chiéu coo téng cén thép, 36 tng Iai musn nhigu (quy hoach dé khéng, ne. + C4 2 mwdng hap, dic bis! 18 san phéng, cén_duse kigm to chos thing Ke Nang. Tar by 4, 4BT tar 0 i. + Til cién cot hung knéna dl ineo chigu cao ting. d6 ud nding choc thing —} Inhu nhau cho ede tang va chi cde nh todn, kid ta 81 dng 6 + Ki musi thay 68 N6t dign cOt cae Hing, hay khi kiém tea chge thing Binh Yung, két edu san néim khéng thod, thi phd Inve hién gia culng eS hen ‘chtna ches thing tong 28n, hn cde dinn cot, Cf Rout ctudalueg 28«in Tes het ing BLOT we. Hod’ qot ler’ Oalego jh 5 WORT chuyess Gy ATO BTCA Ls aM Was HER TET eas Sy iavelebeluiich babes T (ecto esau rae (Ghat sa ast Nguyen te gle eutng te nay Ia ‘Dung khung thép thant thong tv eée dm nnd), dn ong san, e6 2 phuons, Dung thé hin. C, én trong san, CCl thép gio cuéng chéng che thing tren ind €6! pha duge bE ti wu ‘bham vi co figl dién 161 nan quan ma eo, cong them n,/2, e@ng them conn ‘cba tit lige nom 16 L/, K tim e6t ra eée phuans: ths hy: ehiéu cao 66 ich eda sen nd, san ehéng ie ti che thing: inh theo gio tinh BICT 2. Bay chinh 1a We e6t. ma ¢6t heD ‘ig eysna phi chiv duse. + D8 vai san nim, san phng thuéng, Khong DUL, kh: e@t déu theo 2 phuang, th Yo6n ng! Ive (M9 hong King dy (hn €@t v6 gid nip) theo 2 Phuong, Truang hop bube C61 knéng déu, si dung eée phn mém fish toGn. Cong co the tinh gn dung, la nhung dé lién tye, ahip hay dé, eda ning day dren ct ve ‘9 nbip) theo 2 phuong. + BGI vt san néim, san phéng DUL sy due xéc dinh cya én bidu dé Meh yey ‘iu dé boo M phan bé cap DUL neo tung phusong phdi. Cae phéin mém tinh oan déu xde dion auge 09/06/06 2909/06/06 V. Két cau lién hop (Composite structure) (Heat Was clute be} wees for © Ly wal OE ener + $6 8ng eang cao, BTC mhudn uy «Gt nang. at IY méng phic top, 1n kém. Do ‘Oy. kal eu thé 58 18 chi ue thay he: + Két edi hép ial chiu ldo kém, cén dude bao vé béng bé leng, do voy xUst hig bé.tona cét-ctna. San thep bn, rung, 66 euing kém, chi phi béo Mh, cao, edn ‘ge "6p" bé tong, aud hidn sn BICT Hn hd. VO Kel ediu BE tong cét cing, F8niién hop, got chung la ket Gu én nop. + B6i vei cot ding e6t eung, edn 1a gi pho huU hibu eho Phuong én si ang bareties va thi céng béng phuong php TOP-DOWN. Barelte - 18 61 €6 cot cing - die lan eae tng hm bén trén, dé tang dang ké sie chiu td, chi ‘nhng 16i do thi cong TOP” tuyén vac. ‘+ Nh@ e0 ting, €6 Khu a9 fon, a 8 b6 ti, kin true nen ding dém BICT DUL Int vin néng. Dém inp va sin Wen nop +8 4 phuong én t5h ws Kndu dg co KPI wus 620m. Mot 36 trudng hp Kha, he dém thép cOn duge thay thé bsng he dn ‘hp, nay #0 dung be tena dém 61 cling (ede tn nop) ane 30Tole BHP eS YP chuosaiy leangostte ‘én sn dugc Ihish Ké, dB tang bom dinn véi be tOng, thong quo céc din neo: 6 phén s6n be tong ehis he I6t, vn c& C6! Ihép glo eueng (eB t00) va a6 ‘ang U6 cling cia tem hep, hep kim st dung 1d dong gdp Khic (olded plate) Mot 56 chi gt edi too, duce tinh Bey kém theo day, ki ed 16 hop Két edi én hap st dung cho wing €6 din huang ding da Nhdng i ¥ kh tinh to6n: San lién hyp: c6 2 togl vot lew, module dan néi Khae now Céch tinh | t08n 66 quy dinh 18 tong ACI. Thi ké, cée nha eung eéip dé 6 nhng bang tno, tn sn, kN hip thay 6, Nog! tad king kMGc nha S0n li hep due vao né chiu We, 48 phn fch nBl he, cn dude ava dé ccting huang diong veo, 08 chi cén 1 lool vet igu duy nh. Mot x6 tht KRG, in 49 cing cia be tang thép iéng I tSte@ng tae dung (KhOng chinh x6c 1 + Dém én np: sv cung dim vuet Knéu dB v6 eén ding BF, hay vi thép ‘hudin iy, hd nang ehéng chay kém. Cach x@e dinh a6 cing, van theo nguyén de ede san én nop 4 Kon bel wh 09/06/06 feet visi oy 3109/06/06 bli nthe 6 cing eS ah ene a ng “cele np: hm ng cng ec nn pl bat lugng et he ent enon be fing, Coch oan ov xem go fink 2s ton03 veh wn oh dng py Ren Ma. vn ta c.f ng ong is toh oan co "0 en 1 nc rh lie Wo tog hay i | lene aon, vn mg te etnong hing she 32Composite Warren truss Composite Warren ruse vt Viernes! panel Composite ‘modtiod warren ts wih verbeals Composite Bratt russ 09/06/06 3314.411 Gr. 60 Bars W1 4x61 (F, =50 ksi) Concrete 12 = 5 ksi Minor is 09/06/0609/06/06THM. VI. Tinh tod gié dong (TCVN 2737-95): nn kt ng tinh cao, ménh, cy thé 'Nnd eating rn 40m 0) Kung nha CN 1 ng, kad d9 ten 36,1) SHIA > 15 ‘Ong khdi,thap v6 fi (CUynch b da waccs leo? + Prd x6 sinh dice tin #6 dao déna tna co bin) 8 30 Wai, (69 €6). bist 0 chva dude quon tamiby a vé neo C81 dai av tindie&t do; v6 top rng, vi Wi dm gay kn CA doi chéng dong sé rong cat. Hetrdwairs AB AoTn) PRET He Huting dat 8 hp us in trong xan, dm; fat ee mit giao dim dé ~ {iu too c6i doi cia €6t Khong dy di (85 nhndnh 6} dai i sa0 cho cu cach mot e8t doc oi cé met e8t doe ndm d gee edt da. ot hep trong ede dém ging wach 161 va nél vol et ede King, doe Bist kn co you e6u ending dong dai va dém ging co chiéu cao nan che. 16! val et OUL: gist han chy, fat ki cng (24: dd véng cia Kl eu: Chi d6t al tap o6! hep én ue, eno san ng hém; cho san €8 chiv dng <6 nbng die dt dl cho xn ting Kong gia cusng c6t hp ki 6 luéng x4y ngén phng,khé! Mong Ion, ve Api san dng hist ks am a8 tw3n9). ~ Belbe of BF hus vedbatn. fo" 7 0] <7 09/06/06 fom wl Adon, shuia oo (wal re) Fo pe! dnt. te rei rep Ue hy ay 38Tung phat png Kast dong xéy dung cha phi hap théng Hf Khu we, din ain Gunns Viphom tong hap dng vé th gian the ign hanh fos ps bin, Xs “ai nova gta cong 0 dBi ho gla ht: x khdng kip ha hu den nnigm "B6l ph" 1 chi yéu: 96) quyét qua loa, chu, ain aéy {cu phitu vn. xay ang con tip so val Khu we (vd eng hn, hu aoe cong th): khong x6 d6n nding ue, kin ghee. TW én, x8y lbp 6m ebm nh vide, tong cdg me hd gion. (CP CCHN qué a, tnéng pha hep théng I khu We: kh hl hol ASEAN. ch ip don ga chi 6 khéng ahi Nop, Bh hay A. Siam sat vn aun iy dy an kong lam tén Mach nhiém, dén dn cht ang, la *khéng thiip hon he TC cla nganh xay dung duge mi rong, nhumg bil lai 1a viée bat cap trong xit ly nhitng thong tin ban du (chi tu ed ly dat), cae cOng thite tinh todn, ede gidi php xe dinh se chiu tii etia coe ede loai — sau thi nghiém nén (tinh hay déng) e6 khiic nhau, di N°, da khién khi nang ip nén ky thuat tién tién ‘UKE nén mong c6 hing ting khi ap dung, din dén nhitng phi Jam cho nbting ky st th phap dé xudt 6 thé da khong dam bao an oan va nguve lai, gay lan,Ng khong qué chm; mat bling chat hep vin trién khai dude (p vai coc neo khong can y nay, coe ép da str dung kha phd bién, gid thinh ha, thdi gian thi céng Gi trong...) da din dén viée han ché sit dung gidi phap mong (bang, bé) trén nén cit tram cho nhitng ving dat nong, y€u dac biét khi cong tinh c6 chiéu cao tir 4 ting wa lén, Do vay, bai viét nay xin tam khéng ban dén gidi phép méng bang, bé trén nén thién nhién, cing nhu sif dung cif tram cho méng nhifng cng trinh cao tang, Khi dat y€u 6 chigu day lin. Néu thé, nhiing gidi phap vé méng thuting gap sé 1: 1. Coe ép: Tit dign thuding 18 vudng 20 x 20 (dan it gap, do minh); 25 x 25; 30 x 30; 35 x 35; 40 x 40 (to hon, kh6 chon thiét bj) véi s6 mdi ndi duge khuyén cio 1a khong nén nhiéu hon 2. Diéu nay, trong thoi gian gan day da din dén sy du nhap - theo cng nghé mdi trong ché tgo - 1A coc bé tng dy ting lye, tron hay vudng rong bén trong, chiéu dai cé thé lén dén [5m/doan. Gidi phap coc dy tng luc rt kha thi, dic biét Khi chiéu dai coe theo thiét ké 1 én 40m. Van dé tén tai d coe ép (cling nhu coe déng) 1a chute c6 nhitng két qué nghién citu vé chi tiét méi ni, dan dén vige thiét ké cdn thy tién va theo théi quen 1a chit yéu. M6t sO moi ndi lai qué du, nguge lai, cO nhitng mi noi khi chiu chuyén vi ngang (dang ép gay chuéng ngai cttng), dé xdy ra hién tong gay, net. Can nim chdc sy t6n tai nay dé phudng dn thiét ké dé xuat duc khoa hoc hon. Vé chat Iugng coe die, quy trinh thi cng hign da kha chat ché nén chi can gidm sat that cn trong. thé hign hét rach nhigm duye giao la che chin sé c6 dude nhiing san phim coe tt. Khde voi coe dng, coe ép “tinh” hon, 66 gid treo, nén khé bj o&n, gay khi thi cong. Ducng nhién, vige khuyén khich sit dung cge dite sén ti céc nha may chuyén ding 1a diéu cin thiét. Van dé 1a nha may 6 hop ly hoa day chuyén, tim duge nguén vat liéu Gn dinh, gid hyp ly, dé gidm gid thanh hay khong. Ngoai wi coe dy ting Ive hién cin van phdi mua, cic loai coc ép khdc déu c6 thé dic tai chd duige. Sut canh tranh trén thj truting bat dau tir day MO6t nGi dung can Iuu tim Khi thiét kE coe ép, 18 khong céch tim — tim theo mi phudng, vi thute té cho thay, khi Ive Ep Idn, coe dai, rat thudng gap 1a coc bi Iéch tim 3 + 10cm khi xudng dén do sau thiét ke. H6 su thiét k& coc edn dy tra van dé nay dé wanh xay ra hi iéu ting nhém™ va gay hing ting cho viée n wong nghiém thu cia cic bén tién quan [4] (xem hinh vé minh hoa), dn ban thém. Thut té, tly theo kha Gia ti Ive ép coe Pmax, Pmin cing ¢6 digu nang héi phue cla mOt sé loai coc trong dat, néu khdng phi hoan todn 1A ban sét,1,2P (P 1a site chiu tii tinh todn ca coc) van xem thudng [8 cao, nén gid tri Pmin ohu dat yéu cAu, Déi véi gid wri Pmax, Iu ¥ 1a c6 thé In hon Py, (site chiu tai tinh theo vat ligu Kam coc), tham chi Pmax = 1,2Pyi, coe van chua bi v6 ddu, gay thin (néu cht ligng wt that su!), do cdn mot lvgng thita an toan, gidfa gid tri tigu chugn va gid tri tinh todn cia vat liu. Tuy nhién, khong nén sit dung pho bién Pmax > Py,. Theo kinh nghiém ép dai wa hién nay. gid tri Pmax = (2 + 2,2)P 1a chap nhan duge. Trén dia ban Khu Nam, Cong ty Lién doanh Phi My Hung da nhap thiét bi wy hanh dé ép coc Ién, ning sudt cao, chinh xdc, an toan, rat ding dé ching ta hye héi Thiét nghi mo hinh nay cdn nhan rng, cho nhitng dy dn khdc, de biét khi dign tich mit bling x4y dyng rong, nhut cde dy an 6 Khu Nam, quan 7, Nba Be. thé “ép sau thém” coe sé ting DOi vdi coc Ep (va cd coe déng), cling cdn Iuu ¥ 1a néu (0,220,5)m nia due. Khi mii dd ta len dat tt, kha ning chiu di c rit nhanh, thay vi phai ép ngdn mot chit, nhung lai thém tim. Van dé 1a ching ta c vaio dai, tai hoan toan c6 thé dap dau coc it di, sau dé han néi c6t thép doc ctia co iu ky thudt, va tinh kinh te gidi phdp. Diéu nay dic biét “gi hai” khi mai coc khOng phai Ia sét cting, khong ngam qué séu vao cc hign truing, van dim bdo dat yé cat chat trudc dé, nghia 1a kha nding “xuyén thém” ciia mai cge 1a khd thi, O day, m6t lin nita néi én kinh nghigm xif ly cita chit Két cau, thong qua bao cio khio sat dja chat cOng trinh duiie cung cp. MOt van dé cAn quan tam khac déi voi nén coe Ep (va déng) 1a sO lugng tim gt khi ding mbng be); dat nén coe adi khi qua nhiéu, qua gin ten mat bing (dae bj 1én chat do coc thay chd, din dén “bj ef két hoa”, Kim x6 Jéch nhitng coe di ép (dong) true 46; thim chi gay nhitng coc nay. Day la vain dé edn dac bigt quan tim, nhat la khi nén dat yéu khdng qué day! 2. Coc dong: Tat cd nhung wu diém ciia coc ép va yeu cdu khuyén cdo dé néu, van con gid trj cho coc d6ng. Dac biét, wén nhiing dia ban ma mat dd xdy dyng cdn thyfa tho nhu Khu Nam, Nha Bé, mOt si cOng trinh van cOn sit dung coe ding bing bila, vi day 1a phuong an ré, nhanh nhat. Luu ¥ la vita qua, vige mé rong phi tuding Tan Sun Nhat, trén nén dat rat Wt, nha thau van sif dung gidi phap coc dong. Déi voi coe dong, da sé thiét bi hién nay déu da e6, thdm chi da “tan tang” nhigu lin, nén rat kh6 xde dinh nhiing chi tu es hye aia btia déng. Do vay kign nghi han ché ti da viée str dung nang ludng roi ciia btia dé kiém tra ste chiu tai ciatin cGy cao tif ban chat coc tai hién truding. Hun n&a, phuwing phép nay khong ¢6 roi cha n6. Si dung coc déng, cdn Iau ¥ quay phim, chyp anh hvu tai trude khi khdi cong dng. D6i voi tt ca nhiing cdng Wwinh (moi cép) hign hitu quanh cOng truving, trong pham vi t6i thiéu 50m (d6i voi dia ting Khu Nam) hay xa hon (dia tang dat yéu khong qué day), dé trénh nhing hé tuy, Lim anh hung én dén tién dO cong tinh, dic bit, tudng 1A gidi php kinh té, nhutng lai qué dit, do phiti dinh tré thi cng va dén bi thiét hai. 3. Coc nhdi va barrette: ‘Thuding sit dung khi cOng trinh cao, kién nghi d6i voi Khu Nam, khi s@ tang 220 va cdn khdu d6 Idn, Barrette vé ban chit lam viée thi fing 1 coe nhdi, chi khac la thi cOng bing gu dao chit nhat va tiét dién trén mat bing da dang hon, khdi tich 16n hon. biét, barrette 1a gidi php ti wu nhat di vai cong winh 66 tang ham, nhiéu ung ham, lai nim wén dat yéu day. Barrettes, khi die xen ké, tré thanh lién tue nhur vach ting hdm thuding duge goi la tuding trong dat. Do khéi lung bé tong In, chat Iugng barrette dé kiém tra va thiét ké thudng dat dO an todn hon, D6i véi coc nhdi, xin duge nhie [gi [4 teu chudn quy dinh dung kinh 2 60em. Dudng kinh nhé hein rat bat lyi vi khi xit ly khi vaieh dat bi sup va kho (thm chi khong the) kiém tra duge chit luyng coc. Cn khang dinh diéu nay dé nbiing céng tinh tirdau. nhiéu ting c6 diéu kién dim bio chit lugng coc ngay én céo nhv cdc hinh vé Khodng cach gitfa cae tim coc nhdi, barrette. déu khu Gi han nhd hon dé dim bio minh hoa [1], [2}, [10]. Cae tai ligu khong chi ra nhting 2 dé vide thi cong coe tiép sau sé Lim higu ng nh6m coe anh hung it nhét va khd sat dat xung quanh coc da c6, Do vay, cain dic bigt Iuu Khi thiét ké, khong nén chi dinh ngay tif ddu vi ti coe s@ duge kiém tra chat lugng bling siéu am, vi dé din dén nhitng chi quan, khi thi cOng nhiing coc khac, n déi vdi nhitng coc ma khong duge kiém tra. Dae biét, bat bude phai kiém wa sit thé tich bé tong dé to hon thé tich coe. Vide dat cOt thép chi nén riit bat ti dau, déi v6i nhitng doan eye sat mai, neu coe khéng chiu uén, nhé dang ké (hii kha ning chiu kéo clia be ng), Dae bist, viGe thiét ké ct thép cho toan chigu dai ce, r4i thi eng bd bit di doan chinh, nhu da xity la diéu khong nén. Tuy nhién vé chat hugng coc thi dng, suy ra gan day — 6 Ha Noi. cho cing, trich ahiém lién dén chinh sé 1a ch dau wt va tw van gidm sat, vi da khong cdn trong theo ddi.Chat lugng coe nhdi, burrette, xin nhac lai, ty thude kha Idn vao vide e6 vét kiém tra cong doan nay déu 0 thil. Dac biét, d6i vai nhiéu don vi thi cng e6 thigt bi ehua ii kinh nghiém, chuia duge chuyén giao cong sach bin dat 6 mai coc hay khong. Quy inh thy hig da 66, cdn due cée bén Ii n quan, phdi hop dé dim bao ta nh cao tang che chin dé 66 nghé, lai di nhan thdu wye tiép thi chat lugng ca eng tu van dé vé sau. Nén mOng nha 1A > phan nhay ciim nbat d6i voi kha nang nghién; hin cla cong winh, nén can die bidt lw J ngay tir dau. Do vay, néu quyét dinh sit chon thu nhiing don vi thi cng di tin ca dung phuong an coc ahdi, barrette, kinh nghiém han hoi. in chu Riéng d6i vai vide thiét ké barrette, tuéing trong dat, rat nhiéu don vi tw ¢6 Kinh nghiém thye tién. cdm tinh; gidi php do d6 s@ khong kha thi va thuding nha {hau thi cOng lai phai thiét ké lai, wn thoi gian. Cong nghé nay huding xuyén cling os nhting thay déi nhé trong cau tao, dic bigt di vai nhitng eGng tinh ma bing tang edn dac ham khong con 6 dang vudng, chi nhat, ma ki da gic, o6 ehd Iai, tm, ta bigt quan tam, Nhitng trating hyp nay, nhiing don vi thi cong: khing e6 kinh nghigm thuging khong dii ste gidi quyét va két quit dé xay ra fa tng ham bi thai. . thi barrette cing cin v6 dai coe, khi Xin duye Iau ¥ 1a cing nhw coe ép, coe ahd 80 Huong dui chan et > 2. Noi nhw vay, vi nhiéu don vi w vin van nght 1a dui mii cOt eda cng trinh, chi c6 thé 6 | barrette | phap thi Jz dinh huding D6i vi coc nhdi va barrette, khi thiGt ké, cdn chi dong chon true gi Ong, trinh tw thi cong, dé & kho dén sy ding ciing cia cée vow da dé nite dé. Digu ma cae hd st thiét ke thuding chin nhéing coe dé ngay tip sau khong quan tam 4. Thiét ké sin tang ham: Nha nhiéu ting c6 wong ban than lin, edn khang dinh phai khong ché a6 lin, ae bigt 1a hin Tech va mudin vay, bin than téng ham voi dai edn ted thank 1 khdl cifag, cling Iam viée véi nhau. Do vay. cin Iu y: ~ Khi dai khong phai 18 dai be, can thigt ke them hé giding cting, lién ket ia nha it ting). Kinh t€ mbit la he gidng cdc theo cdc phuung (tong wy da kiéng dai cing nay dong vai tro cia dim dd sin tang ham ludn. ~ Ca hai hé giting Kin sin ting him, nén thigt ke sao cho dy sim ndim dung mit dai. Liic nay. hé giiing sé ~cim” thing vao dai, khiéc phuc higu qua hin Ich cdc dai va ban than dién tich cde giding sé lm ting dé citng cho san ting ham, gidm Ahd nding chiu u6n, chOng hin lech tt, chongdé thang may xudng d&n san tang - N&u khéng e6 yéu céu die biét, khong dui cing. Nhu vay san him khong bi vusng PIT thang mity - sé van phang déu dé thi cong - Vige thoat nue cho sin ting ham, dé thu nuse khi muta (qua ramp), khi im vé sinh, vige thu mde va bom miée ra ngodi ... cin duge nghién ettu cu thé, phit € sin ving him. Dac biét la diéu ma nhiéu sin hgp, phai hu ¥ ngay wi khi thigét phdm tw véin khong hiru tam day dil, 5, Van dé lin nén diip chufa cd két xong? Hang logt céng tinh tai TP.HCM (qudn 2, 7, 8, Nha Be, Binh Chan) va ui nhigu dia phwung khic (Vinh Long, Can Thé, Long An, Dign Bién) trong thdi gian gan day bj lin nén wét (sau khi da l6t gach, hay sau khi vita khainh thanh). L¥ do la da hoan thin trén nén cat dip chua c@ két di thdi gian. Dicu nay cdn duge rat kinh nghiém nghiém tic trong hoat dong nghé nghiép. Ly do: - Dau c6 dim kj titng lép cat dip, nén ha vin dép we c& két, sé Nin tiép va ‘ong vat ligu hoan thién bé mat bi “héng chan", bong tre, dua séng ngay. Lie d5, trinh khéng sit dung tiép tye due - suf e6 da xdy ra va néu thé, hang loat nhifng bién php phifc tap, t6n kém sé phai dé ra dé xif ly sv res _ Mudn trinh, bat bude phai thiét ke hé san tang wet (ip xtc voi dat dip chia co két dit) nhu hé san tang, nghia 1a vin phai co he g6i do dam, san BTCT (chip nhan nén hy sé c6 hin, bi téch, nhung cong trinh van sif dung binh thuding). Trudng hdp nha cé khau do l6n xudng, kho, hé 260i dd phii 1A méng phy, hay coc BTCT. Khi d6, céng trinh sé vinh citu va chap nhan sudit dau tu cé tang. Du an cin xée lp phuong an nay ngay tit dau ! ai, tam Ly cita tf vain (hode do chia hiéu rd) ngay khi fam dy Trong thdii gian d An vin theo “vét xe ci”: thim chi phan nén nay xem 1a “chi tiét cau tao kién tric”, thiét k€ dién hinh, din dén nhitng bit cap, tn kém khi xt ly vé sau va wich nhigm, duge quy két 16 rang! = Ching tdi duge biét 1a tt cd nbitng cSng wink wong Khu BG thi Phi My Hung, ké ca biét thy va nha phd, teen nén dai dip, san tng trét (khdng ham) ludn La san bé tng c6t thép. Day la kinh n; n nhan tién dé chting ta hoc hoi, tranh pham sai lim “ngay trén dat nha”.‘ai ligu tham kha 1. Nn méng nha cao ting ~ GS.TS. Nguy€a Vin Qui NXB Khoa hoc KY thudt ~ 2002 ~ 189 trang Neuyén Van Quing ~ NXB Xay ditng 2003 2 Chi din thiét ké 94 trang thi eGng coe barrettes ~ GS.TS = NXB Xay 3. Mong nha cao ting ~ Kinh nghigm nue ngodi ~ GS.TS. NeuyEn Ba KE chub duing 2004 ~ 370 trang 4. Tinh inh phat widn cao de, chung ex nhigu ting tai TPHCM ~ nhitng bit ep tf pha ue vain PGS. TS. Nguyén Van Higp ~ kj yeu HOi thio Hoi Xay dung TP.HCM ~ 2004, thidt ke 5. Nhiing thong sf nhay cdim bat cit thi Wi inh coe ~ GS.TS. Neuyén Van Bat ~ Tap chi Xiiy dyng sé 10/2003. 6 TCXD VN 269-2002 ~ Vé thif tii tinh cho coe 7. TCXD 190: 1996 ~ VE thir ti tinh cho coe ahdi 8 TCXD 205: 1998 ~ Méng coe ~ Gu chudn thiGt k& 9. TCXD 45: 78 - Vé thigt KE nén nha va eGng (Hiab 10- Foundation analysis and design ~ Joseph E, Bowles ~ $* Edition Me Graw-Hill ~ 2003 ~ 1200 pages. 11: Pratice foundation Engineering handbook ~ Robert W. Brown ~ Me Graw-Hill ~ 1995 ~ 1286 pagesVAN bE XU LY NEN (KHONG HAM) CHO CONG TRINH DAT TREN DAT YEU, DAT DAP PGS. TS. Nguyén Vin Hiép Pho Gidm déc S6 Xay dying 1. DAT VAN DE: ‘Trén dia ban TP. Hé Chi Minh, 5 nhiing quén mdi va huyén — ciing twong ti nhu trén nhiéu dia ban cdc tinh khic, dJe biét A nhiing tinh mién Tay, dia thé w nbién thap, nén dat yéu lai rat dy, trén thuting 1a bin nhdo (dén tren 15m), mye nue ngdm cao. Trong qué trinh dé thi h6a, nhitng dy én, cOng tinh xay dying mdi sé phdi san ldp, v0 vat 0m). Qué trinh san lip. tuy van ddim chat tng ligu thuting 1a eat, e6 chiéu day 16n (1,5 1p theo quy dinh, nhing phan cat dip diu tién sé nhanh chong. “hda tron bin than kép ban nhdo ty nhién nay chiu thém mot tdi wong do eat dp kid 16n, dién nguyén thé (khong thay duge) nha rong nén qua trinh c6 két ciia cat dap, de biét la dat y sé dién ra, gay lin din nén dat dip, thay duet phé bién [a sau khi san lap xong, chting ta khong, 6 thoi gian cho doi nén dip ditt c& két, dd tin hanh xay dung cOng tinh bén tren. Déi voi nhing cong tinh quy mé lén, ¢6 ting him tén dit yéu, bin thin diy ting ham sé fa vio he a2 nén qué trinh cé két hu nbu khéng inh huéng trye tiép dén hé chiu lye Oi vsi nhing cong teinh c6 quy mé nhd, dic biet 1a nha xuing, nhing cOng trinh khéng la nén ting trét bj lin c6 ting ham, hign wong 66 két tip tue xdy ra di gdy hau qu ting wét da 16t gach hoan thign! nhiéu, gay hu hai ding ké: die biét la xdy ra khim Sy c6 nhitn; cng winh wén nén dat dip day sé dién ra voi t6c dO nhanh hon, doi vi nhiing ving cé anh hudng triéu manb, hay khi nue nga c ap. Theo cdc céng thie tinh toan e6 két hign hanb, nbiéu trvdng hyp, dO Win do et két eita dit dp tee that rt dang ké, c6 trutmg hyp eat dip day 2m trén dat yéu day 13m, d6 tin nay 6 thé dat dén 0.8m sau vai thang dd thdi gian c6 két c6 thé kéo dai nhiéu nim (tiy vao tinh chat cla dia tng). Hau hét ede def dn déu khong thé chit doi dén hét thi gian nay! Sy e@ xy ra di (teach gay t6n kém thoi gian, chi phi xt ly: mit uy tin cho cd chit dau tf, ut vain thiét nhigm chinh) va nhing don vi ign quan khdc, dae bigt, nhiéu tring hop di lam nui dan bat binh.Tl. NGUYEN NHAN CHU QUAN: Ngoai viée do co ché ~ dy dn duge duyét mdi bit déu dude én hanh khdi céng san lap va trién khai ngay cde céng viéc tip theo ~ ma tu van lap dy dn va thiét ké co sé khOng lung hét duve, thi ich nhiém cao nhdt doi vai loai hinh sif e6 nay, phdi chi ngay 61 tugng 1a cde don vi tut vatH, cha ti thiGt ké biin ve thi cong kin tiie, két edu: Sy théu kinh nghiém tong hoat dng nghé nghiép. Cac déng nghiép, dac biét fA cdc déng nghiép té. thi€u kinh nghiém, tuy hiéu hig St nhunyg khong £6 ¥ thife dé van dung ngay vao sin pham ty vain ciia minh tir (khi khong ¢6 tile sin, twung St cho nén ting te dau va hoan toan khong dat ra nhitng gidi phap can thi ting him) dic biét 1a khi & phan thiét ké kién tric, cdu tao nén ting wét da theo “chudin” cu tao chung! G day, dung da duge gidi phong qua ahiéu, ding tran tong, nhumg dd c6 khOng ft nhitng déng file vé cu tao con c6 yeu 16 1 do “CAD" gay ra: tit khi e6 may vi tinh, nghé tw vain xdy nghiép dua vao CAD, tu tdm thuéng héa nghé nghiép cia minh: C: nén cé san ti cong trinh nay, cit vide ty dong chuyén vio bin vé cho céng tring khdc vita nhdn, va quén mat fa 66 hin wung o@ kt xdy ra, ——> Gach lt So vita tt 2 : DS > BT ai 4x6 M100 D100 Dat nén titng idp dim chat 9 day 0.2 -0.3mmflep Ban sét nhdo, day Caiu tao dién hinb nén tang trét da “xit ly DéEh hist cde KF suf tinh todn ket fu tao” ri, chi nén tang tr lo thiét S nhifng phéin khiae. C winh tiga khai thi cong va su ¢@ céng trinh da xuat hién. Nguyén nhan phu kha 1a don vj tu van tham tra cing lam viée qua loa, cing co nhiing cho quan tuting tw. dinh vé nang lye (TT12) cua w van th: thém tra lai qua thfp, nén eng kh6 ri dé quan trong 1a hign nay, dd vn ban phép quy d0a quy m ta, tich nhiém van chuta r0 ring; chi pl bude wich nhiém, Dén luat nang Ive thm dinh va phé duyét thi€t ké cing c6 van 48: khong nhdn thie ngay tif dau nhitng sai st co bin ciia hé so thiét ké do hin c6 két.HUNG CONG TRINH BI SY CO DO CO Ki 1. Tai TP. H6 Chi Mi = Chg ddu méi Tam Binh (Thi Bite) - toan b6 aha Idng chy vong dén 20em, trén nén BT da 1x2 day Sem ~ 2004. ~ Xi nghiép nuéc chim Nam Duong ~ phuting Phi Thudn, quan 7 - ton bd két edu nén kho, la tém sin BTCT co su@n, day ISem, tya thing wén nén dat dip, dig tich nha xuGng 1a 2 (gian) x 25 x 60 ~ 2004. Vong nhiéu nhat dén 43cm (Anh) - Try sé UBND va huyén dy huyén Nha Be - 2005 ~ ci 2 nén ting wét, vong sau khi ot gach hoan thign (2 Iu), choi, sfin kau 3 - Truting Mau gido Vutn Héng ~ quén 2 - nén ting wet va cd si giai doan 1 - 2005. (Anh) - Trung ban cong Cong ky nghé (KCX) ~ quan 7 — kin wan bo nén wet tat cd phong hoc, hanh lang, hi wuting ~ 2003, - Trung Tan Phong; truving Nguyén Hitu Tho — quan 7 ~ hin ting trét cde lép hoe ~ 2003. - Chg dau mdi Binh Dién: kip thi thay déi thie ke’ san wet, khi dang dau thiu phan mong va khi hé so thiét ké da duyét xong! (2004), 2. Cée dia phudng kha - PY Thi xa Long Xuyén - An Giang ~ hin todn b6 nén Wet (va Kin mong ett ram) — 2 tng - 2002. - BV Vinh Long: hiin toan bd nén wet - 2002. - Tuyng, nén dai Dién Bién Phi, ky niém 55 ndm chién thiing Dign Bién - 2005. - Hang rio cia cOng tinh tung niém Hoang Quée Viet ~ 2005. IV. GIAI PHAP THIET KE DE XUAT: 1. Can xit ly khae phuc suf od két cia dat nén nay ngay tir thiét ke cv sd, dé tinh todn thém cho téng mie dau tr, tranh viée diéu chinh dy dn vé sau, 2. Trong nén kinh té c6 ké hoach, vic dau tu cdn dude tién lugng truée véi tim nhin dai hon; dimg “gdp” nuéc. Bude chudn bi cho du dn edn thém céng doan san lip truée hang va khu vue, dé hoat dong 6 két cham dift hodn toan, khi cong wink chinh duge khdi cong. wed diéu kign wong wy. Nhu v4 nhy hién nay. Day 1a “edn bénh” chung trong dau tw cda ca i ndm, tay Day 1a gidi phap kinh té nhat doi vdi nhitng du dn da ni dung quan ly dau w= xay dung cin uyén chuyén hon, so vi quy tinh higén nay, Neudi c6 thé gian 6 két, nén cu tao san tét chi cin bé tng ngheo, vita I6t gach 1a di, khong sg hin (néu khong c6 nude ngdm cao, c6 ap). xU LY LUN NEN Xf NGHIEP NUGC CHAM NAM DUGNG LUN SAN PHONG HOC TRUONG MAU GIAO VUGN HONG QUAN 23. Viée dim kj titng Idp, dat yéu cu d6 chat, chi nén dp dung cho nén nguyén thd 1a dat t6t, tinh nén tin it. Vin dé tinh dO, kinh nghiém ctia don vi thiét ké dat ra rat quan trong, ngay tit diu. Khi nén nguyén thé ia bin nhao, dat dip c6 dat yéu cau d6 chat, vai dé c6 ket van xay ra; nén vin bin, 4: DOI vi tinh khéng e6 tang ham, tt nhiit ta phi thiét ke hé dam — he dung thém méng va lit sun lap ed chiéu day In va khong edn thes gian ch c@ két, khi cong in trét bing BTCT. Khi Ot khdu d9 Idn, dé dim bao an ton va kinh té cho phufting én san nay, bude phai sit Ot phy, dé dim san trét. Day 1 phutng din di thiét ké dé xit ly Nam Duong va khife phuc. tn kém 5 ty déng, ké ca vide lin nén Xi nghiép nue cha phai phd ton b6 I6p san sutim BTCT hién hitu ra.Lita ¥ 1a 6 nhitng dun vj thigt ké thi cong va ché ddu tw chua nhan thife hét su. két xdy ra, quan trong cia oF két, nén da eG truding hyp (huyén Nha Be wn) khi ¢ 8 ba Nin, dim ky nita, r6i cho lit gach lai! Trong thé gian nydn sau d6, céng trinh chita bam giao, e6'két tip tuc, nén gach ceramic 40x40 lai bong, dop. vong tiép! Nhing trutmg hop nén dat con tiép tue o6 két, khi sit dung phuong dn sin — dim wét bling BTCT, chip nhdn ring vé lau dai, duéi tam san nay la khong gian réng do ddp tiép tuc ke IV.NHUNG CONG NGHE MGI DE TANG THOI GIAN CO KET DAT NENs Tring hgp khong e6 théti gian cho 66 két, khong mudn xif ly san dim tét BTCT, ¢6 thé dp dung nhing cong nghé tién tign, dude gidi thiéu sau day: 1. Bac that Phuong php da disc du nhap vao Viet Nam tit hon 10 nam nay. phuong phdp tinh todn da dan hoan chinh va la gidi phap ré, c két nhanh. ‘Tuy nhién lu y ~ Khong dude sit dung cho gia e dutig d6 thi, khu dan cur 2 bén dung di cé! ‘Tnuting hop dudng nguyén Hau Canh (Binh Thanh ~ TP. Hé Chi Minh) la vi du dign hinh ~ 66 két dat nén di tam anh hudng nha dn, ni; bin thn pham vi sit ~ Khéng due sit dung cho cdu, ké cd cdu vuyt, hm cl dung cia tiéu chudn ¢6 néu, nhung nhiéu don vi thiét ké ~quén” 2. Dam rung (Vibro Compaction) . Dam chat dat roi bing nhitng dim rung sau duge goi I “Vibro Compaction” (Bim rung). Phuong phip nay cdn due biét nhyr “Vibroflotation”. Cat bai ue nhién hay bdi p nhan tao 66 thé duge dim dé&n dO sAu 70m. Mite d6 dim chat co thé thay d6i dé dat duce kha ndng chiu tii va tiéu chudn gidi han hin, Ngoai ra, tie dung gidim lin efing dat duce cling hic. Thuting, d3 hin do co két dat tit (2 + 15)%, thuing li 5% ma sat dit bin cé 26 thé tang lén them 10" Trong khi nguyén ly cia Vibro Compaction (suf sip xép etic hat dé dat trang thai chat hon nbd rung) la mét khai nigm dun gidn, vige Ung dung cong nghé mot each ti wu van 1A mt cong nghé ma it ngudi ndim duge, Nhiing nguyén ly tinh toan, bién van do don Vi thi cng dde quyén ‘ikhi ddim: Biéu dé sau day dién td quy tinhThe principle sand compaction (Vibroflotation): The Loose compaction process, consists of a flotation of the soil particles ay a result of vibration, which then allows for a rearrangement of the particles ~— ina denser state. Penetration ‘The vibroprobe penetrates to the required depth by vibration and jetting action of water and/or Compaction The vibroprobe is retracted in 0.5m intervals. The in situ sand or gravel is flowing to wards the vibroprobe Completion After compaction the Laform has to workin be levelled and eventually roller compacted 3. Coe da “kh6 ” (Dry Stone Columns) Nhiing coc di tho ep liu tur ben dudi duge phat minh tai Bite vao déu nhiing nam 1970, Phung phép nay dic biét hu ich néu su x6i ita lop dit mat khdng duge phép hay nhitng noi ma qua trinh cung cdp nude cho phuing phip Wet Top Feed (coc da ust cap 1igu w ben én) gap Kho khinPenetration The vibroprobe penetrates to the required depth by vibration and jetting action of air Installation Adding gravel through a tremie Pipe alongside the Vibroprobe creates the stone column Completion The surface is leveled and roller compacted 4. Coc dé “Uét” (Wet Stone Columns) Nhiing coc da wit cap liéu tir bén wén duve phat minh ti Dite vao dau nhding nim 1960. N6 due thi cng nbanh hon va edn fl thiét bj phic tap hiin coe dé cp kh tit ben du6i. Tuy nhién ky thudt thi cdng ddi hdi uhiéu kinh ngbigm hon coc dé edip khO tir ben dui. [ 7 "Penetration | The vibroprobe penetrates to the required | depth by vibration and jetting a water. ! on of “Installation | Adding gravel through the washed out annular space alongside the Vibroprobe creates the stone column | to Completion The column diameter may vary depending oon the initial stiffiness/density of the soil. | Differential settlements are greatly reduced | by allowing more gravel to be placed in | | weaker soil regions The required diameter at any depth interval | can be sensed by observing the | vibroprobe’s motor current, which is an | | | excellent indicator of the continement of | L the machine in the soil.5. Coe bé tong rung (Vibro Concrete Cohlmns): Nhiing coc bé tong rung c6 thé xép loai nhu nhiing coc dé tai chd. Loai coe nay cé ‘kha nding chiu tdi cao vi ma sit hong cao va day dutde md rOng khi sit dung bé tng khd. 6. Khoan phut: Khoan phut li ky thudt bom vita vio dat, Loai vita phu thude vao tinh chat ty nhién cita dat due xi ly va muc dich viée xif ly. Cac loai dat dude xtt ly c6 thé thay déi tir dé rng, mut va da cudi phi sa dén dit cit va pha sa Co thé sit dung nhiéu phuong phap va nhiéu loai vita khiée nhau. Khoan phut trong dé mitt né (hinh 1) ‘Thong thudng due thye hign theo timg giai doan tit wen xudng, Sau mdi giai doan bom vita, vige khoan lai duve thuc hign xuyén qua térly daxitly uuGe d6 cho phép giai doan ké tip dude bat diu. Hon hop vita DGi vdi khoan phut vet nuit trong da, xi mang binh thuting hodc vita xi mang- © dit c6 thé xit ly trutée voi Keo hode vide thém nhang bentonite thitng duye sit dung, m: phy gia duuc xem xét dé lip cdc vét nit nhd. Khoan phut trong dat (hinh 2) Thuong dude thye hién thong qua cde Sng thép c6 khoan 13 va boc mang cao su (sleeved tube) duye gdn wong 15 khoan bing vita xi mang-bentorlite, Vige bum vita duve thie bién béi mot nuit chain kép (H.3) cho phép c6 lap khu vue cao su di bj gidn nd bum vita bat ky. Vita duvie bom xuyén vao dit sau khi tudn qua man bai dp lye caoSv thuan Ioi chinh cia phuting ph4p ray 1a cho phép bom vita nhiéu lan tai mét cao trinh nao dé ma khong cdn phi khoan lai, va do d6 cho phép viée khoan va bom vita duge ign hAnh mot cach Ade lap. Néu thuc hién ding, bom vita vdi Sng thép sé cho két qué tuyét voi trong dit, nhung nd khong due ting dung trong di khi dO cing ciia dé c6 thé ngin can suf gidn ra ctia mang cao su dé vita thodt ra ngodi va xuyén qua 15 khoan wén Ong thép. Hon hgp vita C6 nhiéu loai vita ditge dang phu thude vao thinh phan hat cia dat xi ly nhu la vita xi mang-bentorlite, keo silica, cdc loai nhyfa héa hoc a a 10Giai quyét méng cho céng trinh x4y chen PTS Nguyén Van Hiép Phé Gidm déc Sé Xay dying Thue (é xay dung ea hiw het cde cong tinh wong thainh phi cho thay hin twong phi Gi xiy chen rit phé ign, Cée dang aha 6 doc fp, Hién ke, ede khich san, van phong cho thu qui m6 khdng Idn.. hugng nim trong ubing khu vite dong die din cu, nha elta von di da san sit é thi cOng, lai dit se chiu lve, dim ju mong phai duye thie KE hyp ly. sao cho d hau nén ket bio an toan cho khu vie xung quanh, thé gian thi cdng lai hyp ly mi id thinh khong cao. ng cho céng tinhduige tinh by tom tt trong bai bio inh: Nhiing phuiing dn sit Iy ket ef nay chil yéu sé dé cip dén nha ig dang cong -C6 mat bing chat hep. bi gidi han lign sit 1, 2 hay cd 3 phia voi nhing cng tinh hign hatu, thap ting va thim chi di xudng ep op ep sO ting may 6 thé -C6 sf tding xy dung kh6ng qiia lan. Bdi vai mot vai Khu vue dat én dén 12, lye nén (1a cha yéu) xuding mdi cOt thuing khdng vuwst quia 2000KN. 6 day khong dé nang ing nha, do yeu edu sir dung, ma khOng dap pha hét ket cu hign hit. ip) dé Can gia o6 phin méng (va e6 thé ca Ket edu thing ting mi yy dung trén mat bang may khoan nhéi od Mit bang chit hep 6 day edn dude hiéu theo nghia dién tie khong qiia to, cde thi€t bi thi Idn..) khong sit dung duce. Do lién sit véi nhing céng tinh hign hiu theo chu vi va Iwit xy dung khong cho phép nce mOng doc theo bién sé khong ng kéng cing (xe cd, déi trong coe thép, bat ky ket cu nto dutge vusin ra kha: Khong dude mé rong thoiii mai va sé chi hfe theo dang Keech tim. Ti ci cic gidi php dé xudt déu 66 cing ni dungla tim eich khie phue do Ie tim nay. Bai bao nay nhim hé théng héa nhing ket iu méng thich hip cho xy chen dé nhing dén vi tw vain tham Khdo khi cfin sit ly tinh huding, nghé mai, sé sip dung phd bién & dng thdi cing dé xudt mot vai ket cau mong theo nhitng c6n: nude ta LMONG TREN NEN THIEN NHIEN: khong hop ly khi nha e6 li Gidi php méng don kigu chan vit (HII) da qua 151 hifi vA cds a qua dae 1g tn 3. MOL Toai sf eG eva nha it ing trong this méng chan vit (ma aha phi bi nghiGny 6 due vidu digi én hinh). Do vay kign nghi tuyt di han che dang két eu men LL. Méng ban Bang moi eich phai Lién k&t mong cila hg cOt bi tei chu vi voi nhiMg mbng cSt lin cn giao nhau), hay thei kiGu KEt hap nhigu mong bang Strip, Combined foot 16, theo | hay ea 2 phiing (mong (dang bé 1 phn e6 sun). BO vai nhng nha e6 Khu dé Ian, s6 tng nhieu, €6 thé lam them sua phu phin dp dé ting euing kha ning ching u6n cila ming (H2). Phai dua vio phuvng phap tinh tosin eu thé se tah bay G phin sau, dé e6 exch D6 Ui Cot thép thfch hgp. theo quy Iuat ciia bicu déMoment M va We eft Q Mong bing theo phuting ngang hign 1d bién php xir ly hirw hiGu mbit cho nhiing nha pho én KE. Tinh wu vier vé choi lun khong déu cia méng bing trong ft tng, dang riéng 1é haycOng tinh xdy dying cang diige ning caw hhi c6 thém hé di kiéng theo phuoing thing Boe vai né n theo day méng theo that cing va dat nén khong qiia yeu, khéng qua day duve gia 66 cif sudt chiéu dai theo phifing a, (ngoai tif nhitng Sit dung méng theo phuimg nao, e6 thé gidm dit kid ay ue tigp wen hé sui ctia mong. Gidi phip ming mong dat quia su) va hic nay, ting se bing giao nahu van t6 ra uv diém ngay ei Khi dy mong due gia et eit wam hay mong bang tn nén coc. (H3) . 1.2, Méing bé (Mat footing) Lie nay toan bo cong trinb déu duve giit én dinh bing mot he théng méng duy mba két nhau theo ed hai phudng wen odin mat bing. Trong nhiug nim gin day, o6 ahing cOng tink guy mé d€n 14 tang (QI.Q3.05.011..). trong d6 66 ed chung ett Khiich sanda due xay dung theo giii php mong bé én nén thign abign NEw mong be dang hin die rit dé bs tu e6t thép, d kigu mong be c6 sivin) va dO eding lai khing quia 10n, Khi da e6 sutin, dang stn bén trén (H4) sé o6 nhidu wt dién so vai suin bén duinbit LA khi cong tinh xy dung ong thanh phd, mat bling khong c6 ning d6 dé Wf ah ng sun bn ten se tao ty nbign nhiing 6 tdng, e6 thé ding lam hé nutte mgm. heim than, tign loi. Néu khong, ching se dude lip day bing eat va d6 beton Lam cho nén ting him (HA), di thanh TP.HCM, ngay ed 5 Q9.Q12,Hoe Mén,Cii Chi,Tan Binh, Phi Gai wy ahién e6 exing dé chiw Ive tt ehiéu day tin, dn dinh, thich hgp cho thi cng thi Iai qa tn beton (0 v9 fon (khOng yeu cd chding trust) indy, him phan vé cing Rat nbidu vin Nhuan, Gd Vap...0 vige sit dung méng be, phuc hin khong déu higu qila nbiit, dign tich méng Isn néa euting do tiu chudin Re se duige nan mn [4], Trong nhitng trying hho ci nh ohigu ting. Mong be 1a phuung dv mong 66 kha nang khe so voi méng bing, khi xay dung tren en dang ké, hop nhy vay, néu et sif dung mong coc BTCT, gtd thank rién: phiin mo G déng cho nhuing eng tinh In. I. MONG COC: Vai mue dich truyén ton bd tai trong ea KEL clu thuting ting Ip dit ti chiu lye & duGi su, thong qua lve ma sit va site chiu midi, rat nhieu Joai eoe da duye u phuving php khac nhau. Rigng 461 dang dé chju Ie: ching duce thict ké {thi edng theo n Gi nhing cOng trinh dan dung (vi eGng nghiép), phd bin nbat vn 1a ILI. Coe BTCT die Ha bing phucng phip ¢p. rung (phuving phapasng ré nhat nhung abiéu han che vi gay tefn dong). Hign ti. theo mot dé i nghién ettu e'p nh’ nude da nghigm thu, truding Bai hoe ky thugt TPHCM di dua duse vao ting dung thye méy ép coc, véi ue ép dat wen 2000 KN (uscng dung vi coc e6 sie chiu ti tinh ton khoiing 800 KN). Bay khich Ie kha nang canh trnh vii coe nhdi loai nhs, cho nha khong ayia cao la mot thank qua eft ding, thanh kh6ng eao, e6 mhiéu iat bing wong di mG ra mot wid vong sif dung mosug coe BTCT ép vai xi rng rai (4 chat hay déi wong dé ding) Vito dé quan trong & diy li cde eve ha bing phuting php ép Khong thé tin sit ele g6e kim dai coe Iéch tam, canh cOng tinh due nén nhigu cong trinh xay chen van bit bude pha tinh Kin ein hign phi Ka 0.6M (HS) Khodng hé ti thiéw tr mép coe dnbDo vay, néu mat bing thi eOng 66 kh ning ding coe dé kit do tech tim thi phufang dn ming b 112. Coe whdi BTCT (cit mém hay e@t ettng fi thép Ninh): rch nén eoe van 1 phusing ain thich hop aha Cae loai coe mhdi duting kinh nhd thuding KhOng higu qdavi chal lung thi cOng va Khe nding chiu tdi thung kho kign lam vi sit hong, coe nhdi duting kinh nhé sé fam gidm tha ‘ao khong hop ly. Buting si did celia ma sao. Do vay nh hitting dén nhiing bi ah phin mong ni inh 16i thigu hign thaging ding 1d 0.6 M Cong nghé coe nhdi ddi hSi nbiing tinh d6 ky thudt oh dinh, vai chat lung phél due kign tra chat ché, khoa hoc, dur kign tude, Ba 66 it ty TNHH cia TP nhap thiét bi ‘vé nhumng thi eng khong dat chat hing vi khong nfm wag eGng nghé abn bien van by “chon © Sn va edt kh6 tao duge d@ tin cy vdi nhing chi du tw mdi dé e6 thé ohn thu thi eGng coe andi! bat mot ci Coe nhdi vin khong thé tin sit ede ge, eanh oda eding tinh nén van 66 Khuyét diGin aiding coc ép. C6 digu do duitnh kinh In (66 thé Len dén 2m va hen nfs) nen mi coe €6 kha dong. Cong nghé thi y ra el nang chiu tau Idn, s6 dau coe gidm di. Khi thi cng coc, Khong cong tign tign my KhOng thich hp Khi mat bing eb’ hep (lt chit dé ela bai Wo) nn KhOne dude ban sau hon, 113. Coc thép binh: Thuting flange). Loai the tinh bén cdng, cu hon. G day chit yéu xét coe H. do chu vi tid xc d a kha nding, nn mon higu qda nén twéi tho coe va thep H (khong phi 18D, 1d loai cénh rong (Wide hyp eho hing § 2 dang 1a thép Sng Zing (saw 46 nhdi beton) thuting e6 duiing kink 180, hi ong nén Ion chéng ma sit rit cao, Hign nay da 66 nbiing loai sein eh thép da due ning cao a: 50 nam, Coc H e6 thé ha hoan toin ging ooe BTCC, hang eich ép. Do dd cing I6n, cutting do cao nén khong si bi on, v3 dan coe: mG Adi coe dn gin hn va gi than thip hon coe BTCT chi nn dt it Sm hay nite ny c6 tinh an mdn KhOng cao. sir dung coe H sé mang lai higu gis kinh té 1 ret. Néu dong gis ép. gidng abu coe BTCT vin fam, eve H vin khéing tin sét cde 36 Jin dai coe ching loai dd eh tim do két ef enh cOng trinh dude, nghia 1 van phat to putin hung ting truyén xuGng. Coe H do ne, d& ni nén rat kha thi Khi mae bing chat hep 14, Coe Mega: Cae coe ép BTCT, new chia ra titng doan ngin! +3M di a caving mong 1a chil yéu, vi thi cng dan (c6 nhiéu mbi ndi 6 coe). hing s@ ¢6 tén goi li coe Mega. Baty 18 bién php sit bf mdi thi higu qa kinh 4 khGng cao. Ci hai loai coc H va Mega s® duge nghién eu Khi thi kE ching tin, ning ting cho cng tinh khi khong thé md rongméng dude. sé dude dé cap 8 phn sv III, MONG VA VACH CHO TANG HAM: khong kn, chi diiu ur vin you edu 06 ting him Thue t€ 06 nhitng cng trinh ty dign t (ihvting la 1 ting), vii dd su 1-3m va yéu edu ny phi thda min ngay Khi eGng wink gt en én dat yéu. ‘Trong truting hsp aber the new thiGt Ké sit dung méng eve th ph thi cing coe rude mdi dn gia cit tcim cho nn thi eit chi déng dite wen nén thien when dao dat ting hdm, con néh sat Id dai lan cin, nén lai edn dio dit tude, rSi phai c6 bién phép ehding veh thich hyp di rata8 gay nguy hai, tham chi din dén sy ed cho cdng trinh ett Phutdng phap hign dai nhiit dé thict ke va thi cOng ting him fi lam cée tuding trong dit (Diaphragm Wall) doc chu vi nha vita dé ching sat lit khi thi cng ham, via Ba véch cia tng ham, doi khi ket hop Kim cae e6t dd kGt edu thuying ting won. Tuy nhin mat bing cing phi rOng (trén 8m) va gid thdoh van 4 nhiéu tang Ré tién hon LA déng cite cit hin (Sheet piles) doc chu vi nha, Bi gif thinh di khi dio méng (néu ting him khOng siv, dt khong quia yCw) hay phai giling ching thém trong quia trinh dao, Cate eit a _ thu hdi khi dé beton viich ham oan chink. Rémi p hinh 1 e3 ahd. eich hosing 0,6+1.5m doe chu vi khudn vi é tinh sat dat, Bain than thép hinh 1 Ram ct evo, digw nay chi Ii khi ting hiiow stu hay ham 6 thé 6, bon van tin din dio dén dau hin da gitng 66 thé chén luda trong beton vach 9 cling phdi duve chéng xién nu edn va todn bd edt att ting him. Cée thanh chdng xién néu dat ding vi tri mOng, cong dude chén mot phan va khi beton di cting sé cat bd. (H6) Vige dng cit tram, tin vin ching thanh chi thye hign dé voi nhing tnuéing hop ah khong 6 ting him hay ting hém khong siv = 2m nghia lad} siu dit méng khong gla Ido. Phuong dn nay rift nguy hiém déi v6i nhung viing dt ya yeu, mue mente ned cao nba khi nude ngan 66 Ap hte nhigu cong trinh o6 ting him di xdy dung QUI: khu ve Ly Ty Trong- Ban Bat trinh da phiti dén bi thigt hai cho nhding , day ne ch (Khich san Giai # QL.) vain khang siy ra stro. New lai eit ahigu edn nha Han cn vi méng nha eG bi chuyén vi do thi cong ting hm aha moi, kam mitt wing, thém chi nghiéng aha. Khi da 06 bign phép tan thinh thich hyp ri thi phuing Kh6ng) cng déu kha thi, Xin chi ¥ ving bign phip chéng vach phi duse an toin tuyét di, tinh Io fA. tat ed nhitng biga php ay, kien nghi vaeh ting him vin phd chich biéncéng ‘inh 16% thiéu 1a 0.5m, nghie vim bat bude phi nhd tai, theo cae phia c6 céng trinh Kin can twting ting. Khi & 18 dudi dang lech tam, tre tm ede sun eting cia méng vutdn ra khi qua khoi ting him, IV. TINH TOAN MONG mong nao (u ign tich mat bing xay dung cde e6t ph wing xay chen, dé din bao an on Trong tat ci nhng uwwng hop tinh todn thye t& cho edn . gid thuyét mong tuyét dé ettng thuting phai duve théa man. Gia thie nay hd 0 jn ohait cba site bén vat ligu. toa bs twyén inh, gid héa vige tinh toan, chit yu dé ap lye dit duidi diy méng dutge xem nh pha twain thd nhing cOng thife dein BGI vdi mEng be cho php: Va muda digu nay dat due . 6 thé thay ngay phuiing an ming chain vit (HL) sé phi cin y ra, dui diy mong chi cdn dng xudt nen, dign tic rong dé khit nhing n m6ng chan vit khong hop IY ting xuit_k6o do Me Méng duige xem i tuy6t di cting khi [4] vai hichiéu cao eda dim mong