MAMMALS & AVES

C I R C U L A T O R Y & R E S P I R A T O R Y S Y S T E M

ANTOINETTE B. JASMINEZ
BS BIO 2-2
2023
 Page 03

The respiratory and circulatory systems are

essential for the survival of mammals and
class Aves (birds).

Both groups of animals have evolved

efficient respiratory and circulatory
mechanisms, there are notable differences
in the structures and functions of these
systems.
What Do You Know About Our Function?

2023

 Page 02

The respiratory system of mammals is responsible for the intake

of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the body.
FUNTION
 NOSE AND MOUTH

LYRINX

US
TRACHEA

G
OPHA
ES

BRONCHUS

BRONCHIOLES
 NOSE AND MOUTH

LYRINX

US
TRACHEA

G
OPHA
ES

BRONCHUS

BRONCHIOLES

ALVEOLI

CAPILLARIES
The respiratory system of class Aves, or birds, is unique
and highly efficient compared to other animals. The
avian pulmonary system uses "flow-through ventilation,"
relying on a set of nine flexible air sacs that act like
bellows to move air through the almost completely rigid
lungs.
FUNTION
NARES OR NOSTRILS

TRACHEA

LUNGS
NARES OR NOSTRILS

TRACHEA

LUNGS
 NARES OR NOSTRILS

TRACHEA

LUNGS
PARABRONCHI

ANTERIOR AIR SAC

POSTERIOR AIR SAC

Differences of the Respiratory System
 Mammals have a relatively simple respiratory system that includes
a nose/mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli in the
lungs.

Class Aves, on the other hand, have a highly efficient respiratory

system that includes a system of air sacs, small parabronchi in the
lungs, and a syrinx for sound production.

Mammals rely on the expansion and contraction of the lungs and

the diaphragm, while birds use the air sacs to move air in a one-way
flow through the respiratory system.

Both mammals and birds use a diaphragm or muscles to expand

the lungs during inhalation and to force air out during exhalation.
MAMMALS & AVES
C I R C U L A T O R Y S Y S T E M
In mammals and birds, the heart is also
divided into four chambers: two atria and two
ventricles. The oxygenated blood is separated
from the deoxygenated blood, which
improves the efficiency of double circulation
and is probably required for the warm-
blooded lifestyle of mammals and birds.

The four-chambered heart of birds and

mammals evolved independently from a
three-chambered heart. The independent
evolution of the same or a similar biological
trait is referred to as convergent evolution.
ADAPTATIONS (MAMMALS)

The four-chambered heart.

The development of hemoglobin.

Mammals also have a closed

circulatory system.
ADAPTATIONS (AVES)

Birds have evolved a unique

circulatory system that enables
them to meet the metabolic
demands of flight.

The development of a pulmonary

bypass.
 CLASS MAMMALIA AND AVES

THANK YOU
2023 ANTOINETTE B. JASMINEZ