Program of study (English)

I) Few talks about the informatic fundamentals

 Definition of informatic
 The computer and its components
 The network
 Importance of the network
 Different types of networks

II) The sentences

 Joining sentences
 The sequence of sentences
 Types of sentences
 If clauses
 Translation of the French expression “chez”
 Idiomatic use of some verbs
 Some rules about some ordinal’s numbers
 Few talks about the informatic
fundamentals

1) Definition of informatic:
The informatic is the set of scientific methods and the specific applicable technics to the
treatment of informatic chiefly due (effectuer) by automatic means.
It is at least a treatment of information and the management of the instruments or the
programs.
The informatic is the science of automatic treatment and rational of information.
2) The computer and the components:
A computer is an electronic machine that permits to stock some data (information) and to
treat them to the user’s demand in order to produce a precise result. It is essentially
decomposed in two parts (hardware and software).
The hardware which is the physical or materials part of a computer whereas software is the
logician part a computer. A computer which is an electronic machine is composed of central
unit and the peripherals organs. There are two systems for the using of a computer:
 The system mono-user, where only one user can be connected to the system.
e.g.: windows xp – 7 – 8 – 10 – 11
 The system multi-user where several users can be connected simultaneously to the
system. They are: systems of type server.

3) The network
The network is the set of the machines interconnected together with them and which can
exchange the data.
4) Types of networks
There are three (03) important types of networks among those which exist:
 LAN (Local Area Network): canal box, Congo Telecom…
 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): MTN, Airtel, Orange, Vodacom…
 WAN (Wide/World Area Network): Internet
 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
 POLAN (Passive Optical Local Area Network)
 CAN (Campus Area Network)
 PAN (Personal Area Network)
 VPN (Virtual Private Network)
 SAN (System Area Network)
 EPS (Enterprise Private System)
 SAN (Storage Area Network)
 P2P2 (Peer to Peer)
 WIFI (Wireless Fidelity)
 5) Internet
Internet is a world computer network constituted all over the world of a mesh (maillage) of
networks interconnected computer resources (national and regional).
6) Importance of the internet
Internet is composed itself as the tool of communication and information. Its selves to:
 Communicate instantaneously with friends, the nears or unknowns, without
geographical limitation;
 Share and discover center of interests, the points of view;
 Entertain while looking at the videos, listening and playing to music;
 Win of the time while by site merchants;
 Do administrative steps;
 Be informed more or less about all topics off detailed manuals.
 The sentences

I) Definition
By definition, a sentence is a set of words, a unit of thoughts. A sentence is a
means by which one person tries to make clear to another, what he/she feels or
thinks …
E.g.: Time is like money
No one is perfect
II) Types or kinds of sentences
They are three types of sentences among them: a simple sentence, a compound
sentence and a complex sentence.
a) A simple sentence
It expresses only one idea. A simple sentence contains one subject, one verb
and one complement or object.
E.g.: Someone knocked at the door.
Children like mangoes
b) A compound sentences
A compound sentences in opposite of a simple one, contains more than one
idea. But all the ideas expressed in a compound sentence are on equal value.
E.g.: Someone knocked at the door and waited for an answer.
There are two actions: Knocked at the door/ waited for an answer.
c) A complex sentence
It contains one main idea called “the main clause” and one or more second
ideas called “the subordinate clause” (Proposition secondaire ou
subordonnée).
E.g.: As soon as he arrived at home (subordinate clause) the man knocked at
the door (main clause).
We know (main clause) that the was right.
 III) Joining sentences
The words which are used to combine sentences are called “conjunctions”. The
main conjunctions used to form compound sentences are: and, but, so, yet,
whereas, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but, as soon as, in spite of, instead
of, because of, in order to, even if, however, despite, the fact that, so… that,
such… that, now that.
E.g.: Both my wife and me went to the holidays last week.
Not only he came late, but he made noise in class.
He goes to school in spite of he is sick.
IV) Tenses
There are four many groups of tenses:
- The simple present tense;
- The simple past or preterit tense;
- The present perfect tense
- The plus and past tense
a) Simple present tense eg: I am play tennis
b) Present continuous tense eg: I am playing tennis
c) Present or past tense eg: I played tennis
d) Present perfect eg: I have played tennis
e) Past continuous eg: I was playing tennis
f) Plus, perfect or past tense eg: I had played tennis
g) Simple future eg: I will play
h) Future perfect eg: I will have played
i) Future perfect continuous eg: I will have been playing
j) Simple conditional eg: I would play
k) Conditional continuous eg: I would be playing
l) Conditional perfect eg: I would have been played
m) Conditional perfect continuous eg: I would have been playing
V) Sequences of tenses
In English we can distinguish three main types of sequences of tenses
Type one:
When the main verb of the sentence is in the past, all dependent must
be in the past too
Eg: He phoned to say, he couldn’t come
She thought, the was right
Type two: