Carlos Hilado Memorial State College

Carlos Hilado Memorial State College
Alijis Campus | Binalbagan Campus | Fortune Towne Campus | Talisay Campus
To be a leading GREEN institution of higher learning in the global community by 2030

(Good governance, Research-oriented, Extension-driven, Education for Sustainable Development & Nation-building)
College of Computer Studies iit.office@chmsc.edu.ph (63-34) 434-8148
As the term indicates, a visual impairment involves an issue with sight which interferes with a student’s
academic pursuits. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) officially defines the category
as “an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational
performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness.”
EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGES
Intelligence does not require sight; therefore, overcoming educational challenges is vital to enabling a
student with a visual impairment to reach his or her full academic potential. Such challenges may entail:
 Safely maneuvering around the classroom
 Conceptualizing objects
 Reading
 Operating standard educational tools such as calculators and word processing software
CAUSES AND TREATMENT OF VISION IMPAIRMENT

Eye Condition Observable Effects Management at School
Cortical visual impairment Often occurs with other disabilities Use clear and simple objects and
Eyes appear normal but (e.g., cerebral palsy). Very low or no colors to try to teach visual
there is damage to the vision. Problems making recognition.
nervous system that the sense of visual information Use other senses (touch and
brain uses to process visual hearing) for teaching and
information. CVI is caused communicating.
by brain damage.
Dry eyes Night blindness and gradual loss of Leafy vegetables and
Also called xeropthalmia or vision. The white part of the eye vitamin A supplements can
keratomalacia. A vitamin A becomes dull and wrinkles. The reverse the condition.
deficiency resulting from cornea may bulge and burst, causing
malnutrition. The eye blindness. The condition is reversible
becomes very dry and the in its early stages.
(63-34)712-0420
chmsc.edu.ph
@chmscofficialpage

cornea softens and forms

ulcers.
Glaucoma Fluctuating vision loss, over- Children with glaucoma
High pressure inside the sensitivity to light, loss of visual field. experience pain, which worsens
eyeball. Eye becomes Glaucoma can be stopped with during times of stress.
enlarged and blindness can medicine.
occur.
Hemianopia Loss of visual field. Students scan a Teach scanning skills. Use clear
Loss of vision in half the lot. Condition can be helped with markers at the beginning and end
visual field of each eye. surgery and medicine. If not corrected, of sentences and to mark
reading ability and other school other important visual
activities.can be seriously affected. information.
Hypermetropia Eye strain when reading. No special management is needed

Long-sightedness. Glasses are needed. if the child wears glasses.
Keratoconus Decreased distance vision in both Avoid heavy contact sports.
The cornea becomes cone eyes. Vision is distorted. Can be Avoid glare.
shaped. corrected with glasses but in some
cases a corneal transplant is needed.
Macular Disease Loss of clear vision and extreme Students need to sit close to the
Degeneration of the central short-sightedness. Over-sensitivity to chalkboard. Visual information
part of the retina. light. Loss of color vision. Tinted needs to be very clear and well
glasses and very strong glasses for marked.
distance viewing can help.
Myopia Blurry distance vision. No special management is needed
Short-sightedness. Glasses are needed. if the child wears glasses. Very
clear materials need to be
provided if glasses are not worn.
Nystagmus Uncomfortable vision, Provide shorter visual tasks.
Rapid, involuntary eye which worsens at times of Allow the child to position
movement. stress. themselves comfortably.
Optic atrophy Fluctuating vision loss. Very Larger, clearer printed material.
Degeneration of the optic strong glasses needed for Visual information needs to be
nerve. close and distant viewing. very clear and well marked.
Optic nerve hypoplasia Decreased vision, depending on Larger, clearer printed material.
Small, undeveloped optic severity of the condition. Very strong Visual information needs to be
nerves. glasses are needed for close and very clear and well marked.
distant viewing.
Retinal detachment Partial or total loss of sight. Avoid contact sports. Use bright
Detachment of the retina Surgery can correct the condition. lighting for reading and other
from head injury or other Very strong glasses can help. visual activities.
condition.
(63-34)712-0420
chmsc.edu.ph
@chmscofficialpage

Retinitis pigmentosa Loss of peripheral vision, loss of Restricted mobility in unfamiliar

Progressive degeneration vision in unlit places, tunnel vision, places. Encourage scanning.
of the retina. over sensitivity to light. Caution needs to be taken in
darker places.
Retinoblastoma Depth perception is affected if one eye If the student has lost an eye,
A tumour of the retina. is removed. Central or peripheral position the child where they can
vision loss, depending on the position best see the chalkboard.
of the tumour.
Retinopathy of prematurity Loss of vision or blindness, Use large print materials.
Scars of the retina in very short-sightedness and glaucoma. Encourage use of remaining
premature babies. Surgery may help. vision. Assist with mobility in
unfamiliar
places.
Strabismus Affects hand-eye coordination and Allow extra time for visual tasks.
Muscle weakness, causing depth perception. Surgery or
turned-in eye corrective glasses may help.
Toxoplasmosis Loss of central or peripheral Use large print materials and
Inflammation and scarring vision. Blind spots. clearly marked visual material.
of the retina.
Trachoma Irritation and inflammation of the Ensure that students and parents
An infection of the eyelids eyes, small lumps under the eyelids, adopt good hygiene practices,
and cornea, usually and partly cloudy cornea. keeping eyes and faces clean.
resulting from poor hygiene. Antibiotics can stop trachoma but
Can also be spread by flies. good hygiene is the best prevention.
As a general rule, students with vision impairments need clear, well-marked visual materials (e.g., diagrams
with important information highlighted or with arrows marking relevant parts), large, clear print in reading
material and good lighting. Teachers should also ensure that the classroom is kept free of hazards and that
chairs, desks, and so on, are not moved around all the time. This is to ensure that students with very low
vision do not trip or stumble but, rather, can learn the layout of their classroom. Teachers should also
compensate for students’ low vision by using more spoken information and asking other students to help
students with vision impairments with their work.
(63-34)712-0420
chmsc.edu.ph
@chmscofficialpage

Students with vision impairments are often very poor spellers, as they are not able to recognize the patterns
in words or to picture words, in the ways that students with normal sight do. Teachers need to be sensitive
to this particular need and not assume that the student has a learning difficulty because of their poor
spelling.
Frost et al. (n.d.). Professional development. Unit 5. Introduction to special education. Primary and Secondary Teacher Education
Project. Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID). GRM International. Retrieved from
pd-se-5-1-introduction-to-special-edu cation-lecturer.pdf
https://www.specialeducationguide.com/disability-profiles/visual-impairment/
(63-34)712-0420
chmsc.edu.ph
@chmscofficialpage

Carlos Hilado Memorial State College

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Carlos Hilado Memorial State College

Alijis Campus | Binalbagan Campus | Fortune Towne Campus | Talisay Campus

To be a leading GREEN institution of higher learning in the global community by 2030

CAUSES AND TREATMENT OF VISION IMPAIRMENT

To be a leading GREEN institution of higher learning in the global community by 2030

cornea softens and forms

Hypermetropia Eye strain when reading. No special management is needed

To be a leading GREEN institution of higher learning in the global community by 2030

Retinitis pigmentosa Loss of peripheral vision, loss of Restricted mobility in unfamiliar

To be a leading GREEN institution of higher learning in the global community by 2030

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