Parts of the Heart

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Wall heart has three layers:
What is a Circulatory System?
➢ The Circulatory system of the
human, known as the
cardiovascular system. It is a
transport system of the body
that is made up of tubes of
various sizes called blood
vessels and a pumping organ,
the heart. The fluid pumped
through the vessels is called
blood. It is a closed circulatory
system, since blood is confined
within vessels in its journey to
the body cells and back to the
heart.
Divided into four chambers:
➢ Supplies nutrients and remove waste
products from various body tissue
➢ Its function is maintaining homeostasis,
removing waste products, and delivering
oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other
important substances to cells and organs in
the body.
COMPONENTS OF THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
1. Heart
2. Blood
3. Blood vessel
● Epicardium - Outer layer. The fat cushion
for the heart.
● Myocardium - Muscular middle layer. The
primary cardiac muscle.
● Endocardium - Inner layer. Stretches as
the heart pumps. Composes the valves,
inner lining of chambers, and contains
vessels and nerves.
❖ Pericardium - a protective sac of
connective tissue that surrounds the heart, it
is filled with fluids.
● Right atrium - receives deoxygenated
blood from the body through the superior
vena cava.
● Right ventricle - receives deoxygenated
blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid
valve.
● Left atrium - oxygen-rich blood from the
lungs enters the left atrium through the
pulmonary vein.
● Left ventricle - receives oxygenated blood
from the left atrium via the mitral valve and
pumps it through the aorta via the aortic
valve.

HEART

➢ The heart is basically a hallow muscular
organ weighing approximately 300 gm. It
is about the size of a clenched fist, and
lies between the lungs, and protected by
the breastbone and ribs.
➢ Supplying oxygen and nutrients to the
tissues and removing carbon dioxide and
other waste.
➢ One complete sequence of contraction
and relaxation is called heartbeat.
❖ Septum - wall of the muscle that separates
the two sides of the heart
❖ Inferior Vena Cava - responsible for
transferring blood from the upper part of
the body to the heart.
❖ Superior Vena Cava - the largest vein in
the body for transferring blood from the
lower part of the body to the heart.
❖ Aorta - the main artery that carries the
blood away from your heart to the rest of
your body.

Valve - open and close to allow for proper blood

flow and ensure that blood flows only in one
direction.

The four valves:

● Tricuspid valve - located between the right

atrium and the right ventricle.
 ● Pulmonary valve (pulmonary semilunar) -
located between the right ventricle and
pulmonary arteries.
● Mitral valve (bicuspid valve) - located
between the left atrium and left ventricle.
● Aortic valve - located between the left
ventricle and aorta.
➔ Each valve has three flaps, except the mitral
valve, which has two flaps.
● Capillaries (microscopic vessels) - the
smallest blood vessels.
- A small blood vessel is where your
body exchanges oxygen-rich and
oxygen-poor blood. Capillaries
surround body cells and tissues to
deliver and absorb oxygen,nutrients,
and other substances.
● Veins (draining channel) - carry blood
back to the heart.
- Veins are blood vessels that are
located throughout your body that
collect oxygen-poor blood and
return it to your heart.

Well-known veins of the body:

- Superior Vena Cava (SVC)

- Inferior Vena Cava (IFC)
- Pulmonary Veins - transports blood from the
lungs to the heart.

BLOOD VESSELS

➢ They move blood to and from your

heart.
➢ Channels or conduits through which
blood is distributed to body tissues.

Three types of blood vessels:

● Arteries (distributing channel) - carry

blood away from the heart.
- Carries blood without oxygen from
the heart to the lungs. The
oxygenated blood is returned to the
heart by the pulmonary veins.

Well-known arteries of the body:

- Aorta - largest artery of the body.

- Coronary Arteries - heart
- Carotid Arteries - brain, head, face, and
neck.
- Vertebral Arteries - brain and spine
- Iliac Arteries - pelvis
- Femoral Arteries - legs BLOOD
- Subclavian Arteries - head, neck, and
arms. ➢ Known as the “river of life”
- Pulmonary Arteries - the only artery that ➢ Blood is a liquid connective tissue
transports deoxygenated blood to the that carries organic and inorganic
lungs. nutrients and oxygen to the cells of
the body, and carbon dioxide and
nitrogenous wastes away from the
cells of the body.
 ➢ Made up of red and white blood
cells, plasma and platelets.
➢ Protection against toxins,
pathogens, and blood loss injuries
➢ The average person has about 6
liters (12 pints)of blood, which
accounts for about 9 percent of the
body weight
White Blood Cells
➢ Protects your body from infection or
diseases caused by bacteria,
viruses, and other foreign
substances.
➢ Travel through blood vessel walls
and tissues to locate the site of an
infection.
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
➢ Red blood cells are shaped like flat disks
with two concave surfaces.
➢ The red blood cells are produced in red
bone marrow
➢ Are responsible for carrying oxygen from
our lungs to the rest of our bodies.
➢ Contains hemoglobin - the pigment found
in red blood corpuscles. It is a complex
protein containing iron. It combines easily
with oxygen and carbon dioxide
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
➢ Are tiny components of blood that help with
clotting. It is the body’s natural bandage
that helps prevent bleeding.
➢ Not true cells but are fragments of
cytoplasm from large bone marrow cells
known as megakaryocytes.
➢ Your platelets will cluster together at the site
of the wound to act as a plug which is cold
clotting.
➢ Are small, colorless fragments of cells.
Blood Plasma - is a light amber-colored
liquid component of blood in which
blood cells are absent, but contains
proteins and other constituents of
whole blood in suspension.
- 45%of blood is cellular and 55%
percent of blood is plasma.
The Rh Factor of the Blood
Rh factor - which can be either present (+)
or absent (-), Creating the most
common types
(A+,A- , B+, B- , O+,O- , AB+, AB-)
Blood Types: Blood Group
● Group A - has only A antigen on red cells
and B antibody in the plasma
● Group B - Has only the B antigen on red
cells and A antibody on plasma
● Group AB - Has both A and B antigens on
red cells but neither A nor B antibody in the
plasma
● Group O - Has neither A nor B antigens on
red cells but both A and B antibodies are in
the plasma.
THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATION
IN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Systemic Circulation- It provides the
functional blood supply to all body tissue. It carries
oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up
carbon dioxide and waste products. Systemic
circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left
ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in
the tissues of the body.
● Pulmonary circulation-It is the
system of transportation that shunts
de-oxygenated blood from the heart
to the lungs to be re-saturated with
oxygen before being dispersed into
the systemic circulation
● Coronary circulation- Is the
circulation of blood in the blood
vessels that supply the heart muscle
(myocardium). Coronary arteries
supply oxygenated blood to the
heart muscle. Cardiac veins then
drain away the blood after it has
been deoxygenated.
COMMON DISEASES OCCURING IN OUR
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Blood
● Anemia - a condition in which you lack
enough healthy red blood cells to carry
adequate oxygen to your body’s tissues.
 ● Leukemia - is a cancer of the body’s
blood-forming tissues, including the bone
marrow and the lymphatic system.
● Hemophilia -a rare disorder in which the
blood doesn’t clot in the typical way
because it doesn’t have enough
blood-clotting proteins.
Blood Vessels
● High Blood Pressure - also called
hypertension, is blood pressure that is
higher than normal.
● Pulmonary embolism (PE) - occurs when
a blood clot gets stuck in an artery in the
lung, blocking blood flow to part of the lung.
Proper Care for the Circulatory System
● Peripheral artery disease (PAD) - a
common condition in which narrowed
arteries reduce blood flow to the arms or
legs.
Heart
● Coronary Artery Disease - a disease in
which there is a narrowing or blockage of
the coronary arteries.
● Heart Attack - occurs when the flow
of the blood to the heart is severely
reduced or blocked
● Heart Failure - means that the heart
is unable to pump blood around the
body properly.
1. Eat healthy
2. Get active
3. Stay at a healthy weight
4. Quit smoking and stay away from
secondhand smoke.
5. Control your cholesterol and blood
pressure.
6. Drink alcohol only in moderation.
7. Manage stress