Derrick Campus

MEB704 – Mechatronics
Semester 1 2023

Lab 2: Application of Operational Amplifiers

Group members:

 A00164926 Jonathan Jasen Kiel

 A00199262 Danilo Bahor
Aim

Study of Op-amp as inverting amplifier and non-inverting amplifier.

Apparatus

Inverting amplifier

Table 1

Name of the apparatus Quantity

Power supply 1
Oscilloscope 1
Breadboard 1
1kΩ resistor 2
2kΩ resistor 1
741/LM342 IC 1

Non-inverting amplifier

Table 2

Name of the apparatus Quantity

Power supply 1
Oscilloscope 1
Breadboard 1
1kΩ resistor 1
2kΩ resistor 1
741 IC 1

Theory

Operational Amplifiers, or Op-amps as they are more commonly called, are one of the basic building
blocks of Analogue Electronic Circuits. An Operational Amplifier, or op-amp for short, is
fundamentally a voltage amplifying device designed to be used with external feedback components
such as resistors and capacitors between its output and input terminals. An Operational Amplifier is
basically a three-terminal device which consists of two high impedance inputs. One of the inputs is
called the Inverting Input, marked with a negative or “minus” sign, ( – ). The other input is called the
Non-inverting Input, marked with a positive or “plus” sign ( + ).

the IC741

Figure 1
Procedure

Inverting amplifier

1. Use pinout diagram for LM324 op amp IC shown in Figure 1 to construct the inverting
amplifier circuit as shown in Figure 2.

2. Configure the waveform generator on the oscilloscope with following settings:

Waveform = Sine
Frequency = 1KHz
Amplitude = 500mV p-p
Offset = -250mV

3. Connect the waveform generator output to the input of inverting amplifier.

4. Connect channel 1 input (X) of the oscilloscope to the output of inverting amplifier and
connect channel 2 (Y) input of the oscilloscope to the input of inverting amplifier.

5. In your lab report sheet record:

a. Record the input and output waveforms displayed on the oscilloscope.
b. Record the peak-to-peak voltage of the output.
c. Give your derivation of the input output relation of the amplifier, and comment if the
measured output voltage agrees with the theoretical predication.
d. Why this amplifier is called an inverting amplifier?
e. Discuss an application of this circuit.
Non-inverting amplifier

1. Use pinout diagram for LM324 op amp IC shown in Figure 1 to construct the non-
inverting amplifier circuit as shown in Figure 3

2. Configure the waveform generator on the oscilloscope with following settings:

Waveform = Sine
Frequency = 1KHz
Amplitude = 500mV p-p
Offset = 250mV

3. Connect the waveform generator output to the input of non-inverting amplifier.

4. Connect channel 1 input (X) of the oscilloscope to the output of non-inverting

amplifier and connect channel 2 (Y) input of the oscilloscope to the input of non-
inverting amplifier.

5. In your lab report sheet:

a. Record the input and output waveforms displayed on the oscilloscope.
b. Give your derivation of the input output relation of the amplifier, and comment if
the measured output voltage agrees with the theoretical predication. That means use
your measured data to verify the equation

𝑉0 𝑅2
≈ 1 +
𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑅1
c. Why this amplifier is called a non-inverting amplifier?
d. Discuss an application of this circuit.
Result (calculations)

Inverting amplifier

Figure 4

Theoretical
𝑉𝑖𝑛 . 𝑅𝑓
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = −
𝑅𝑖𝑛
(620 × 10−3 )(2 × 103 )
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = − = 1.24𝑣
(1 × 103 )
Practical

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 1.23𝑣
Non- Inverting amplifier

Figure 5

Theoretical
𝑅𝑓
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (1 + )𝑉
𝑅𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛
2
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (1 + ) (736 × 10−3 ) = 2.208𝑣
1
Practical

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 2.38𝑣

Discussion

Studying figure 4 and the calculations that follow, it is obvious graphically that a voltage amplifying
device as the op-amp through inverting feature turns to invert the sine waves. The yellow input
wave is opposite to the pink output wave. The theoretical voltage output is 1.24v and the practical
voltage output is 1.23v.
Now studying figure 5 and the calculations that follow, it can be graphically seen that the sine waves
were not inverted. The yellow voltage input wave has its crest and trough aligned with the pink
voltage output wave. The theoretical value is 2.208v and the practical value is 2.38v.

Conclusion

Operational amplifiers generally amplifier the voltage in an inverting way or in a non-inverting way.
The results and calculations clearly studied those features of the operational amplifier. Inverting
amplifiers are used in a number of applications like phase shifter, integration, signal balancing, mixer
circuits and many more. The non-inverting op-amp circuits are used where high input impedance is
necessary. These circuits are used as a voltage follower by giving the output to the inverting input as
an inverter. The aim of the lab was achieved.

References

 Newton C. Braga, 2003, Mechatronics Sourcebook, Delmar Learning, Canada.

 AspenCore. (2023) Inverting Operational Amplifier. Available at: https://www.electronics-
tutorials.ws/opamp/opamp_2.html (Accessed: 12th March 2023)
 AspenCore. (2023) Non-inverting Operational Amplifier. Available at:
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/opamp/opamp_2.html (Accessed: 12th March 2023)
 AspenCore. (2023) Operational Amplifier Basics. Available at: https://www.electronics-
tutorials.ws/opamp/opamp_2.html (Accessed: 12th March 2023)
Appendix

Non-inverting

Inverting