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copyright owner.
The procedures in this text are based on the most current recommendations of responsible sources. The NF PA and the publisher, however,
make no guarantee as to, and assume no responsibility for, the correctness, sufficiency, or completeness of such information or recommenda-
tions. Other or additional safety measures may be required under particular circumstances. This text is intended solely as a guide to the
appropriate procedures to be employed when responding to an emergency. It is not intended as a statement of the procedures required in any
particular situation, because circumstances can vary widely from one emergency to another. Nor is it intended that this text shall in any way
advise firefighting personnel concerning legal authority to perform the activities or procedures discussed. Such local determ ination should be
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Notice: The individuals described in "You are the Brigade M ember" and "Brigade M ember in Action" throughout this text are fictitious.
Additional illustration and photographic credits appear on page 832, which constitutes a continuation of the copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
NFPA.
Industrial fire brigade : principles and practice / International Association of Fire Chiefs [and] National Fire Protection A ssociation ; [written
by] Scott Dornan. p. cm.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7637-3502-9 (pbk.)
ISBN-10: 0-7637-3502-7 (pbk.)
1. Industries—Fires and fire prevention. 2. Fire departments—Standards. I.
Title.
TH9445.M 4D67 2007
363.37—dc22
2007004656
6048
Printed in the United States of America
11 10 09 08 07 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
 Chapter 1 Brigade Member Qualifications and Safety ..................................... 1
2 Standard Operating Procedures and Guidelines..............................56
3 Fire Service Communications ..........................................................66
4 Incident Management System.............................................................. 90
5 Fire Behavior ......................................................................................... 118
6 Building Construction ......................................................................... 140
7 Portable Fire Extinguishers ...............................................................168
8 Brigade Member Tools and Equipment .......................................... 206
9 Ropes and Knots .................................................................................. 232
10 Response and Size-Up ......................................................................... 268
11 Forcible Entry ....................................................................................... 286
12 Ladders ................................................................................................... 318
13 Search and Rescue .......................................................................... 362
14 Ventilation ..............................................................................................400
15 Water Supply .................................................................................. 438
IB Fire Hose, Nozzles, and Streams ................................................... 456
17 Foam......................................................................................................... 524
18 Brigade Member Survival ................................................................ 544
19 Salvage and Overhaul .......................................................................562
20 Brigade Member Rehabilitation .........................................................596
21 Fire Suppression .................................................................................. 612
22 Pre i nci de n t Pla n n i n g ........................................................................... 642
23 Assisti n g S pecial Rescue Teams .................................................. 666
24 Terr oris m A ware ness ........................................................................... 690
25 Fi re De tect i o n, Pr otec ti o n, a n d S u p pr essi o n S y ste ms ................. 718
26 Fi re Ca use De ter mi n at i o n ..................................................................752
27 Fire Bri ga de Lea der .............................................................................774
ApilliiX A NFPA 10 81, Stan dard for Industrial Fire Brigade Member
Profession al Qu alificati o ns, 2 00 7 Editi o n ........................................ 788
Appendix B NFPA 1081, Standard for Industrial Fire Brigade Member
Professional Qualifications, 2007 Edition, Correlation Guide . . 804
Glossary ............................................................................................. 8 0 8
Index ................................................................................................ 8 2 2
Photo Credits ...........................................................................8 3 2

Brigade Member Qualifications
and Safety................................... 1
Brigade Member Qualifications ............................................ 4
Roles and Responsibilit ies of the Fire Brigade Member . . 4
Inci pi ent Industri al Fi re Bri gade M em ber ........................................... 4
Adva nce d Exteri or Indu stri al Fi re Bri gade Me mber .............................. 6
Interi or Structur al Indu stri al Fi re Bri gade Me mbe r ............................. 6
Ro les With in the Depart ment ............................................. 7
General Rol es ................................................................................
7 Repl aci ng SC BA C yli nders ........................................................... 47
Speci ali zed Respon se Rol es ........................................................... 7
Brigade Member Requirements ........................................... 7
Age Requi rements ..........................................................................7
Trai ni ng and Educati on Requi rement s ..............................................7
Medi cal Requi reme nts ....................................................................8
Phy si cal Fi tness Requi rements ........................................................8
Emerge nc y Medi cal Care Requi rements .............................................8
Brigade Member Safety ..............................................................8
Cau se s of Bri gade Me m ber De aths and Inj uri es ..................................8
Inj ury Pre venti on .........................................................................9
Standards and Proc edure s ...............................................................9
Personnel .................................................................................... 10
Trai ni ng ..................................................................................... 10
Equi pment .................................................................................. 10
Safety and Health ..................................................................... 10
Safety Duri ng Trai ni ng .................................................................. 11
Safety Duri ng Emerg enc y Re spon se ................................................11
Safety at Emergen cy Inci dents ....................................................12
Safety at the Fi re Stati on ...............................................................15
Safety Outsi de Your Work pl ace .....................................................15
Personal Protective Equip ment ........................................ 16
Standard s for Person al Protecti ve Equi pment ...................................16
Structural Fi refi ghti ng Ense m bl e ...................................................17
Don ni ng Pers onal Protecti ve Cl othi ng .........................................23
Doffi ng Per so nal Protecti ve Cl othi ng...............................................24
Care of Pers onal Protecti ve Cl othi ng ..............................................24
Speci ali zed Protecti ve Cl othi ng .......................................................27
Respiratory Protection ...................................................... 27
Res pi ratory Ha zard s of Fi res .........................................................27
Other To xi c Envi ronments ..............................................................29
Condi ti ons T hat Requi re Re spi ratory Prote cti on ...............................29
Typ es of Breathi ng Apparat us .........................................................29
SCBA Standard s and Regul ati ons ..................................................30
U se s and Li mi tati ons of Sel f -Contai ned Bre athi ng Apparatu s ............31
Co mpon ents of Self -Contai ned Breathi ng Apparatu s ........................32
Pathwa y of Ai r Throug h an SCB A ..................................................35
Ski p-Breathi ng Tech ni que ............................................................ 35
Mounti ng Breathi ng Apparatus ..................................................... 35
Donni ng Sel f-Contai ned Breathi ng Appar atus ..................................36
Donni ng the Fa ce Pi ece ................................................................ 41
Safety Preca uti ons for Self -C ontai ned Breathi ng Appar atus .............. 41
Prepari ng for Emerge nc y Situati ons ................................................ 41
Doffi ng Self-Co ntai ned Breathi ng Apparatu s ....................................41
Putting It A ll Together: Donning
the Entire PPE Ensemble .............................................43
SCB A Inspe cti on and Mai ntenan ce ............................................... 45
Servi ci ng SCB A C yli nders ............................................................. 46
Refilli ng S CBA Cyl i nders .............................................................. 48
Cl eani ng and Sani ti zi ng SCBA ....................................................... 48
Wr a p - U p .....................................................................................5 2
Standard Operating Procedures
and Guidelines ...........................56
Introduct ion ...............................................................................58
What Are SOPs/SOGs? .......................................................58
The Difference Bet ween SOPs and SOGs .......................58
Developing SOPs .................................................................60
SOP Content .........................................................................60
Imp lementat ion and Rev ision ...........................................60
Post-Incident Analysis..............................................................63
Conclusion..................................................................................63
Wrap-Up ................................................................64
Fire Service Communications 66
Introduct ion............................................................................... 68
The Co mmun icat ions Center ................................................ 68
Tel ecom muni cators ....................................................................... 69
Co m muni cati ons Fa cili ty Requi rem ents ........................................... 69
Co m muni cati ons Center Eq ui pment ................................................ 70
Co mputer-Ai ded Di sp atch (C A D) .................................................... 70
Voi ce Re corder s and A cti vi ty Logs .................................................. 70
Call Re spon se and Di spatch ......................................................... 71
 Tjnunications Center Operations ................................ 71
Receiv ing and Di spatchi ng Emergen cy Call s ................................... 72
Call Recei pt ................................................................................ 72
CaHRecs ipi ............................................................................... 73
Z z Cl as si fi c ati on an d Pri ori ti zati on .............................................. 74
Unit Sel ecti on .......................................................................... 74
... ................................................................................74
Ope rational Support and Coordi nati on............................................ 75
Satus Tr ac ki ng and Depl oy me nt Manag em ent .................................. 75
R a di o S y s t e m s ...................................................................... 7 5
3
^di o Equi pm ent ..........................................................................76
:
2:i o S y st e m s ........................................................................... 77
_s -g a Radi o .............................................................................. 79
Incident Reports ........................................................................81
j-v.r.g Calls: Emergency, Nonemergency
and Personal Calls .............................................................. 83
p-Up ....................................................................................86
Incident Management System .......... 90
Introduction .............................................................................. 92
-__ ; ::rv of the Incident Management System ................. 93
iiaracteristics................................................................... 95
j.ri s di cti o nal A uth ori ty ................................................................. 95
- -Ri s k an d All -H a zar d Sy ste m ...................................................... 96
NIMS and the Pri vate Sector ......................................................... 96
E.eryd ay A ppli ca bili ty ...................................................................96
Unity of Co mmand ......................................................................97
Span of Control ...........................................................................97
Modul ar Organi zati on .................................................................. 97
Co m mon Te rmi nol ogy .................................................................. 97
"egr ated Co m mu ni cati ons ............................................................97
I:i s oli date d In ci de nt A cti on Pl an s .................................................98
Emergen cy Re spon se Oper ati ons Pl an .............................................98
l esi gnated In ci dent F aci li ti es ....................................................... 98
Resource Manage ment ................................................................ 98
IMS Organization ............................................................. 98
Command ................................................................................... 99
Deputies and Assi stants ............................................................. 100
Ge nera l Staff Fun cti ons ...............................................................100
iard IM S Concepts and Terminology ........................ 104
Si nal e Re sour ces and C rew s ........................................................104
Branches ................................................................................ 105
Locati on De si gnators ................................................................. 105
Implementing IMS ................................................................. 106
Standard Po siti on Ti tl es ............................................................. 108
W o rk i n g W i t h i n t h e In c i d e n t M a n ag e m e n t S y s t e m . . . 1 0 8
Respons ibilit ies of the First-A rriving Bri gade Me mbers ................... IDS
Confi rmati on of Co m mand ........................................................ 109
Transfer of Co mman d ................................................................. 110
Wr a p - U p ................................................................................ 1 1 2
Fire Behavior .............................. us
Introduct ion .............................................................................120
Fire Tetrahedron ..................................................................... 120
Method s of Exti ngui sh ment ..................................................... 121
Fuel ......................................................................................... 121
O xy gen and Oxi di zi ng Agents ..................................................... 123
Heat .........................................................................................123
Type s of Energy ........................................................................ 123
Che mi cal Chai n Reacti on ........................................................... 123
Chemistry o f Co mbustion .................................................... 123
Products of Co mbustion .......................................................124
Smo ke Parti cl es ................................ .' ......................................124
Vapor s and Mi sts ...................................................................... 124
Gases ....................................................................................... 125
Heat Transfer ......................................................................125
Condu cti on ................................................................................ 125
Conve cti on ...............................................................................125
Radi ati on ................................................................................. 126
Characteristics of Liqu id Fuel Fires .............................. 127
Charac ter is tics of Gas Fuel Fires ................................... 127
Vapor Density ............................................................................ 127
Flammability Limits ....................................................................127
Boiling-Liquid, Expanding-Vapor Explosion (SLEVE) .................. 129
Classes of Fire ......................................................................... 129
Cl ass A Fi res ............................................................................ 129
Cl ass B Fi res ............................................................................ 129
Cl ass C Fi res ............................................................................ 130
Cl ass D Fi res ............................................................................130
Cl ass K Fi res ............................................................................130
Phases of Fire .......................................................................... 130
Inci pi ent Phase .......................................................................... 130
Gro wth Phase ............................................................................ 130
Fl ashover ................................................................................. 131
Full y Devel oped Phase ...............................................................131
Decay Phase.............................................................................. 131
 V iH I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
Characteristics of an Interior Structure Fire ............... 132
Room Contents.......................................................................... 132
Fuel Load and Fire Spread ........................................................... 132
Special Considerations in Structure Fires ...................................... 133
Wrap-Up ................................................................................ 136
Building Construction 140
Introduct ion ............................................................................ 142
Occupancy ...............................................................................
142
Contents ................................................................................ 142
Types of Construction Materials ..........................................143
Masonry ................................................................................143
Concrete....................................................................................144
Steel .........................................................................................144
Other Metals..............................................................................144
Glass .......................................................................................145
Gypsum Board ..........................................................................145
Wood .......................................................................................146
Plastics .....................................................................................147
Types of Construction .....................................................147
Type I Construction: Fire Resistive ..............................................147
Type II Construction: Noncombustible .......................................149
Type III Construction: Ordinary ...................................................149
Type IV Construction: Heavy Timber .........................................151
Type V Construction: Wood Frame .............................................152
Bu ilding Co mponents ........................................................... 153
Foundations .............................................................................153
Floors and Ceilings ..................................................................154
Roofs .......................................................................................155
Trusses......................................................................................157
Walls .......................................................................................158
Doors and Windows .................................................................. 159
Interior Finishes and Floor Coverings .......................................... 162
Buildings Under Construction or Demolition ................................ 162
Wrap-Up .................................................................................. 164
Portable Fire Extinguishers ies
Introduct ion ............................................................................ 170
Purposes of Fire Extinguishers ............................................ 171
Incipient Fires............................................................................ 171
Special Extinguishing Agents ..................................................... 171
Classes of Fires........................................................................ 172
Class A Fires ............................................................................ 172
Class B Fires ............................................................................ 172
Class C Fires ............................................................................ 172
P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E
Class D Fires ............................................................................173
Class K Fires .............................................................................173
Classification of Fire Ext inguishers .............................. 174
Labeling of Fire Extinguishers............................................. 175
Traditional Lettering System ....................................................175
Pictograph Labeling System ....................................................... 175
Fire Ext inguisher Placement .......................................... 176
Classifying Area Hazards............................................................. 176
Determining the Appropriate Class of Fire Extinguisher ................. 177
Methods of Fire Extinguishment ................................................. 178
Types of Ext inguishing Agents ............................................ 178
Water ...................................................................................... 178
Dry Chemical ........................................................................... 179
Carbon Dioxide.......................................................................... 179
Foam ....................................................................................... 180
Wet Chemical ........................................................................... 181
Halogenated Agents ................................................................. 181
Dry Powder ............................................................................... 181
Fire Ext inguisher Design ...................................................... 181
Portable Fire Extinguisher Components ......................................... 182
Fire Ext inguisher Characteristics .................................... 183
Water Extinguishers ................................................................. 183
Dry Chemical Extinguishers......................................................... 184
Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers ..................................................... 185
Class B Foam Extinguishers ....................................................... 186
Wet Chemical Extinguishers ....................................................... 186
Halogenated-Agent Extinguishers .............................................. 186
Dry Powder Extinguishing Agents ............................................... 186
Use of Fire Ext inguishers...................................................... 187
Selecting the Proper Fire Extinguisher .......................................... 187
Transporting a Fire Extinguisher .................................................. 187
Basic Steps of Fire Extinguisher Operation ................................. 190
Ensure Your Personal Safety ....................................................... 190
The Care of Fire Extinguishers:
Inspection, Maintenance, Recharging,
and Hydrostatic Testing ...............................................193
Inspection ................................................................................. 193
Maintenance ..............................................................................193
Recharging ...............................................................................201
Hydrostatic Testing ....................................................................201
Wrap-Up ................................................................................. 20 2
Brigade M ember Tools
and Equipment 206
Introduct ion ............................................................................ 208
General Considerations......................................................... 208
Safety........................................................................................208
Conditions of Use/Operating Conditions ..................................... 208
Effective Use.............................................................................. 208

Functions ................................................................................. 209
Rotati ng Tool s ......................................................................... 209
Pus hi ng/Pulli ng Tool s .............................................................. 212
Pryi ng/Spreadi ng Tool s ............................................................... 213
Stri ki ng Tool s ...........................................................................214
Cutti ng Tool s ............................................................................216
Mul ti pl e Fu ncti on To ol s ...............................................................219
Speci al Use To ol s .......................................................................221
Phases of Use ........................................................................221
Respon se/Si ze-Up ......................................................................221
For ci bl e Entry ............................................................................221
Interi or Fi refi ghti ng Tool s and E qui pme nt .......................................222
O verhaul Tool s and Equi pme nt ................................................... 224
Tool Staging............................................................................. 225
Maintenance............................................................................ 225
Cl eani ng and Insp ecti ng Sal vag e, O verha ul, and Ventil ati on Equi pment
and Tool s ........................................................................... 225
Cl eani ng and Insp ecti ng Hand T ool s ........................................... 226
Cl eani ng and Insp ecti ng Power Tool s .......................................... 226
- Up ................................................................................ 2 2 8
Ropes and Knots ...........................232
Introduct ion ..................................................................... 234
Types of Rope .......................................................................... 234
Life Safety Rope ........................................................................ 234
Personal Escape Ropes ............................................................... 235
Utili ty Rop e ............................................................................... 236
Rope Materials .................................................................... 236
Natural Fi bers ............................................................................ 236
Syntheti c Fi bers ........................................................................ 236
Rope Construction .............................................................238
Twi sted and Brai ded Rope ........................................................... 238
Kernmantl e Rope ........................................................................ 238
Dyn ami c and Stati c Rope ............................................................. 239
Rope Strength ...................................................................239
Technical Rescue Hardware ..................................................240
Harnesses ..................................................................................240
Rope Rescue .............................................................................. 240
Rope Maintenance .............................................................243
Care..........................................................................................243
Cl eani ng ....................................................................................243
Inspecti on..................................................................................244
Storage .....................................................................................245
Knots .........................................................................................245
Ter mi nol ogy .............................................................................246
Safety Knot ................................................................................247
Hitches ......................................................................................248
Loop Knots ............................................................................... 249
Bends ........................................................................................254
Ta ble of C onte nts
ix
Hoisting.................................................................................... 258
Hoi sti ng an Axe .........................................................................258
Hoi sti ng a Pi ke Pol e ...................................................................259
Hoi sti ng a Ladder ......................................................................259
Hoi sti ng a Char ged H ose Li ne ..................................................... 261
Hoi sti ng an Un char ged H os e Li ne ............................................... 261
Hoi sti ng an Exh au st Fan or Pow er Tool ....................................... 261
Wr a p - U p ................................................................................ 2 6 6
Response and Size-Up 268
Introduct ion ............................................................................ 270
Response ............................................................................. 270
Al arm Re cei pt ............................................................................ 270
Ri di ng the Apparatus ................................................................... 272
Emergenc y Respon se ................................................................. 273
Prohi bi ted Practi ce s .................................................................. 273
Di sm ounti ng a Stopped App aratus ................................................ 273
Traffi c Safety on the Scene ........................................................... 273
Arrival at the Incident Scene ............................. I .............274
Perso nnel Acco untabili ty Syste m ..................................................275
Co ntrolli ng Utili ti es .....................................................................275
Size-up ......................................................................................277
Man agi ng Informati on .................................................................277
Probabili ti es ...............................................................................280
Resources ..................................................................................280
Incident Action Plan ............................................................. 281
Rescue ..................................................................................... 281
Expo sure Protecti on ...................................................................282
Confi ne ment ..............................................................................282
Exti ngui sh ment ..........................................................................282
Sal vage and O verhaul .................................................................282
Wr a p - U p .................................................................................. 2 8 4
Forcible Entry............................... 286
Introduct ion ............................................................................ 288
Forcib le Ent ry Situations...................................................... 288
Forcible Entry Tools ........................................................... 289
General Tool Safety .................................................................... 289
G eneral Carr yi ng Ti ps ................................................................. 289
Ge neral Mai ntenance Ti ps ........................................................... 290
Ty pes of For ci bl e Entry To ol s ....................................................... 290
Doors......................................................................................... 294
Basi c Door Con stru cti on ............................................................. 294
Con stru cti on Materi al ................................................................ 294
Typ es of Doors ............. .'........................................................... 295
X I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E : P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E

Windows ..................................................................... 300

Safety .............................................................................. 300
Glass Construction ........................................................... 301
Frame Designs ................................................................. 301
Loc ks .................................................................................. 306
Parts of a Door Lock .......................................................... 306
Parts of a Padlock.............................................................. 306
Safety .............................................................................. 307
Types of Locks ................................................................. 307
Breaching Walls and Floors ........................................... 310
Load-bearing/Nonbearing Walls ........................................ 310
Exterior Walls .................................................................. 310
Interior Walls ................................................................... 310
Floors .............................................................................. 312
Forcib le Entry and Salvage ....................................... 313
Before Entry ..................................................................... 313
After Entry ........................................................................ 313
Wrap-Up ........................................................................... 314

Ladders .............................................318
Introduct ion ......................................................................... 320
Functions of a Ladder........................................................ 320
Secondary Functions of Ladders ............................................ 321
Ladder Construction .......................................................... 321
Basic Ladder Components ..................................................... 321
Extension Ladder Components ............................................... 322
Types of Ladders.................................................................. 323
Aerial Apparatus .................................................................. 323
Portable Ladders................................................................... 324
Inspection, Maintenance, and Serv ice Testing
of Portab le Ladders ................................................. 327
Inspection ............................................................................ 327
Maintenance......................................................................... 328
Cleaning .............................................................................. 329
Service Testing ...........................,...................................... 329
Ladder Safety .................................................................... 330
General Safety Requirements................................................... 330
Lifting and Moving Ladders.................................................... 330
Placement of Ground Ladders ................................................ 330
Working on a Ladder ............................................................. 331
Rescue .............................................................................. 332
Ladder Damage ..................................................................... 332
Using Portab le Ladders ...................................................... 332
Ladder Selection ............................................................... 332
Removing the Ladder from Apparatus ..................................... 333
Lifting Ladders .................................................................... 335
Carrying Ladders ........................................................................ 335
Placing a Ladder.......................................................................... 342
Raising a Ladder ......................................................................... 343
Securing the Ladder ................................................................... 352
Climbing the Ladder .................................................................... 352
Dis mounting the Ladder .............................................................. 354
Working from a Ladder ............................................................... 354
Wrap-Up .............................................................................. 358

Search and Rescue ...........................362

Introduct ion .......................................................................... 364
Search and Rescue ............................................................... 364
Coordinating Search and Rescue with Fire Suppression ................... 365
Search-and-Rescue Size-Up ........................................................ 365
Outdoor Process Area Size and Arrangement ............ 367
Search Coordination ................................................................... 368
Search Priorities ...................................................................... 368
Search Techniques .......................................................... 368
Primary Search............................................................................ 369
Secondary Search........................................................................ 373
Search Safety .................................................................... 373
Ris k Management ........................................................................ 373
Search-and-Rescue Equipment .................................................... 374
Methods to Determine if an Area Is Tenable .................................... 375
Rescue Techniques ......................................................... 376
Shelter-in-Place ......................................................................... 376
Exit Assist .................................................................................. 376
Simple Vic tim Carries .................................................................. 377
Emergency Drags ....................................................................... 383
Assisting a Person down a Ground Ladder...................................... 390
Removal of Victims by Ladders .................................................... 396
Wrap-Up .............................................................................. 398

Ventilation .........................................400
Introduct ion .......................................................................... 402
Benefits of Proper Ventilation............................................ 404
Factors Affecting Ventilation ........................................ 405
Convection ................................................................................. 405
Mechanical Ventilation ................................................................ 405
Wind and Atmospheric Forces ...................................................... 405
Bu ilding Construction Considerations ........................ 406
Fire-Resistive Construction........................................................... 406
Ordinary Construction.................................................................. 406
Wood-Frame Construction .......................................................... 406

Tactical Priorities ............................................................... 407
Venting for Life Safety ................................................................ 407
Venting for Fire Containment ....................................................... 407
Venting for Property Conservation ................................................ 407
Locat ion and Extent o f Smo ke and Fire Condit ions . . 407
Types of Ventilation ............................................................... 408
Horizontal Ventilation ........................................................... 408
Mechanical Ventilation ............................................................... 412
Vertical Ventilation ............................................................ 416
Safety Considerations in Vertical Ventilation ................................ 417
Basic Indicators of Roof Collapse ................................................ 418
Roof Construction ...................................................................... 418
Roof Designs ............................................................................ 421
Vertical Ventilation Techniques ...................................... 424
Roof Ventilation ....................................................................... 424
Tools Used in Vertical Ventilation.................................................. 425
Types of Roof Cuts .................................................................... 426
Special Considerations .....................................................431
Ventilating a Concrete Roof.......................................................... 431
Ventilating a Metal Roof ............................................................. 431
Ventilating a Basement ............................................................... 431
Ventilating Windowless Buildings ............................................... 432
Ventilating Large Buildings ......................................................... 432
Backdraft and Flashover Considerat ions ..........................433
Backdraft .................................................................................. 433
Flashover ................................................................................. 433
Wrap-Up . ...............................................................................434
Water Supply .............................. 43s
Introduct ion ............................................................................ 440
Water Supply ....................................................................... 440
Static Sources of Water ...............................................................441
Industrial Water Systems ..................................................... 442
Water Sources ......................................................................... 442
Water Distribution System................................................... 442
Types of Fire Hydrants .................................................... 444
Wet-Barrel Hydrants ...................................................................444
Dry-Barrel Hydrants ...................................................................444
Fire Hydrant Locations ......................................................... 446
Fire Hydrant Operat ion ........................................................ 446
' Operating a Fir e Hydrant ..............................................................446
Shutting Down a Hydrant ...........................................................446
Maintaining Fire Hydrants ................................................... 448
Inspecting Fire Hydrants .............................................................448
Testing Fire Hydrants ................................................................451
Wrap-Up ................................................................................ 454
Ta ble of C onte nts xi
Fire Hose, Nozzles, and Streams
456
Introduct ion .............................................................................460
Fire Hydraulics ..........................................................................460
Fire Hoses ...........................................................................461
Functions of Fire Hoses ............................................................461
Sizes of Hose ............................................................................461
Hose Construction .....................................................................462
Hose Couplings ........................................................................463
Attack Hose................................................................................466
Supply Hose ..............................................................................470
Hose Care, Maintenance, and Inspection ...................... 471
Causes and Prevention of Hose Damage .......................................471
Cleaning and Maintaining Hoses...................................................472
Hose Inspections ......................................................................472
Hose Appliances and Tools .............................................. 473
Wyes ........................................................................................473
Water Thief ................................................................................473
Siamese .................................................................................. 476
Adaptors................................................................................... 476
Reducers .................................................................................. 476
Hose Jacket ............................................................................. 476
Hose Roller ............................................................................... 477
Hose Clamp ............................................................................. 477
Master Stream Devices .............................................................. 477
Valves....................................................................................... 478
Hose Rolls ........................................................................... 479
Overview of Hose Rolls ............................................................... 479
Fire Hose Evo lutions ............................................................. 479
Supply Line Operations .............................................................. 479
Loading Supply Hose ................................................................ 487
Connecting an Engine to a Water Supply ...................................... 492
Attack Line Evolutions................................................................. 492
Hose Carries and Advances......................................................... 499
Connecting Hose Lines to Standpipe
and Sprinkler Systems........................................................... 511
Replacing a Defective Section of Hose ........................................... 512
Draining and Picking Up Hose ..................................................... 512
Unloading Hose ......................................................................... 512
Nozzles ................................................................................ 512
Nozzle Shut Offs ....................................................................... 513
Smooth Bore Nozzles ................................................................ 514
Fog Stream Nozzles .................................................................... 514
Other Types of Nozzles ............................................................... 516
Nozzle Maintenance and Inspection .............................................. 518
Wrap-Up ................................................................................. 520
 XH I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
Foam ............................................................... 524
Introduct ion ............................................................................ 526
How Foam Works.................................................................. 526
Foam Tetrahedron........................................................................527
Expansion Rates ....................................................................... 527
Foam Concentrates ............................................................... 527
Protein Foam ............................................................................527
Fluoroprotein Foam ..................................................................528
Film-Forming Fluoroprotein Foam (FFFP) .....................................528
Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)............................................ 528
Alcohol-Resistant Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AR-AFFF) ............528
Synthetic Detergent Foam (High Expansion) .................................. 528
Foam Characteristics ............................................................. 529
Foam Percentages ........................................................... 529
Foam Production .............................................................. 530
Foam Proportioners ......................................................... 530
Foam Gu idelines .................................................................... 530
Foam Equ ip ment .............................................................. 531
Foam Proportioning Systems ...................................................... 531
Foam Tactics ...................................................................... 535
Spill Fires ................................................................................. 535
Three-Dimensional Fires ............................................................. 536
Diked Fires................................................................................ 537
Tank Fires ................................................................................. 539
Wrap-Up .................................................................................. 542
Brigade Me mber Surviv al 544
Introduct ion ............................................................................ 546
Risk-Benefit Analysis ................................................................ 546
Hazard Indicators ...................................................................... 547
Safe Operat ing Procedures ................................................... 548
Team Integrity............................................................................ 548
Personnel Accountability System.................................................. 549
Emergency Communications Procedures........................................ 550
Rapid Intervention Company/Crew (RIC) ...................................... 551
Brigade Member Survival Procedures ................................ 554
Maintaining Orientation ............................................................... 554
Self-Rescue ............................................................................. 555
Safe Havens ............................................................................. 555
Air Management .....................................................................556
Rescuing a Downed Brigade Member ............................................ 557
Rehabilitation ..........................................................................557
Crit ical Incident Stress .................................................... 558
Wrap-Up .................................................................................. 560
P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E
Salvage and Overha ul .................. 562
Introduct ion............................................................................. 564
Lighting .................................................................................... 564
Safety Principles and Practices ................................................... 564
Lighting Equipment .................................................................... 565
Battery-Powered Lights ............................................................... 565
Electrical Generators ................................................................... 566
Lighting Methods ...................................................................... 566
Cleaning and Maintenance .......................................................... 567
Salvage Overview ................................................................ 567
Safety Considerations During Salvage Operations ......................... 567
Salvage Tools ........................................................................... 568
Using Salvage Techniques to Prevent Water Damage . . 569
Master Streams and Property Conservation .................................. 569
Controlling Extinguishing Agents ................................................. 569
Deactivating Sprinklers .............................................................. 569
Removing Water ....................................................................... 573
Using Salvage Techniques to Limit Smoke
and Heat Damage ............................................................. 578
Salvage Covers.......................................................................... 578
Floor Runners ............................................................................ 583
Other Salvage Operations ........................................................... 583
Overhaul Overview................................................................ 583
Safety Considerations During Overhaul ........................................ 583
Coordinating Overhaul with Fire Investigators ............................... 587
Where to Overhaul ..................................................................... 587
Overhaul Techniques .......................................................588
Overhaul Tools .......................................................................... 589
Opening Walls and Ceilings ....................................................... 589
Covering Openings on Walls, Ceilings, or Windows ........................ 592
Covering Floor and Roof Openings .............................................. 593
Wrap-Up ..................................................................................59 4
Brigad e Me mb er Re ha bilit atio n ....... 596
Introduct ion ............................................................................ 598
Factors, Cause, and Need fo r Rehab ilitat ion ....................599
Personal Protective Equipment ....................................................599
Dehydration ..............................................................................599
Energy Consumption...................................................................599
Tolerance for Stress.....................................................................600
The Body's Need for Rehabilitation ................................................600
Types of Incidents Affecting Brigade Member
Rehabilitation .............................................................. 601
Extended Fire Incidents................................................................601
Tank Farm Fires and Flammab le Liqu id
or Gas Fires........................................................................ 601
Other Types of Incidents Requiring Rehabilitation ........................... 601
 Table of Contents xiii

How Does Rehabilitation Work? ....................................603

Physical Assessment ................................................................ 603
Revitalization ........................................................................... 603
Medical Evaluation and Treatment ............................................... 608
Regular Monitoring of Vital Signs ............................................... 608
Transportation to a Hospital ...................................................... 608
Critical Incident Stress Management ............................................ 609
Reassignment ............................................................................ 609
Personal Responsibility in Rehabilitation ....................609
Wrap-Up ...................................................................................610

Fire Suppression............................... en
Introduct ion ............................................................................ 616
Offensive versus Defensive Operations............................... 616
Command Considerations ...........................................................617
Operating Hose Lines ........................................................ 618
Fire Streams...............................................................................618
Water Hammer ..........................................................................619
Interior Fir e Attack ......................................................................620
Large Handlines ........................................................................622
Master Stream Devices ...............................................................624
Protecting Exposures............................................................. 627
Vehicle Fires ............................................................................ 631
Attacking Vehicle Fires .............................................................. 632
Flammable Liquids Fires ...................................................... 633
Hazards ................................................................................... 633
Suppression ............................................................................. 634
Flammab le Gas Characteristics ..................................... 634
Compressed-Gas Cylinders......................................................... 634
Boiling-Liquid, Expanding-Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) .................... 634
Propane Gas ............................................................................. 635
Propane Hazards........................................................................ 635
Fires Involving Electricity ................................................. 636
Injuries ..................................................................................... 637
Class C Fire Extinguishing Agents................................................ 637
Preservation of Evidence....................................................... 639
Finding the Point of Origin ......................................................... 639
Wrap-Up ................................................................................. 640

Preincident Planning 642

Introduct ion............................................................................. 644
Preincident Plan ...................................................................... 644
Target Hazards .......................................................................... 646
Developing a Preincident Plan ..................................................... 646
 Conducting a Preincident Survey ................................... 647
Site Drawings ........................................................................... 647
Preincident Planning for Response and Access ............................. 648
Preincident Planning for Scene Size-Up ........................................ 650
Tactical Informat ion ..................................................... 654
Considerations for Water Supply .................................................. 654
Utilities ..................................................................................... 655
Preincident Planning for Search and Rescue ................................. 655
Preincident Planning for Forcible Entry ........................................ 656
Preincident Planning for Ladder Placement ................................... 656
Preincident Planning for Ventilation...............................................657
Occupancy Considerat ions .............................................657
Assembly Occupancies ..............................................................657
Locations Requiring Special Considerations .................657
Special Hazards .........................................................................659
Fire Prevention Techniques ................................................. 661
Fire Safety Surveys .....................................................................661
Fire Safety Inspections ...............................................................661
Wrap-Up .................................................................................. 664

Assisting Special Rescue Teams .66 6

Introduct ion ............................................................................ 668
Types of Rescues Encountered by Brigade Members . . 668
Guidelines fo r Operat ions.................................................... 669
Be Safe..................................................................................... 669
Follow Orders............................................................................ 669
Work as a Team.......................................................................... 669
Think ....................................................................................... 669
Steps of Special Rescue ......................................................... 670
Preparation ............................................................................... 670
Response ................................................................................. 670
Arrival and Size-Up .................................................................... 671
Stabiliz ation ............................................................................. 671
Access ..................................................................................... 672
Disentanglement ........................................................................ 672
Removal ................................................................................... 672
Transport ................................................................................. 673
Postincident Duties ................................................................ 673
Security of the Scene and Preparation for the Next Call ................. 673
Postincident Analysis ................................................................ 676
General Rescue Scene Procedures ................................. 676
Approaching the Scene .............................................................. 676
Utility Hazards ......................................................................... 676
Scene Security .......................................................................... 677
Protective Equipment ............................................................... 677
Incident Management System(IMS) ........................................... 677
Accountability ............................................................................ 677
Making Victim Contact .............................................................. 678
 XI V I N D U S T R I A L F I R E B R I G A D E :
Assisting Rescue Crews .........................................................678
Vehi cl es an d Ma chi nery .............................................................678
Confi ned Space ..........................................................................679
Rope Rescue ............................................................................. 680
Trench and Ex cavati on Coll apse .................................................... 681
Structural Col l apse .................................................................... 683
Haz ardou s Materi al s Inci dents ...................................................... 684
Elevator Rescue ....................................................................... 684
Wrap-Up .................................................................................. 686
Terrorism Awareness .....................690
Introduct ion .............................................................................692
Fi re Servi ce Re spon se to Terrori st Inci dents .................................... 692
Potential Targets and Tactics ............................................693
Ecoterrori sm Targ ets ..................................................................693
Infrastructure Targets ...................................................................693
Symb oli c Targets ......................................................................694
Ci vili an Targets .......................................................................... 696
Cyberterrori sm Targets ............................................................... 696
Agroterrori s m Targets ................................................................ 696
Agents and Devices ................................................................ 696
Expl osi ves and Incendi ary De vi ces ............................................... 696
Chemi cal Agents ........................................................................ 698
SLUDGE and the Trip le Bs ............................................. 700
Bi ol ogi c Agents .......................................................................... 702
Radi ol ogi cal Agents ................................................................... 705
Operat ions................................................................................706
Ini ti al Acti ons ............................................................................707
Interagenc y Co ordi nati on .............................................................708
Deconta mi nati on ........................................................................ 708
Mas s Ca sualti es ........................................................................ 709
Addi ti onal Reso urce s ................................................................. 710
Ho meland Security Presidential Direct ives ...................... 712
Wrap-Up .................................................................................. 714
P R I N C I P L E S A N D P R A C T I C E
Fire Dete ction, Protect ion, and
Suppression Systems 71s
Introduct ion ............................................................................ 720
Fire A larm and Detection Systems .................................... 720
Fi re Al arm S yste m Co mpone nts ....................................................720
Al arm Initi ati ng De vi ces ................................................................722
Al ar m N oti fi cati on Appli anc es .....................................................727
Other Fi re Al arm F uncti ons .........................................................727
Fi re Al arm Ann unci ati on Sy stem s ..................................................728
Fi re Bri gade Noti fi cati on .............................................................729
Fire Suppression Systems ............................................... 731
Automati c Spri nkl er Syste ms ........................................................731
Standpi pe Sy stems .....................................................................741
Speci ali zed Exti ngui shi ng Sy ste ms ...............................................745
Wr a p - U p .................................................................................. 7 4 8
Fire Cause Determination ............. 752
Introduct ion............................................................................. 754
Who Condu cts Fi re Inve sti gati ons? .............................................. 754
Causes of Fires ........................................................................ 755
Fi re Cau se Stati sti cs ................................................................... 756
Acci dental Fi re Cau se s ...............................................................756
Determin ing the Cause and Origin of a Fire ...................756
Identi fyi ng the Poi nt of Ori gi n ......................................................756
Di ggi ng Out ..............................................................................759
Evi dence....................................................................................759
Wi tnesses ..................................................................................761
Observat ions Du ring Fireg round Operat ions ............ 764
Di spatch and Re spons e ...............................................................764
Arri val and Si ze- Up .....................................................................764
Entry ........................................................................................ 765
Search and Res cue .................................................................... 765
Ventil ati on .............................................................................. 765
Suppressi on ............................................................................. 766
Overhaul .................................................................................... 767
Inj uri es and Fataliti es ................................................................. 767
Securing and Transferring the Property .......................76"
Incendiary Fires ...................................................................770
Indi cati ons of Arson ................................................................... 771
Wrap-Up ...................................................................................772
 Table of Cont ents xv

Fire Brigade Leader ........................................... 774

Introduction ......................................................... 776
Supervisory Functions ......................................... 777
Personnel Issues ................................................. 779
Mutual Aid ......................................................
780
Safety ................................................................. 780
Preplanning .................................................... 781
Administrative Issues ...................................... 781
Investigations ...................................................... 783
Summary ............................................................ 785
Wrap-Up .......................................................... 786

NFPA 1081 i Standard for Industrial

Fire Brigade Member Professional
Qualifications, 2007 Edition,
Correlation Guide ................................................ 804
Glossary ............................................................ sos
Index .................................................................. 822
Photo Credits ...................................................... 832

NFPA1081, Standard for Industrial

Fire Brigade Member Professional
Qualifications, 2007 Edition .................................. 788
Chapter 1 9-6 Fig ur e Ei g ht K n ot .......................................................... 2 52
1-1 D onning P ersonal P rot ect ive Clot hing ................ 23 9-7 Fig ur e Ei g ht on a Big ht ................................................ 25 2
1-2 D offing P ersonal Prot ect ive Clothing .......................24 9-8 Fig ur e Ei ght F ollo w - T h r ou g h ............................... 2 5 4
1-3 Donning SCBA from a Seat-M ount ed Bracket . . . .36 9-9 Bo wline ....................................................................... 2 54
1-4 D onning SCBA from a Comp art ment M ount . . .36 9-10 Sh e et o r B e ck et B en d ............................................... 2 5 4
1 -5 D onning SCBA U s ing the O ver-t he-H ead 9-11 H oistin g an A x e ........................................................ 2 5 8
M ethod ....................................................................36 9-12 H oistin g a Pi k e Pol e ................................................. 2 5 9
1-6 D onning SCBA U s ing the Coat M et hod ..................38 9-13 H oi stin g a L a dd e r .......................................................... 2 60
1-7 D onning a F ace P iece ...................................................41 9-14 H oi stin g a Ch a r g ed H o s e Li n e .................................... 26 1
1-8 Doffing SCBA ....................................................................42 9-15 H oi stin g a n U n c h a r g e d H o s e Li n e ........................... 26 1
1-9 Daily SCBA Insp ect ion ...............................................45 9-16 H oi stin g a n E x h a ust F a n .............................................. 26 1
1-10 M ont hly Insp ect ion..........................................................45
1-11 Rep lacing an SCBA Cylinder......................................... 48 Chapter 10
10 -1 M o untin g A p p ar atu s .................................................27 2
Chapter 3 10 -2 Dis m o untin g A p p ar atu s ......................................27 3
3-1 U sing a R adio .............................................................. 79
3- 2 O p e r atin g an d A ns w e ri n g Fir e St atio n T el ep h o n e Chapter 11
a nd Int e r co m Sy st e ms .........................................83
1 1- 1 Fo r ci n g E ntr y i nt o a n I n w a r d - O p e ni n g D o o r . . . 2 9 6 1 1 - 2
Fo r ci n g E nt r y int o a n O u t w a r d - O p e ni n g D o o r . . 2 96 11 - 3
Chapter 7 O p e nin g a n O v e r h e ad G a r ag e D o or U si ng th e
7- 1 Tr a ns po rting a Fir e Extin g uish er ....................... 19 0 Tri a ngl e M et h od ......................................................3 00
7- 2 O p e r atin g a C a rb o n D io xi d e E xti ng uis h e r .... 19 0 11- 4 F or cin g E ntry T hr ou gh a Wo o d en D o ubl e- H u ng
7- 3 A tta c kin g a Cla ss A Fir e w ith a St or e d - Pr e ssu r e Wi n d o w ...............................................................30 3
Wa t er - Ty p e Fi r e E xting uish e r ......................... 19 0
1 1- 5 F or ci n g E nt r y T h ro u g h a C a s e m e nt Wi n do w . . .3 0 5 1 1- 6
7- 4 Att a c ki ng a Cl as s A Fir e wit h a M ulti pu r po s e D r y
Fo r cin g E ntr y T h ro u gh a P r oje ct e d or F a cto r y
Ch e mi c al Fir e Exti ng uis h er .................................. 191
Wi n d o w ...............................................................3 06
7- 5 A tta c kin g a Cla ss B Fl a m m a bl e Li qui d Fir e
11- 7 F or cin g E ntry U sin g a K To ol .............................3 0 8
wit h a D r y C h e mi c al Fi r e E xtin g uis h er .............. 191
11- 8 F or cin g E ntry U sin g an A T ool ............................... 3 09
7- 6 A tta c kin g a Cla ss B Fl a m m a bl e Li qui d Fir e
wit h a Sto r ed -P r es su r e F o a m Fir e E xtin g uis h er 11 -9 F or cin g E ntr y by U ns cr e wi ng th e L o c k .......... 3 10
( A F F F o r F F FP ) ....................................................... 191 11 -1 0 Br e a c hin g a Wa ll Fr a m e .............................................. 31 2
7- 7 U s e o f We t C h e mi c al Fir e E xtin g uish e rs .............191 11- 11 Br e a chin g a M as onr y Wa ll ........................................ 31 2
7- 8 A p pl yin g a H alo g e n ate d Exti ng uis hin g A g e nt t o 11- 1 2 B r ea c hin g a M et al Wall ............................................ 31 2
a Fir e i n a n El e ct ri c al E q ui p m e nt R o o m . . . .1 9 3 11 -1 3 Br e a c hin g a Fl oo r ...................................................... 31 2
7- 9 Us e o f D ry P o w d er Fi r e E xtin guis hin g A g e nts . .
19 3 Chapter 12
12 -1 O n e-P e rs on C a rr y ..................................................... 3 36
12- 2 T w o- Pe rso n Sh ould e r Ca rr y .................................... 3 37
9-1 Pl a cing a Lif e S af ety R op e into a R op e B ag .........24 5 12 -3 Th r e e-P e rso n Sh o uld er C a rr y ............................ 3 38
9-2 S af ety K not ................................................................. 2 48 12- 4 T w o -P ers on Str aight ar m C a rry ................................ 3 38
9- 3 H a lf H it ch ............................................................. 2 49 12 -5 Th r e e-P e rso n Str aig hta r m C arr y ............................3 39
9- 4 Clo v e Hit c h Ti e d in th e O p e n ................................ 2 49 12-6 Thr e e-P erso n Flat Ca rry ......................................3 4 0
9- 5 Clo v e Hit c h Ti e d A ro u n d a n O b j e ct ..................... 24 9
 12- 7 Fo ur -P erso n Fl at C ar ry ........................................ 34 0
12- 8 T hr e e- Pe rs on Flat Sh ould e r Ca rr y ..................... 34 0
12- 9 Fo ur -P ers on Flat Sh oul de r C arr y ............................34 2
12-10 O n e -P e rso n Fl at R ais e f or L ad d er s U n d e r 14' . . . 34 3
12-11 O n e- P ers on Fl at R aise f or L ad d er s O v er 1 4' . . . . 34 4
12-1 2 T ying th e Haly ard .....................................................34 6
12-13 T wo-P erson Be a m R aise ..............................................34 6
12-1 4 T w o-P erso n Flat R aise .................................................34 8
12- 1 5 Th r ee -P ers on Fl at R ais e ...............................................34 9
12- 1 6 F ou r-P e rso n Fl at Rais e ............................................34 9
12-17 Cli mbi ng t he L a dd e r Whil e C a rr yin g a T ool . . . . 3 52
12 -1 8 Wo rki ng f ro m a L ad d er ................................................35 6
Chapter 13
13-1 On e-P erson Wa lking Assist ...................................37 7
13-2 T w o-P erson Walking Assist ..................................37 7
13- 3 T wo -P ers on E xtre mity C arr y ................................ 3 77
13-4 T w o-P erso n S eat Ca rry ........................................ 37 8
13- 5 T wo -P ers on Ch air C arr y ..................................... 37 8
13- 6 C r adle -in- A r ms Ca rr y ............................................... 38 3
13-7 Clothes Dr ag ............................................................... 38 3
13-8 Blan ket Dr ag ............................................................... 38 3
13-9 St andin g Dr a g ............................................................. 38 3
13- 1 0 We b bin g Slin g D r ag ................................................ 38 4
13-11 Brigad e M em ber D rag ................................................ 38 4
13 -1 2 O n e -P er so n E m e rg e n cy D ra g fr o m a V e hicl e . . . .3 84
13- 1 3 Lo ng B a c kb oa rd R es c u e .............................................. 38 5
1 3- 1 4 R e s c ui n g a C o ns ci o u s P e r so n f r o m a Wi n d o w . . 39 1
13 -1 5 R es c uin g an U n co ns cio us Vi ctim
fr o m a Win d o w ....................................................391
13 -1 6 R es c uin g an U n co ns cio us S m all A d ult
fr o m a Win d o w ....................................................391
13- 1 7 Res c uin g a L ar g e A dult .............................................39 6
Chapter 14
14-1 Br e a kin g Gl ass with a H a n d T ool ................................40 9
14-2 Br e a kin g a Wi nd o w wit h a L a dd e r ............................ 41 1
14-3 N e gativ e -Pr ess ur e V entilatio n ..................................... 41 2
14-4 Positive-P re ssur e V e ntilation ...................................41 5
14-5 So un di ng a R oo f ............................................................ 41 8
14-6 O p e r atin g a P o w e r S a w ................................................ 4 26
14- 7 R e cta ng ula r or Sq u ar e Cut ....................................... 4 26
14-8 Lo uv er Cut .................................................................. 4 28
14-9 Tri ang ular Cut ....................................................... 4 29
14-1 0 Tr en ch C ut .................................................................... 43 0
Chapter 15
15- 1 O p er ating a Fir e H y dr ant ................................... 4 46
15 -2 S h utting D o w n a H y dr a nt ........................................ 4 46
Chapter 16
16- 1 R e pla cing th e S wiv el G as ket .............................. 4 6 4
16 -2 P e rf or mi ng th e O n e-P e rso n Fo ot- Tilt M et ho d
of C o upli n g a Fir e H os e ..................................... 46 5
16- 3 P erf or mi ng th e T w o-P e rso n M et ho d for
Co u plin g a Fi re H os e ............................................. 4 65
16 -4 P e rf or mi ng th e O n e-P e rso n K n e e -P re ss M et h od
of U n co u plin g a Fi re H os e .............................. 46 5
16- 5 P erf or min g th e T w o-P e rson Stiff- A r m M eth od
fo r U n c o upli ng a H o s e ........................................... 46 5
16 -6 U n c ou plin g H os e with Sp a n ne rs ......................... 4 65
16- 7 C on n ectin g T w o Li ne s with D a m ag ed
Co u plin g ................................................................... 46 6
16- 8 Cl ea nin g a nd M ai ntai ning H os es ............................4 72
16-9 M ar king a D e fe ctive H os e ......................................47 3
16- 1 0 Rolling a Str aig ht H os e Roll ........................................47 9
16- 11 P er for mi ng a Singl e D onut H os e Roll ....................47 9
16 - 12 P e rf or mi n g a D ou bl e D o n ut H o s e R oll ....................47 9
16- 1 3 Pe rf or min g a S elf- L oc kin g D ou bl e D on ut
H os e R oll .................................................................. 47 9
16 -1 4 Pe rf o r min g a Fo r w a rd H os e L a y .......................... 4 84
16- 15 Using a Fo ur - Wa y V alv e ......................................... 48 5
16- 1 6 P er fo r min g a R ev ers e La y ...................................... 4 86
16 -1 7 Pe rf o r min g a Split H os e La y ................................. 4 8 6
16- 18 P erf or min g a Fl at Hos e L o ad ..................................... 48 7
16 - 19 P e rf or mi n g a H or s esh o e H os e L o a d ......................... 4 87
16 -2 0 Pe rf o r min g a n A c c or dio n H os e Lo a d .................... 4 90
16- 21 Atta chin g a S oft S u ction H os e
to a Fi r e H y d r a nt .................................................... 4 92
16 - 22 Att a chi n g a H a rd S u ctio n H o s e
to a Fi r e H y d r a nt .................................................... 49 2
16 -2 3 Lo a din g t h e Mi n ute m a n H os e Lo a d ........................ 4 96
16 - 24 A d va n ci ng th e Mi nut e m a n H os e L o a d ................. 4 96
Chapter 16 (continued)
16 - 2 5 L o a din g t h e P r e co n n e ct ed Fl at L o ad ..................4 96 19-1 C on d u ctin g a G e n e r at or T est ...................................... 5 67
16 - 26 A d v a n cin g t h e P r e co n n e cte d Flat H os e L o a d . . . 49 6 19-2 U si ng S p rin kl er St o ps ................................................... 571
16 -2 7 L o adi ng th e T ripl e L ay e r H os e Lo a d ........................ 4 9 7 19-3 U sin g Sp rin kl er We d g e s ......................................... 571
16 -2 8 A d v an ci ng th e T ripl e L ay e r H os e Lo a d ................... 4 97 19-4 Clo s e a n d R e - O p e n M a i n C o ntr ol
16 - 29 U nlo a din g a n d A d v a n cin g Wy e d Li n es ................... 49 3 V alve ( OS & Y) ...................................................... 571
16 - 3 0 A d v a n cin g a H o s e fr o m a n O c c u p a nt - Us e H o s e 19-5 Clo se an d O p en M ai n C o ntr ol V al v e (PI V ) .............. 57 2
C abi n et .................................................................. 50 0 19-6 C o nstr u ct a Wa t e r C h ut e ............................................. 57 4
16- 3 1 A d va n cing a H os e f ro m a H os e Re el ....................... 50 0 19-7 Co nst ru ct a Wa t er C atc h - All .................................... 575
16 - 32 P er f or mi n g a Wo r kin g H o s e D r a g ....................... 501 19-8 O n e-P ers on S alv ag e C ov er F old .............................. 57 8
16 - 3 3 P e r fo r mi n g a S h oul d er C ar r y .................................... 50 6 19-9 T wo- Pers on S alvag e Cov er F old.................................... 57 8
16 - 34 A dv a n cin g an A c c or dio n L o a d .................................. 50 6 19-10 Fol d a nd R oll a S alv a g e C ov e r .................................... 58 0
16 - 3 5 A d v a n cin g an U n c h a rg e d H os e Lin e U p 19-11 O n e- P ers on S alv a g e Co v er R oll ............................... 583
a St air w a y ............................................................. 50 8 19-12 Sh ould e r T oss ................................................................. 583
16 - 36 A dv a n cin g a H os e Lin e D o w n a St air w a y ............... 50 8 19-13 Balloon Toss ....................................................................58 3
16 - 3 7 A d v a n cin g an U n c h a rg e d H os e Lin e U p 19-14 Pull a C eilin g U si ng a Pi k e Pol e .................................58 9
a L ad d e r .............................................................. 50 8 19-15 O p e n an I nt e rio r Wa ll U sin g a Pic k - H e a d A x e . .5 8 9
16 - 38 O p e r atin g a Fir e H os e fr o m a L a dd e r .................... 50 9 19-16 C ov e ri ng O p e nin gs on Wa lls , C eili ng s, o r
16 - 3 9 C on n e cti ng a H o s e Li n e to S u ppl y a Fir e Wi n d o w s ...................................................................59 2
D e p a r t m e nt C on n e c tio n ........................................ 511
16 - 4 0 C on n e cti ng a nd A d v a n cin g a n Att a c k Li n e f ro m a Chapter 21
St an d pi p e O u tl et ................................................. 512 21- 1 P e rfo r min g a Di re ct Att ac k ..................................62 0
16-4 1 Re pla cing a H ose Se ction .......................................... 512 21 -2 P er fo r min g a n In dir e ct Att a ck .................................621
16 -4 2 D rai n H os e a n d C ar ry ................................................ 512 21 - 3 P er fo r mi ng a C o m bin atio n A tta c k ..................... 621
16 -4 3 O p er atin g a S m o oth B or e N o zzl e ............................51 4 21 - 4 O n e -P e rs o n M e t ho d f o r O p e r atin g
16 -4 4 O p er atin g a F o g N o z zle .............................................51 6 a L a r g e H a n dlin e ............................................... 62 2
21 -5 T w o- P ers on M et ho d fo r O p er atin g
Chapter 17 a L a r g e H a n dlin e ............................................... 622
17- 1 Pl a cing a F oa m Lin e in S er vic e ..........................5 34 21 - 6 O p e r atin g a D e c k G u n ....................................... 625
17 -2 P er fo r min g t h e Roll - O n M eth o d .......................53 8 21 - 7 S et U p an d O p e r at e a P ort abl e M o nitor ............... 625
17 -3 P er fo r min g t h e Bo u nc e - O ff M e th od .......................53 9 21 - 8 L o c atin g a n d Su p pr essi n g Fi r es B e hin d Walls a nd
17 -4 P er fo r min g t h e R ain- D o w n M et ho d .......................53 9 U n d e r Su b flo o rs ...................................................... 629
17 -5 Cal c ulatin g t he A ppli c ation R at e fo r St or a g e 21 - 9 S up pr e ssin g a Fl a m m a ble G as Cylin d e r Fi re . . . . 6 36
T an ks ..........................................................................5 40
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