Article Title: Energy policy and alternative energy in Malaysia: Issues and

challenges for sustainable growth

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract..........................................................................................................................2

1.0 Introduction.........................................................................................................3

2.0 Summarize the Article.........................................................................................3

3.0 Critique on Article...............................................................................................7

4.0 Conclusion...........................................................................................................8

REFERENCES.............................................................................................................10
 Abstract

Energy is necessary for how we live. A nation's development and wellbeing depend
on having inexpensive access to reliable and secure energy sources, whether it be in
the form of oil, gasoline, or electricity. Nevertheless, a lot of individuals take one of
its benefits for granted without realizing the impact that electricity has on their daily
life. After depending mostly on oil and gas for 50 years, Malaysia has started to
recognize the value of include renewable energy in the energy mix and is regularly
reviewing its energy strategy to maintain a secure and sustainable energy supply. In
this essay, the intricacies of Malaysia's new and old energy policies, problems, and
difficulties are examined and discussed. The country's development, promotion, and
execution of its energy efficiency programmed will continue to place a strong
emphasis on the sufficiency, quality, safety, and sustainability of both non-renewable
and renewable energy supplies. Recently, the National Green Technology Policy's
introduction was also addressed.
1.0 Introduction

This article is study about energy policy and alternative energy in Malaysia:
issues and challenges for sustainable growth. This article was conducted in December
2009 by Tick Hui Oh, Shen Yee Pang and Shing Chyi Chua. This article was
distributed by Malaysia Multimedia University (MMU). This study's goal is to discuss
the many energy policies that Malaysia has so far established, including the National
Green Technology Policy, in order to guarantee the long-term sustainability,
dependability, and security of the country's energy supply for ongoing economic
development. This article will also be updated and examine the current Five Fuel
Diversification Strategy energy mix's non-renewable and renewable energy (RE)
resources. There will also be presentations of various Malaysian energy saving
initiatives and the most recent alternative energy sources. Finally, we will discuss the
difficulties encountered in the green implementation, as well as.

2.0 Summarize the Article

Peninsular Malaysia now has a 47% energy reserve margin with a total
installed capacity of 20,493 MW. The maximum demand for power is predicted to
climb by an average of 4% yearly would roughly quadruple from the present proposal
to 23,099 MW in 2020. Currently, there is a 1.5-2. % Increase in energy consumption
(and corresponding greenhouse gas emissions) for every 1% increase in gross
domestic product (GDP). Since then, industrialization has led to a rise in energy
consumption, which has climbed by 337% from 19,932 GWh in 1990 to 87,164 GWh
in 2007. In reality, the years between 1990 and 2000 are known for their tremendous
economic expansion and double-digit increases in power demand. The Federal
Government of Malaysia and Non-Finance Public Enterprises (NFPE) have invested a
significant sum of money from provisions to keep the public's access to a sufficient,
dependable, and cheap supply of power. For instance, the 8th Malaysia Plan allocated
RM27.9 billion (US$7.75 billion) to the power supply industry to execute projects for
generation, transmission, distribution, and rural electrification. That sum is anticipated
under the 9th Malaysian Plan, raised to RM30 billion (US$8.33 billion). The
predicted growth in Malaysia's power coverage from 89.5% in 2000 to 95.1% in 2010
is the result of significant investment, robust legislation, and rural regions. In
Peninsular Malaysia, 99% of the population is presently electrified. Trends in
Malaysia's total energy demand and energy mix, respectively.

While this is a sustainability problem that provides safety, dependability, and a

variety of energy sources, there are significant issues facing Malaysia's energy
industry. concerns with security and dependability for supply is essential to ensuring
the successful implementation of development projects that would temporarily boost
Malaysia's economy. It's crucial to have a variety of energy sources so that nations are
not just dependent on one type of energy. The globe is more cautious now. Many
nations throughout the world have embraced the use of green technology as one of the
practical options to simultaneously solve the issues of energy and the environment.
Green technology is a technology that enables us to advance more quickly while also
minimizing the adverse effects on the environment. To implement green technology,
however, the world must develop means that are more efficient and effective than
those of other, more extensively used, and, albeit less expensive, less necessarily
superior, technologies.

After that, relating to the energy policies and outlook in Malaysia that has
been stated by researchers, Malaysia will undoubtedly continue to require more
energy as it develops quickly, creating a significant energy burden. Only 0.3% of the
5% target set by the 8th Malaysia Plan (2001-2005) for the country's power
production from renewable sources has been met. This is stressed once more in
Malaysian plans, which further promote efforts to utilize TBB resources and use
energy efficiently. The creation of the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and
Water to replace the Ministry of Energy, Communications and Multimedia earlier this
year shows how seriously Malaysia is taking the promotion of the idea that becoming
"clean and green" is the best course for building a sustainable economy. Launch The
April 2009 National Green Technology Policy has been updated. Datuk Seri Najib
Tun Razak, the prime minister, need to lead by example, offer advice, and open up
fresh prospects for commerce and industry. The National Green Technology Policy is
based on four pillars: research to achieve energy independence and encourage
efficient usage, conservation and minimizing environmental damage, boosting the
nation's economic development through technology consumption, and raising
everyone's standard of living. In accordance with national policies, such as the
National Framework Perspective Plan, where the growth goals for the nation will
continue to be balanced with environmental concerns, it will also serve as the
foundation for all Malaysians to enjoy a higher quality of life. While fossil fuels are
anticipated to continue to be the primary energy source for the ensuing ten years,
renewable energy sources like wind, solar, biomass, biofuels, and geothermal heat are
anticipated to grow by a factor of two between now and 2030. However, even then,
their share of the energy mix is anticipated to be substantial—roughly 5.9% of the
world's total energy demand.

This article also discusses regarding energy mix and alternative energy. Before
the 1981 implementation of the Four Fuel Diversification Strategy, oil accounted for
87.9% of Malaysia's energy mix. To prevent becoming overly dependent on oil, the
government has pushed energy resource diversification since the global oil crises of
1973 and 1979. As of January 2008, Malaysia has 5.46 billion barrels of proven oil
reserves. The majority of the nation's reserves are thought to be of exceptional grade
and are situated off Peninsular Malaysia's east coast. Despite Malaysia's oil
production somewhat declining in 2006, some new oil production projects have
recently come online. This abundant natural resource has been a significant energy
producer in Malaysia since the early 2000s. Since its discovery in 1983, when oil
ceased to be the primary source, its proportion to the energy mix has increased.
Malaysia had verified natural gas savings totaling 88 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) as of
January 2008. With Singapore and Indonesia, Malaysia already conducts small-scale
natural gas pipeline trades, and according to PETRONAS, Trans-Thailand-Malaysia
Gas project construction was completed in 2006.
The Pipeline Infrastructure enables Malaysia to connect its domestic pipeline system
to natural gas from the Malaysia-Thailand JDA. This connection is a significant step
toward the intended "Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline" (TAGP) system's implementation.
The TAGP system envisions the creation of a transnational pipeline network linking
significant natural gas producers and consumers in South East Asia. Malaysia is an
obvious choice to act as a hub in the projected TAGP project due to its location and
large natural gas infrastructure.

A thorough TBB policy in relation to the National Green Technology Policy

has been developed by the recently reorganized Ministry of Energy, Green
Technology, and Water. The TBB policy offers the guidelines and resources
necessary to overcome technological obstacles, correct market failures that are
already present, level the playing field for this technology, and cut prices while
making RE a significant part of the nation's energy mix. However, even if the
importance of public policy is obvious, it is insufficient. The government must take
the lead and figure out how to inspire support for a sustainable energy plan among the
general people. The case for RE has mostly become an environmental one up to this
point. Without a doubt, nuclear energy is regarded as a practical and reliable energy
source to support the nation's socioeconomic growth after 2020. In addition to
ensuring the country's energy security, this will also assist lower the nation's overall
GHG emissions, which is important given the new global system that will replace the
current one. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), which will finish in 2012, consolidates current Kyoto Protocol
obligations. Additionally, RE continues to be the longest-term safest and cleanest
viable energy options. Aspiration for nuclear energy Although there is growing
scientific evidence in favor of converting to RE, economic and political
considerations are more complex and entail hard trade-offs.

It can be conclude based on this article, by increasing reliance on fossil fuels

that are not renewable in Malaysia. Since Malaysia is anticipated to become an
importer of clean oil by 2030, the energy industry has rendered the nation very
exposed to price fluctuations and interruptions in the fuel supply. The government's
concerted efforts to date have slowly gained traction due to worries about rising oil
prices and higher feed-in tariffs, but they must have raised public awareness of the
significance of TBB in this country's overall sustainable energy system even in the
face of numerous challenges from all directions. Although it is obvious that Malaysia
is not yet prepared to completely embrace renewable energy and eventually replace
non-RE with RE, the government, non-government organizations, and the general
population cannot become complacent. Instead, they should be more proactive and
collaborate to promote RE usage, making it more commonplace in daily life and
fostering the development of a green society.

3.0 Critique on Article

This paper clarifies significant issues and challenge for sustainable growth in
Malaysia. The conventions for organizational research articles are followed in this
article. The study's objectives, methods, and results have all been condensed into an
abstract. The scope of the research is also described. The association between the
elements under investigation is one of the paper's results. There are references in both
the text and the reference list. Basically, this essay is excellent. However, there are
some negatives. The abstract does not include information on the study's research
methods or the time frame it covered. Furthermore, methodology is not included in
the research strategy. Additionally, none of the study's findings, outcomes, or
suggestions for certain policies are presented. The research gap that would be
established to demonstrate the genuine impact of motivation on employee
performance is not truly there, as shown by a close examination of the problem
description, but is instead a long list of related issues. I believe that any research gaps
that really educate the study's participants should be highlighted in this report.
 The research methodology utilised to carry out the study was not disclosed by
the author. Furthermore, there is no explanation for why four banks and bank workers
were chosen as the sample size. The choice of factors utilized as explanatory variables
is not further explained in the research. Additionally, a regression model is needed for
this type of investigation, yet none is mentioned in the report when examining the
association between the variables. The employment of a descriptive research design
with a questionnaire is not justified. The data source is not specified, and the rating
scale would be preferable to the Likert scale used in the study because it is more of a
quantitative scale, which is not appropriate for the study. There are no estimating
methods or research designs. Overall, this article is not that simple to read at first, and
users don't really get where it's heading until the second page. It requires a new,
succinct beginning to pique readers' interest and encourage them to read the full piece.
The bulk of the text is gone once the reader encounters a genuinely excellent example
that is applicable to a public administrator's daily activities. Overall, it's a solid piece
of writing with a crucial message for public officials and organizations. When read as
a whole, the article is pertinent and highly compelling, however it begins off slowly
and never offers a specific strategy for handling this challenging issue.

4.0 Conclusion

In a conclusion, there are several suggestions that can be used by researcher in

this article which is the first is that the researcher should study or expand the number
of respondents in the future and should ensure that those who want to work together
can give commitment until the end of the study. This is because it can be said here
that, most of the studies or questionnaires given by the researcher to any party who
wants to cooperate cannot obtain the data that should be obtained by the researcher
such as respondents do not give commitment and so on. This should be avoided as it
is likely to affect the study conducted. Next, the other suggestion is the researcher
should use a variety of methods to obtain information. This means, researchers do not
only use the questionnaire method only because various quantitative methods that can
be carried out and the validity of the results are more accurate than the questionnaire
method, among them is to make an interview session with those who want to provide
cooperation. This will add more data that researchers want to look for. Through the
interview method as well, the researcher can ensure the validity of the data obtained.
Finally, a suggestion that can be used by researchers in the future is to get an extra
time to finish this study. This is because if the period given is too short, it will also
affect the lack of data that will be obtained by researchers. In order to obtain sufficient
data, the researcher should take a long time, especially want to conduct a study on
employees. This is so because the employee has other assignments and needs some
time to give or answer the given questionnaire. Researchers will also have extra time
to review the percentage of questionnaires that need to be replenished.
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Malaysia, Country Report from Malaysia, pp 1-7.

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Leo-Moggie, A. (1995) Keynote address, Proceedings of the Energy Malaysia 1995

Conference: Powering into the 21st Century.