6.
Our society glorifies item possession
MATERIALISM
CAUSES OF MATERIALISM
1. We are influenced by the “Grass is
greener on the other side” Syndrome.
- If envy makes you imagine
something better than it really is
because you don't have it, it's called
delusion or consequence, as you
undoubtedly know, "the grass is
greener (on the other side of the
fence)."
2. Items are more easily attainable than
alternatives
- Setting your eyes on a particular
object is always easier than deciding
to concentrate on enjoying what you
have every day.
3. Hoarding is an instinct
- Many hypotheses say that our
materialistic habits are triggered by a
residual characteristic that once was
vital for survival: the desire to collect
precious resources for later use.
4. The desire to fit in compels us
- The emergence of modern
technologies is the greatest
testament to that dimension of
human nature.
5. Commercial conditioning influences
us more than we think
- Not only do commercials often try to
compel you to make the connection
between their product and
happiness, but they always try to
blame your unhappiness for not
getting said product.
- Wealth is considered a positive
attribute in our society.
7. We crave acceptance, love and status
- Many of us are genetically
programmed to crave our fellow
men's approval and affection. This is
presumably to ensure our survival as
a species, as it would make it easier
for the common good to override the
search for personal pleasure.
IMPACTS OF MATERIALISM AND
CONSUMERISM ON THE SELF
Materialists are sad, terrible people:
Based on research, materialism:
● Tends to be associated with treating
others in a more competitive,
manipulative, selfish way as well as
less empathetic way.
● Associated with lower levels of
well-being, less prosocial
interpersonal behavior, more
environmentally destructive behavior
and worse academic results.
People become more materialistic when
they feel insecure:
Studies show two sets of factors which lead
to materialistic values for humans:
● When people are exposed to
messages that indicate these
activities are necessary.
● People become more materialistic
when they feel depressed or
endangered, whether due to
rejection, economic worries, or
death.
Materialism is linked to media exposure
and national-advertising expenditures:
The more the economy is dominated by
advertisements, the more materialistic the
youth becomes.
Materialism is linked to social media use,
too:
One American and Arab research finds that
materialism is higher as the use of social
media increases.
Many psychologists think that
materialists are unhappy because these
people neglect their real psychological
needs:
Materialistic values are associated with
living one's life in ways which do a relatively
poor job of fulfilling psychological needs in
order to feel safe, competent and related to
others.
9 REASONS BUYING STUFF WILL
NEVER MAKE YOU HAPPY
1. They all begin to fade
2. There is always something new right
around the corner.
3. Each purchase adds extra worry to
our lives.
4. Possessions require maintenance.
5. Our purchases cost us more than we
realize.
6. We discover other people aren’t all
that impressed.
7. Someone else always has more.
8. Shopping does not quench our
desire for contentment.
9. Experiences make us happier than
possessions.
POLITICAL SELF
● necessary consequence of social
existence
● peace & order gives a secure place
in society and can only be through in
a political atmosphere
● must adhere to the idea that "the
ruler and the ruled" should be able to
uphold the common good.
POLITICAL SYSTEM
● fxn: need for internal order and
defense from external enemies
● some members of the group are
granted power to define and enforce
the norms.
● invade other areas for expansion of
territory and power
● State - political entity that claims a
monopoly on the use of violence
within territory-came into being.
● Nation-state - political organization
of a complex society
Democracy
● government in which the supreme
power is vested in the hands of the
people
● majority rule, minority and
individuals have equal opportunities
under the law, civil rights, and
liberties
Citizenship
● membership of a citizen in a political
community
Citizen
● member of a state who was
accorded with full civil and political
rights

WHO IS A FILIPINO?
Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution,
Article IV, Section 1, it states that:
The following are citizens of the Philippines:
1. Those who are citizens of the
Philippines at the time of the
adoption of this Constitution;
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are
citizens of the Philippines;
3. Those born before January 17,
1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect
Philippine citizenship upon reaching
the age of majority; and
4. Those who are naturalized in
accordance of law
Natural Born Filipino
● one who is born with one of his
parent or both is a Filipino citizen
Naturalized Filipino
● one who underwent the
naturalization process under the law
of the Philippines
● Naturalization - act of formally
adopting a foreigner into the political
community of a state and giving him
the rights and privileges of
citizenship.
Dual Citizenship
● continued allegiance of a naturalized
citizen to his mother country even
after acquiring another citizenship
● Philippine gov't. prohibits dual
allegiance but may be regulated or
restricted
11 Things You should Learn about the
Philippine Culture that Separates You
from every other Nation on the Planet:
FILIPINOS ARE RESILIENT
Filipinos still manage to rise above
challenge in times of calamities and
catastrophes. But beyond smiling despite
the problems, being resilient is an important
trait because by its definition - as the
process of adapting well in the face of
adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or
significant sources of stress, which can also
involve personal growth.
FILIPINOS TAKE PRIDE IN THEIR
FAMILIES
It is family first in the Philippines. So
whether you're part of the immediate family
or part of the third or fourth generation,
you're regarded as a member of the family.
Even the closest friends are also considered
to be relatives too. *Collectivism nature
FILIPINOS ARE VERY RELIGIOUS
Highly influenced by Spanish colonization
who brought Catholicism in the country.
Most Filipino houses have pictures of the
crosses and other religious paraphernalia in
every corner. Every Sunday, or even two or
three times a week, they go to church.
FILIPINOS ARE VERY RESPECTFUL
The use of PO and OPO - words that end
sentences when addressing elders. They
have a culture of 'pagmamano' , which is
where they raise the backs of the hands of
their elders to their foreheads as a sign of
FILIPINOS LOVE TO EAT
respect.

Aside from breakfast, lunch, and dinner,

FILIPINOS HELP ONE ANOTHER
More popularly known as 'bayanihan' ,
Filipinos support each other — without
asking something in return — so that their
duties and obligations are made much
easier to pursue. Often it's called "love of
culture."
FILIPINOS VALUE TRADITIONS AND
CULTURE
Filipinos often manage to squeeze in
between at a small meal. They savor every
bite, whether they eat every hour, or every
three hours. Oh, how they love breakfasts!
FILIPINOS LOVE TO SING
That is why karaoke is so prevalent. As part
of their leisure, the Filipinos spend some
quality time singing or belting out fresh and
old songs with their families or relatives.

Traditions in the Filipino home and family

FILIPINOS LOVE TO ART AND
are important for Filipinos. Filipinos enjoy
ARCHITECTURE
celebrating fiestas and celebrations.
Bacolod has its Festival of MassKara,
Davao has its Festival of Kadayawan and Just look at all the huge and tall buildings.
Marinduque has its Festival of Moriones. Filipinos have a propensity to take art and
architecture to a whole new level. They
enjoy creative design, strategic thinking and
FILIPINOS LOVE TO PARTY a passion for something new and special.

Generally they set aside a particular day for

any event such as festivals, birthday parties,
meetings, etc. And each meeting is, of
course, committed to keeping up with each
other over sumptuous food.
FILIPINOS HAVE THE LONGEST
CHRISTMAS CELEBRATIONS-EVER
WHAT MAKES A FILIPINO: VALUES
AND BELIEFS
A Filipino has qualities the utmost other
nationalities respect but there are also flaws
that make him a laughing stock of his
international neighbors.

STRENGTHS
You can hear Christmas songs and jingles
performed in the malls or restaurants in the
Philippines even as early as August. With CLOSE KINSHIP
many people shopping and in good spirits,
the mood becomes festive. Christmas
A Filipino considers the family as an
festivities last until around January 1st or
essential social institution to love and care
2nd.
for. Close family relations result in the family
still remaining intact irrespective of the
children remaining old and having their own
families.
RESPECT FOR ELDERS
The use of "po" and "opo" to converse or
address elderly people is a symbol of a
Filipino 's respect for the elderly. Filipinos
aren't sending their elders to nursing homes
because they still value the elders' worth
and presence at home.
HOSPITALITY
Hospitality-a very warm and hospitable
Filipino community. We also present visitors
with "pasalubong" (welcome gifts) and
"pabaon" (farewell gifts). Often they
sacrifice their own convenience to provide
their guests with very nice accommodation.
FLEXIBILITY/ADAPTABILITY/
RESILIENCE
Filipinos have the characteristics to laugh at
themselves and their misfortunes or failures.
It is a coping mechanism for balancing
mental tension and improving survival
capability. They smile despite the struggles
and problems. Despite the stresses of their
daily lives, and during calamities, they can
still crack jokes. They are good and happy
people.
INGENUITY AND CREATIVITY
They are good inventors. They often
improvise, and use available resources in a
productive way.
PATIENCE AND SELF-SACRIFICE
A Filipino's exceptional attribute is his
capacity to withstand challenges and
difficulties. Perhaps it was linked to the long
suffering they endured in Philippine history
during the many colonizations. They are
patient enough to wait for the greener
pastures, as long as they do what is right
and good.
HARD WORK AND INDUSTRY
Filipinos are globally recognized for their
excellent performance in any physical and
technical tasks. It is perhaps noticeable
because of one's desire for economic
stability and for self and family
development.
FAIRNESS AND JUSTICE
They also show respect for other people's
well-being. They uphold the humanity of all
people and regard everyone with respect
and empathy. Their primary source of
protection and satisfaction is interpersonal
relationships. Equity & Justice – > Equality –
> Social Justice – > Growth &
Advancement.
READINESS TO SHARE AND HELP
Readiness to share and support – they are
often happy to lend a hand, not only in times
of need (calamities or disasters) but also on
festive occasions ("festivals, " baptisms and
weddings). A Filipino 's spirit of "bayanihan,
" or offering support without asking anything
in return, is widely admired.
 WEAKNESS
NINGAS KUGON
It is a sort of grass that burns quickly when
it is dry but quickly extinguished. Like the
cogon grass, Filipinos begin things with
great enthusiasm, but at the first sign of
difficulty the enthusiasm is consumed as
fast as it has ignited.
COLONIAL MENTALITY
Filipinos prefer foreign-made products
rather than patronizing Filipino-made
products. This results in higher profits for
foreign businessmen compared with local
businessmen. It thus motivates Filipino
businessmen to improve the quality of their
products in order to make them more
competitive with foreign companies.
“MAMAYA NA” OR “BUKAS NA LANG”
HABIT
A poor habit, a sign of laziness, of leaving
for a later time what can be done at the
moment. The effect is a loaded workload to
be completed.
CRAB MENTALITY
A troublesome trait evident in a Filipino
where when one sees the progress of
brethren, the other becomes resentful rather
than pleased for the achievement. Instead
of praising, he would highlight everything
negative about that person in an effort to
ruin his integrity. They would focus on
other’s own faults rather than their own
inadequacies.
“PATIGASAN”
Most Filipinos find it hard to apologize or
say “I’m sorry” or “pasensya na”. Their
precious pride always gets the best of them.
“KANYA KANYA”
A trait which shows self-centeredness and
lack of regard for others. There are Filipinos
who give priority to what they and their
families have, rather than what they can do
to share their wealth and serve others
better. This trait shows poor signs of
patriotism, loyalty to community, and
concern for the needs of others.
HOW TO BE A GOOD FILIPINO?
1. Be punctual and do not procrastinate.
Let’s change “Filipino time” to “Filipino on
time”. Let’s avoid procrastination.
2. Be active and aware. A good Filipino
citizen is aware of the current events, and is
active in government programs aimed at the
growth and development of the country. You
can become an engaged citizen by actually
exercising your right to vote.
3. Know your roots. Study Philippine
history. Learn and understand the events of
Philippine history. Value the sacrifices made
by your forefathers.
4. Protect our environment. Dispose your
garbage properly. Plant a tree. And last but
not least, don't cause too much noise
pollution in your neighborhood, particularly
during sleeping hours.
5. Buy local products. Through buying and value the thoughts, views and opinions
local goods you are not only supporting of other netizens.
local producers and businesses, but also
helping to improve the local economy.
PHYSICAL SELF
6. Obey municipal rules and ordinances.
They made laws and regulations for a good
reason. They are built upon our PHYSICAL CHANGES
Constitution. So whether it’s a criminal law,
company law, civil law or a basic municipal
Early Adulthood (20-40)
ordinance, let's follow it. When you think
● peak of physiological development
that the rule is too severe, obey first before
● the “prime of your life” as your
you complain.
reproductive system, motor ability,
strength, and lung capacity are
7. Respect other Filipinos, especially the
operating at their best.
elders. Respect other Filipinos, and
● A Healthy, but Risky Time -
especially the elders. The Filipinos are
tendency to be involved in
considered to be polite and respectful (in
substance use and other negative
the old days, at least). Let's maintain this
influences as part of coping
positive quality or habit.

8. Build a good relationship with your THE AESTHETIC SELF

neighbors. Stop gossiping. Do not spread
fake news. It will result in conflicts and Life as an ART
quarrels between your neighbors. Rather, ● artist create an image
lend your hands to help. Befriend them to ● a person's body is a wonderful
promote close and healthy relationships. creation.
Hold the spirit of "Bayanihan" high within
your community. Posture - proper position of the body in
different activities
9. Support your Countrymen. Cheer for
our athletes. Provide moral encouragement Good grooming - neat and appropriate
to Filipinos who are working hard in a choice of clothes
positive way to achieve their own success.
Avoid crab mentality's negative
WHAT IS BEAUTY?
characteristics, such as jealousy,
selfishness and fear.
Beauty
10. Be a responsible netizen. Before you ● inner quality (way of living, manner
click, post or comment on Facebook , of acting and way of looking)
Twitter or any other social media network, ● state of mind
think twice. To avoid pointless
disagreements and claims be considerate Awareness of physical attributes,
intelligence, happiness and social
self-expression is the essence of an associated with
aesthetic being. increased
motivation to engage
in sexual
SEXUALITY behavior.

Human Sexuality - people’s sexual interest

in and attraction to others, as well as their
capacity to have erotic experiences and
responses.
● may manifest in biological, physical,
emotional, social, or spiritual aspects
● impacts and is impacted by cultural,
political, legal, philosophical, moral,
ethical, and religious aspects of life
THE BRAIN AND SEX
What turns people on?
● sexual arousal is related to external
stimuli that due to learning it come to
be labeled as erotic or sexually
stimulating
● erogenous zones - areas of the
body that are sensitive to sexual
touch due to the presence of rich
arrays of nerve receptors that are
sensitive to any kinds of touch

SEXUAL RESPONSIVENESS PEAK

Brain is the structure that translates the
nerve impulses from the skin into
pleasurable sensations. ● Men and women tend to reach their
peak of sexual responsiveness at
HYPOTHALAMUS different ages.
● Most important part of the brain for ● men, sexual responsiveness tends
sexual functioning to peak in the late teens and early
● It controls the pituitary gland, which 20s. Sexual arousal can easily occur
secretes hormones that control the in response to physical stimulation
other glands of the body. or fantasizing.
● Women - more sexually responsive
HORMONES throughout their 20s and 30s and
● Oxytocin (hormone of love) - may peak in the late 30s or early
released during sexual intercourse 40s.
when an orgasm is achieved.
INTIMACY IN RELATIONSHIPS
Testosterone Estrogen

a major contributing increase motivation

Intimacy
factor to sexual to engage in sexual ● inmost thoughts or feelings;
motivation behavior for proceeding from, concerning, or
females
affecting one’s inmost self: closely
Vasopressin Progesterone personal
● feeling of being close, connected
involved in the male decreasing it and supported.
arousal phase, and
may be directly
 TYPES OF INTIMACY
PHYSICAL INTIMACY
● hug, kissing, holding hands,
cuddling, sex, and skin-to-skin
touching
● can help cultivate a feeling of
closeness
EMOTIONAL INTIMACY
● can be one of the most important
factors of a relationship
● "a perception of closeness to
another that allows sharing of
personal feelings, accompanied by
expectations of understanding,
affirmation, and demonstrations of
caring."
INTELLECTUAL INTIMACY
● intellectual conversations
● having conversations outside of the
everyday monotony can keep things
fresh in your relationship
SPIRITUAL INTIMACY
● like sharing actual beliefs and values
● values and beliefs can align with
religion or even health and wellness.
FALLING IN LOVE
FACTOR IN FALLING IN LOVE
PROXIMITY
● geographical nearness of one
person to another
● a potent factor in the start of
interaction due to repeated exposure
to new stimuli
● mere exposure effect - repeated
exposure to novel stimuli tends to
increase an individual's liking for
such stimuli
SIMILARITY
● same liking, beliefs, attitudes,
interests and intellectual abilities
● similarity of goals, values and
personality characteristics correlate
to satisfaction and stable
relationship
● social and personal inclination
RECIPROCITY
● has a perception that an individual is
interested in
● when a person receives comments
of liking or loving one tends to
reciprocate in the same manner
● people generally react to flattery or
compliments
PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS
● preferences of physical appearance
● physical beauty has a role in
drawing people together
● “It is a physical energy that is the
result of the chemistry between two
people.”
● multimodal: visual, auditory, olfactory

SPIRITUAL SELF
ETHICS
● the moral code that governs the
actions and activities of a person
during his or her life.
● concerned with rights, responsibilities,
use of language, what it means to live
an ethical life, and how people make
moral decisions.
Why is Ethics important?
1. Ethics sharpens our ability to think and
hones our logical competence. This
increases our ability for decision-making.
2. It helps us think better about life, know
ourselves better and to concentrate on
long term gains.
3. Ethics offers us a moral guide, a structure
we can use to navigate our way through
difficult issues which makes life simple
and reasonable to us.
4. Following ethics establishes our
credibility among people and forges
interpersonal relations. Thus it secures
society and unites us.
There is nothing wrong with pursuing one’s
own interests. However, an ethical person
must be willing – at least sometimes – to
place the interests of others ahead of self-
interest, because of our responsibility to a
civil society. This is the moral point of view.
RELIGION
● culturally entrenched patterns of
behavior composed of sacred beliefs,
emotional feelings accompanied by
overt conduct implementing the
beliefs and feelings (San Juan &
Centeno, 2011)
Functions of Religion:
1. Stability and cohesion - binds people
closely together
2. Social identity - gives people identity
and social membership
3. Collective conscience - unites people in
moral ways
4. Socialization and social control -
represents the value system of the
society
SPIRITUALITY
● "Spirituality is the aspect of humanity
that refers to the way individuals seek
and express meaning and purpose
and the way they experience their
connectedness to the moment, to self,
to others, to nature, and to the
significant or sacred. " - Christina
Puchalski, MD, Director of the George
Washington Institute for Spirituality
and Health.
● “spirituality means any experience
that is thought to bring the
experiencer into contact with the
divine (in other words, not just any
experience that feels meaningful). ” -
Mario Beauregard and Denyse
O’Leary, researchers and authors of
The Spiritual Brain.
● “the spiritual dimension tries to be in
harmony with the universe, and
strives for answers about the infinite,
and comes into focus when the
person faces emotional stress,
physical illness, or death. ” - Nurses
Ruth Beckmann Murray and Judith
Proctor Zenter.
Characteristics of Spirituality:

1. Meaning
2. Value
3. Transcendence
4. connecting (with oneself, others,
God/supreme power and the
environment)
5. becoming (the growth and progress in
life)

Spiritual Questions:

1. Am I a good person? Importance of Spirituality

2. What is the meaning of my suffering?
3. What is my connection to the world
around me?
4. Do things happen for a reason?
5. How can I live my life in the best way
possible?
Spiritual Health:
● Spiritual Strength can Help you
Overcome Hardships
● Spiritual People make Healthier
Choices
● Spirituality may Help you Live
Longer
● Forgiveness is Good Medicine.

VALUES

● basic and fundamental beliefs that

guide or motivate attitudes or actions.
● Your values are about what's
important to you; how you want to live
your life, including your studies, your
● Spirituality is a very personal and
relationships with your family and
individual journey into the inner
friends, and the impact you want to
terrain of one’s own soul.
have.
● The person on such a spiritual
journey may use all manner of
Some common personal values that
external tools to facilitate that
people can identify with:
journey— Religion.
● Spirituality encourages one to walk
1. Commitment
through the deep recesses of the
○ the state or quality of being dedicated to
heart, mind, and soul and come to
a cause, activity, etc.
know one’s Self in deep communion
with a Higher Power or philosophy of
one’s choice.
2. Determination
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
○ a quality that makes you continue trying
to do or achieve something that is
difficult. The use of technology is essential for
3. Respectfulness individual survival and for communication
○ due regard for the feelings, wishes, with other people.
rights, or traditions of others.
4. Integrity ● Application of information in the
○ the quality of being honest and having design, production, and utilization of
strong moral principles; moral goods and services, and in the
uprightness. organization of human activities.
5. Openness ● Application of science to address the
○ being creative and open to new ideas. problems of daily life.
6. Fortitude ● These technologies improve not only
○ mental and emotional strength in facing very common areas of people’s daily
difficulty, adversity, danger, or temptation life, but also areas of education,
courageously. health and production industries.
7. Honesty ● Internet is a global computer
○ is a facet of moral character that network in which the users can send
connotes positive and virtuous and receive all kinds of information
attributes; implies a refusal to lie, steal, and communication such as text,
or deceive in any way. graphics, video and related other
8. Optimism facilities.
○ a disposition or tendency to look on the
more favorable side of events or ONLINE TECHNOLOGY
conditions.
9. Compassion
A cyber identity is all of the things that make
○ to recognize the suffering of others and
you “you” on your online profiles: all of your
then take action to help.
tweets, your usernames, and interactions
10. Reliability
online.
○ The quality of being trustworthy or of
performing consistently well. .
● Social media is a common place on
the internet for individuals to share
pictures with captions about their
DIGITAL SELF life.
● A great outlet to share your life with
The contribution of human-machine friends and family, but many young
interaction to individual self description and people today abuse this great
self-perception. platform in search of acceptance
from their peers.
● For many social media users, it is an
ego/esteem booster, which explains
why so many people spend so much
time on social media.
 ● It provides many individuals with a
false sense of self and a distorted
perception of who they really are.
● Many youth are portraying
themselves as people that they're
not on social media.
● It provides many individuals with a
false sense of self and a distorted
perception of who they really are.
SELECTIVE SELF-PRESENTATION
AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT
The process of creating a digital artifact
which is a carefully chosen representation
or expression of one’s real world self.
2 Ways:
a. self-enhancement - entails putting
forward the good aspects of one's
personality in order to improve social
perceptions of a person.
b. self-deprecation - involves putting
more humble characteristics on
display.
SELECTIVE SELF-PRESENTATION
● Self-presentation is inherently
goal-directed - people present
certain images because they benefit
from the images in some way.
● Self-presentation is most
successful when the image
presented is consistent with what the
audience thinks or knows to be true.
IMPACT OF ONLINE INTERACTIONS
ON THE SELF
● Benefits include the enhancement of
social contact, independence, and
communication as well as a sense of
emotional connection with others
● Negative effects include
cyberbullying, unwanted
interactions, feelings of jealousy, and
"Facebook depression"
Top 5 list for keeping a healthy profile
online by Lizzie (2017)
1. Don't post any pictures you wouldn't
want your Grandma seeing.
Remember, anyone who follows you
can see "that picture of you in and
what you are wearing.
2. Remember, fake profiles DO exist.
Anyone can create an account
posing as a 13 year old girl, who is
actually a 31 year old man. Be
aware of this.
3. If the person that is requesting to
follow you and yourself have mutual
friends, it is most likely ok for them
to follow you.
4. Make sure you are always keeping
up your relationships in real life, not
just on social media. Technology is
powerful, but real life
communications are always the
better route.
5. See the world! Leave your phone at
home for oncel Make sure you are
actually seeing the world in person,
not just through a camera.