Mod 6 – Act.

2
Answer the following questions:

1. What are the major structural features of monosaccharides?

- Simple sugars and their derivatives are classified as monosaccharides. They are the
fundamental carbohydrate units that are used to make more complicated molecules. Carbon
atoms with hydrogen atoms connected, at least one hydroxyl group, and either an aldehyde
(RCHO) or ketone (RCOR) group make up monosaccharides.

2. Why is glucose abundantly found in nature?

- Glucose is a simple sugar which molecular formula is C6H12O6. It is the source of energy for
microbes, plants, animal and human beings. It is also found in many polymers. In plant
glucose found in the form of starch. In microbes, animal, and animal it is found in the form
of glycogen. Since it's provides instant energy in the presence of oxygen without oxygen it
gives less energy. Since each and every organism required energy to do work so it is
compulsory for all so it is found in abundance.

3. What reduction and oxidation products are formed from monosaccharides?

4. What are the major structural features of disaccharides?

- A disaccharide's structure is quite similar to that of a monosaccharide. They also have a

functional group that could be an aldehyde or a ketone, as well as several hydroxyl groups.
The main difference is that the two molecules are connected by a glycosidic bridge.

5. What are the differences in the polysaccharides cellulose, starch and glycogen?
- The key distinction between starch, cellulose, and glycogen is that starch is the primary
storage carbohydrate in plants, cellulose is the primary structural component of plant cell
walls, and glycogen is the primary storage carbohydrate energy source in fungi and animals.

6. Give examples of some carbohydrate derivatives that contain amino groups, amides, or
carbohydrate anions

Examples of carbohydrate derivatives that contain amino groups are:

 Examples of carbohydrate derivatives that contain amides are:

Examples of carbohydrate anions are:

7. What role do carbohydrates play in determining blood type?

- All people do synthesize a carbohydrate, called the H antigen which is a precursor
carbohydrate, which is attached to lipids or proteins on the outer surface of red blood cells.
Specific enzymes synthesized by the ABO genes attach additional monosaccharides to the H
antigen, and the completed carbohydrate determines that person's blood type.