UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST – MANILA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Insights of a Mother: A Qualitative Research about Experiences of a Mother in

Daughter’s Early Pregnancy

A Thesis Presented to
The Basic Education Department
College of Education
University of the East – Manila

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Qualitative Research

By:

Agotilla, Samantha Marie Y.

Cortey, Maria Charmilotte C.
Dulnuan, Brandon Kyle C.
Hernandez, John Quervey Bryan
Imam, Namer A.
Inguito, Florence M.
Lorilla, Brandan Zedrich O.
Macapagal, Jamiah Paye M.
Reyes, Jacob Rafael F.

OCTOBER 2018
 APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that this research study entitled “Insights of a Mother: A

Qualitative Research about Experiences of a Mother in Daughter’s Early

Pregnancy” presented orally and submitted by Agotilla, Samantha Marie Y., Cortey,

Maria Charmilotte C., Dulnuan, Brandon Kyle C., Hernandez, John Quervey Bryan,

Imam, Namer A., Inguito, Florence M., Lorilla, Brandan Zedrich O., Macapagal,

Jamiah Paye M., and Reyes, Jacob Rafael F. F has been approved and accepted

as partial requirements for Qualitative Research with a grade of PASSED on October

19, 2018.

_____________________________
(Name of Research Professor)
Qualitative Research Adviser

_____________________________
(Name of Panel Member 1)
Panel Member

_____________________________
(Name of Panel Member 2)
Panel Member
 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another
person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of
any other degree or diploma of a university or other institute of higher learning, except
where the due acknowledgement is made in the text.

I also declare that the intellectual content of this Senior High School thesis is the
product of my own work, even though I may have received assistance from others on
style, presentation and language expression.

Agotilla, Samantha Marie Y. Inguito, Florence M.

Candidate Candidate

Cortey, Maria Charmilotte C. Lorilla, Brandan Zedrich O.

Candidate Candidate

Dulnuan, Brandon Kyle C. Macapagal, Jamiah Paye M.

Candidate Candidate

Hernandez, John Quervey Bryan Reyes, Jacob Rafael F.

Candidate Candidate

Imam, Namer A.
Candidate

Ms. Arleth Follero

Research Professor

Mr. Arvin Moredo

Adviser

October 19, 2018

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research paper would not be possible without the help the people around
us. Thus, through this section, the researchers would like to show their gratefulness to
the following contributors.

We first thank our professor in Research in Daily Life 1, Ms. Arleth T. Follero, for
giving assistance and the opportunity to experience a qualitative research as well as for
sharing her knowledge on how to conduct it. Also, we thanked her for the comments
that greatly improved our research paper.

We are also grateful to our parents for giving us a never ending support in
whatever we do and for giving us strength to finish this research and the budget for
printing and for other stuffs that was needed in our research.

We appreciate our participants or respondents who spent time with us as they

share their experiences about this study as well as our classmates who did not take this
research as a competition but an opportunity to know and help each other.

Most especially, we would like to express our gratitude to the God Almighty for
giving us the strength, knowledge, ability and opportunity to undertake this research
study and to persevere and complete it satisfactorily. Without his blessings, this
achievement would not have been possible.
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this project to God Almighty our creator, our strong pillar, our source of inspiration,

wisdom, knowledge and understanding. He has been the source of our strength throughout this

research paper and on His wings only have we soared. We also dedicate this work to our family; who has

encouraged us all the way and whose encouragement has made sure that we give it all it takes to finish

that which we have started.

The Researchers,

Agotilla, S.M.Y.

Cortey, M.C.C.

Dulnuan, B.K.C.

Hernandez, J.Q.B.

Imam, N. A.

Inguito, F.I.

Lorilla, B.Z.O.

Macapagal, J.P.M.

Reyes, J.R.F
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL SHEET......................................................................................1
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY.................................................................2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................3
DEDICATION.................................................................................................4
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................5
LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................8
LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................8
LIST OF APPENDICES.................................................................................8
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................9

CHAPTER I: The Problem and Its Background

1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................10
1.2 Statement of the Problem...................................................................13
1.3 Conceptual Framework.......................................................................14
1.4 Scope and Delimitation.......................................................................15
1.5 Significance of the Study.....................................................................15
1.6 Definition of Terms..............................................................................16

CHAPTER II: Review of Related Literatures and Studies

2.1 Related Literatures and Studies..........................................................18
2.2 Synthesis.............................................................................................27

CHAPTER III: Research Methodology

3.1 Research Design.................................................................................28
3.2 Participants of the Study.....................................................................28
3.3 Sampling Procedure............................................................................28
3.4 Research Instrument...........................................................................29
3.5 Researcher’s Role...............................................................................29
3.6 Data Gathering Procedures................................................................30
3.7 Analysis of Data..................................................................................30

CHAPTER IV: Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data

4.1 Findings...............................................................................................(page)
 4.2 Discussion...........................................................................................(page)

CHAPTER V: Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1 Summary of Findings..........................................................................(page)
5.2 Conclusion...........................................................................................(page)
5.3 Recommendations..............................................................................(page)

APPENDICES................................................................................................(page)
REFERENCES...............................................................................................(page)
CURRICULUM VITAE...................................................................................(page)

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Name of Table..................................................................................(page)

Table 2. Name of Table..................................................................................(page)

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Simulacrum.....................................................................................(page)
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A. Informed Consent......................................................................(page)

Appendix B. Aide Memoir..............................................................................(page)

Appendix C. Thematic Analysis.....................................................................(page)

Appendix D. Reflexive Journal.......................................................................(page)

 ABSTRACT

This study explored the experiences of a mother in their daughter’s early

pregnancy. The researchers interviewed 10 respondents who live within National

Capital Region whose age is ranging from 35 yrs. Old and above. Using thematic

analysis, the researchers identified different themes from the respondents’ answers

which are connected with each other. These themes are acceptance, rejection,

dissapointment, happiness, choice, being in a relationship, special treatment, ignorance,

different changes and stronger mother and daughter relationship. With these themes,

the researchers were able to determine the insights of a mother in their daughter’s early

pregnancy. The researchers also wanted many people to be educated about this certain

topic that until now is a major issue our society face today.
 Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

Background of the Study

Teenage Pregnancy is still a problem. Teenage pregnancy, also known as

adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in females under the age of 13-20. Early

pregnancy is one of the problems in today's society. Many teenagers today don’t know

how big responsibility to raise a child when they are young too. Becoming a parent is a

big responsibility that should give priority, but can how teenagers can handle this big

responsibility if she was too young too? To raise a child involves a lot of patient and

sacrifices which lot teens don’t have. Worldwide, sixteen million girls give birth during

adolescence annually with an estimated three million having unsafe abortions

(“Adolescent pregnancy” (2018), retrieved from http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-

sheets/detail/adolescent-pregnancy). The risk of pregnancy among Teenager is largely

increasing. Some teenagers who get pregnant early may experience anxiety,

depression and other emotional problem. We know that teenager ages of 13-20 are still

so young so emotion and other feelings of being teenagers might occur. Some causes

of early pregnancy among teenagers are lack of education especially sexual education,

poverty, undergraduate, or problem with their family.

There are previous studies which say that Teen pregnancy is largely regarded as

a societal problem that is most effectively dealt with through prevention strategies.

However, some researchers argue that the discrepancies between the realities of teen
pregnancy and the strategies for its prevention hinder the issue from being adequately

addressed on a holistic level (Kohili & Nyberg, 1995).

In addition, some authors (Bunting & McAuley, 2004) believed that family support

is particularly important to teenage mothers and has been found to have a positive

influence on parenting behaviours and practices. Family and friends are considered a

source of support, and for teenagers this is significant in how they will reintegrate with

education, employment and social life (Watts, Liamputtong, and Mcmichael, 2015).

Moreover, with a better understanding of how teenagers resolve their pregnancy,

health professionals and social workers may offer appropriate advice and support to

help pregnant adolescents make an informed choice. When necessary, a referral should

be made to social workers, non-governmental organizations that provide support to

pregnant teens, or other appropriate services (Alice Yuen Loke & Pui-ling Lam 2004).

As we gathered informations, we’ve conducted that there are lots of problems

that teenage pregnancy may encounter. Some of the gaps are education interrupted,

she might be drop out to their school because of her baby, she might have an abortion

because she’s scared beacuse she doesn’t know what to do to her child and she might

not able to support the child. Futhermore, Maternal Mortality (The woman might die

because her body is too weak). This happpens if the woman is still young, their body is

too weak to handle the pain of carrying a baby. Lastly, the relationship of the teenage

mom to her parents specially to her mother. There is a need for this area of research to

have its boundaries extended by exploring the insights of a mother that is having a

daughter who is experiencing early pregnancy. This study involves an investigation of a

 mother who had chosen to give knowledge of what she felt about her daughter. We

want to know what the impact is and how it affects a teenage mom's mother. This

research aim is to know the insights of a mother about her child who has a difficult

condition and as a mother how she can help her child.

Research Questions

The purpose of the study is to know the insights of teenage mom’s mother about the

experience of her daughter and to know how they coped with the experience. The perspective

and individualized experiences of teenage mom’s mother are lacking in today’s research

regarding this important topic. Through understanding the insights of the teenage mom’s

mothers and to know more about their thoughts, the following research questions were

addressed to this study:

1. How does teenage mom’s mother accept her daughter when she knew that her

daughter is already pregnant?

2. What did the mother feel after knowing that her daughter is bearing a child?

3. What would be the possible reason teenage pregnancy happened to her daughter to

her daughter?

4. How did the mother treat her child after knowing that she is pregnant?

5. How did it affect to the mother and what are the effects of it to the teenage mom’s

mom as a mother?
Statement of the Problem

The mother is the woman who gave birth to you. The mothers have a goal to

make their children have a better life.

There are some reasons their child can reach their goal and of it is early

pregnancy. Our preliminary investigation reveals that mothers are really affected about

their children having a baby in an early age.

This qualitative study investigated the experiences of those mothers who

encountered daughter’s early pregnancy. Furthermore, this study served as an

investigation of how mothers can cope with their child who experienced early

pregnancy. The results may be useful to provide knowledge about insights of a mother.
 Conceptual Framework of the Study

Input Process Output

The aim of this study is to The researchers will Give information and

determine the mother’s conduct a reseacrh to gain awareness to the readers.

experiences about having information about the

Understand the side of the
a teenage mom daughter, insights of a mother.The
mothers.
their acceptance to her sacrifice of a mother will

daughter when she knew show as a result.

that her daughter is

Interview the respondents
already pregnant, their
to know their experiences
feeling after knowing her
as mothers.
daughter is bearing a
Analyze the data using
child, the possible reason
thematic analysis.
this happened to her

daughter, the treatment to Interpret the findings that

the child after knowing were discovered.

that she is pregnant and

how did it affect to the

mother and the effects of

it to the teenage mom’s

Definition of Terms
mom as a mother.

The input process in this research is the main problem or the main goals of the

researchers. On the other hand, the process of this research is the different ways on
 how we conducted this research and lastly, the output of this research is the result that

we had after conducting this research.

Scope and Delimitations

In this study, 10 mothers were chosen to participate. It focused on the insights

and feelings of a pregnant teenager’s mother. Mothers of a pregnant teenager are the

centre of the study since they are most likely to be affected in the situation of their child.

The interview will take place at the house of the chosen respondents. The study was

limited to Filipino mothers and the analysis and interpretation of the data is limited to the

results gained from this survey. The interview was conducted within NCR (National

Capital Region).

Significance of the Study

There are many mothers that are affected by the teenage pregnancy. Mostly the

mothers of the teenage mom are suffering by this kind of act. Teenagers are still

growing and learning in life and their mother can’t control their unpleasant behaviour.

The importance of this study is to gain information about the experiences of a

mother in daughter’s early pregnancy.

The following individuals will be benefited from the study:

1. Main Beneficiary: Mother – it gives happiness for some mothers that they are

having a grandchild.

2. Secondary Benefciary: Daughter – it gives happiness to the mother itself because

it’s her own child.

 3. Researchers – the researchers will have knowledge and will be inform by studying

this research and become aware.

4. Future researchers – the future researches will gain information from this study and

it may help them in the future.

Definition of Terms

Adolescent

-Of a young person in the process of developing from a child into an adult.

Age of Consent

- The age of consent is the age at which a person can legally consent to have sexual

intercourse. This is also the minimum age of the other person legally permitted to

engage in sexual activity. But worldwide, the average age of consent is 16 years of

age.-

Childbirth

- The action of giving birth to a child.

Complications of Pregnancy

- Complications of pregnancy are health problems that occur during pregnancy. They

can involve the mother's health, the baby's health, or both. Some women have health

problems that arise during pregnancy, and other women have health problems before

they become pregnant that could lead to complications.

Employment

- The condition of having paid work.

Human Sexual Behavior

- A person's sexual practices, whether he/she engages in heterosexual or homosexual

activity.

Malnutrition

- Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients

are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. It may

involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals

Nutrition and Pregnancy

- Nutrition and pregnancy refers to the nutrient intake, and dietary planning that is

undertaken before, during and after pregnancy. Nutrition of the fetus begins at

conception.

Recklessness

- Lack of regard for the danger or consequences of one's actions, rashness.

Parental Supervision

- Parental supervision also adult supervision is a parenting technique that involves

looking after, or monitoring a child's activities. Young children are generally incapable of
 looking after themselves, and incompetent in making informed decisions for their own

well-being.

Peer Pressure

- Influence from members of one's peer group.

Premature Birth

- A premature birth is a birth that takes place more than three weeks before thebaby's

estimated due date. In other words, a premature birth is one that occurs before the start

of the 37th week of pregnancy.

Unintended pregnancy

- Unintended pregnancies are pregnancies that are mistimed, unplanned or unwanted at

the time of conception.

 Chapter II

Review of Related Literatures and Studies

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents a review of foreign and local literature studies related to

the research conducted.

The insights of a mother about experiences of a Mother in Daughter’s Early

Pregnancy had been researched largely from a quantitative angle. There has been

much researched conducted concerning this population, resulting literature. The

following is a review of the literature regarding on mother’s insight on daughter’s early

pregnancy family support, reaction from parents, communication of the teenage mom

and her mother, and mother and daughter relationship.

Family Support

It is noted that the support of the family is the primary need of a teenage mom.

According to Watts and Mcmichael (2015), Family and friends are considered a source

of support, and for teenagers this is significant in how they will reintegrate with

education, employment and social life. Some of the young mothers in this study

migrated alone, some with extended family member and family friends. Most young

mothers received some support from their parents and guardians. The extent of support

that the women received from these people depended on the relationship they had

before the pregnancy and birth of the baby. Where the relationship between parents or

guardians and teens had been good, they were likely to receive support. Mothers were

reportedly at the fore when it came to supporting the teen mothers, even if they had

been unhappy or disappointed about their daughter’s pregnancy. The level of support
received by young mothers substantially influenced their intentions and capacity to re-

engage with education and work. Teenagers who received more support from their

family, especially from their mothers, were more likely to return or want to return to

school.

Family support is very important to the teenage moms because since childhood

they are dependent on their parents so when they get pregnant early they rely on

support coming from a family. A study by de Enfermagem (2009) Single parenting was

feared because it was against the prevalent moral principles with a negative effect on

the concept of family in their social group. Sexual intercourse which is seen as part of

dating, however, as a "modern" habit should be accompanied by birth control. Advice to

avoid pregnancy was continuously given because pregnancy was seen as an

embarrassment to the family, representing a concrete sign of disrespect to the family

and social values. This reality made mothers resort to prayers in an attempt to avoid

pregnancy. Also, main worries were with structuring teenagers' family and financial

stability. Decisions were taken regarding continuing or dropping school and if teenagers

would start or restart working. Quick measures to establish a formal relationship

between couples, through legalizing the union have been adopted. Although most

context of alliances and support from the social network and, in most cases, by the

formation of a new family nucleus with material and affective support from their families.

In some families, support was conditioned to the fulfillment of some requirements, such

as adjusting the behavior to the role of mothers. This demanded changes in the life

style, dedication to studies or work, with discipline and greater intensity and

consequently, restriction to leisure activities and decrease or interruption in night life. In

the families where support was not given, this occurred because they did not notice this

type of demands.

Based on Furstenberg’s (1987) study, he found that the pregnant teenagers held

conventional attitudes toward family formation, even though most of them got pregnant

before marriage. Marriage rates went from 15% to 33% with an additional 16% married

and divorced. However, even married adolescents often remained in parents' homes

and many who moved out were living alone. The rate of movement away from the

parental household was greater among pregnant adolescents than among their

nonpregnant classmates, but neither childbirth nor marriage invariably meant departure

from the parental home. Family support, both material and psychological, was more

available to the adolescent who remained at home. Variations in residential patterns

were correlated to factors of age, race, desire to remain in school, dependence on

parents, parental attitudes, family history of out-of-wedlock childbearing, female-headed

families, additional childbearing and availability of physical space. The study found that

family assistance promoted the later economic prospects of unmarried mothers but had

less effect on those who married, even if they subsequently divorced. There was no

correlation between residential careers and childrearing patterns.

Reactions of Parents

Parents' reactions may vary. It depends on the circumstances of a family's life.

The greatest fear of most of the participants was that of how their parents would react

upon hearing about the pregnancy. The majority of respondents indicated their parents

or guardians were not happy on learning that they were pregnant. To many parents, the

pregnancies came as a surprise. Parental reaction varied. Nearly all parents were upset
and some were shocked. A few mentioned that reactions from fathers were much more

intense and difficult to handle. While the reactions of mothers were sharp, immediate,

and often vocal, the fathers were deeply troubled, intensely moody, and felt deeply hurt.

The young mothers explained that parents reacted in the way they did out of love for the

children. Many parents were concerned that they would not be able to continue their

education and of the participants mentioned the reactions of their partners when they

told them of the pregnancies were positive. In a few instances, the partners were

excited about the pregnancy because it would make the girl accept their proposal of

marriage. In a few cases, however, partners flatly denied they were responsible for the

pregnancy (Ankomah & Gyesaw, 2013)

Based on de Enfermagem’s (2009) study, Pregnancy news was given by several

people of the family and social circle of adolescents, among them, sisters, friends, the

boyfriend or fiancée or their parents. The way the news was given was also different,

and regardless of the strategy adopted, these moments have been accompanied by

fear, which was more intensive in the cases where there was no clear bond between

adolescents and the children's father. Pregnancy occurring in these situations led to

greater concern because it was a clear proof of not following the guidelines repeatedly

given. In some families pregnancy was hidden up to the limit because there was the

fear of being punished. Some adolescents ran away from home which made family

members suspicious of a pregnancy. This was a hard work because there was the

possibility of a hard punishment and harsh actions, including sending adolescents away

from home. In other families, the mother was the most feared person and, in these

cases, fathers performed the role of moderators in the family conflict. Several actions
were taken and they depended on the prevalent values and beliefs. In some families,

pregnancy was well accepted and was a reason for joy and happiness, even though it

was accompanied by accepting the situation. Worries were lower when the couple was

in a steady relationship and there were already marriage plans. Regardless of the

connection between couples and the circumstances involved, pregnancy led to

frustration because it implied the need to stop or change the family project.

Teenage pregnancy is one of those life events that few families anticipate, and the

effects of adolescent pregnancy reach well beyond the young mother’s life, impacting

the lives of other family members. Whether the pregnancy is terminated, the baby is

placed for adoption or the child is regarded as an unexpected, but welcome, addition,

the emotional, economic and social ramifications of teenage pregnancy can affect the

entire family in significant and life altering ways.

Parental reactions to the news of a teen pregnancy include denial, guilt and

anger; emotions often shared by the pregnant teen. The young father and his family can

also experience similar feelings, according to the American Academy of Child &

Adolescent Psychiatry. Depending on the family’s religious beliefs and social network,

fear of being rejected or even ostracized can come into play. Many parents of a

pregnant adolescent perceive the situation as a negative reflection on their own

parenting skills. The pregnant teen can become depressed, which can also have a

negative impact on the family’s overall emotional well-being. On the positive side, many

families reach a point of acceptance, focusing their emotional energies on welcoming

the infant and helping the teenager move forward with her life and education after the

birth (Ezell, 2018)

Communication of the Teenage Mom and her Mother

Communication in a relationship is extremely important. IN mother daughter

relationship, communications is a must especially if her daughter is pregnant. Being

able to communicate effectively can also stop needless arguments which occur

regularly in your relationships.

Martell (1990) stated that the most frequent type of contact between daughters

and mothers was by telephone for both data collection periods. For the women who

reported face-to-face contact, the most frequent face-to-face activities were helping

tasks and the least frequent were recreational. Scores for attachment, intimacy, and

perception of equity were high while the frequencies of help given and help received

were low. The most commonly reported help (given or received) was psychological

support.

An adolescent's early pregnancy might increase her mother's communication

about sex and contraception with her other children. For example, mothers might be

motivated to prevent a second pregnancy in the family and might view the older

daughter's pregnancy as an opportunity to discuss contraception and ways of

preventing pregnancy with their other children. Moreover, mothers may feel partly to

blame for the older daughter's pregnancy and may see their lack of open

communication about sex and birth control with the older daughter as one of the factors

that possibly contributed to her becoming pregnant. These feelings may compel the

mother to discuss sexuality and contraception more openly with her other children

(East, 1999).
Mother and Daughter Relationship

Families in which teenagers bear children have historically been characterized by

grandparental childrearing systems, wherein the adolescent's mother typically provides

the primary hands-on care for the teen's child (Burton, 1995, 1996a, 1996b). Because

these grandparenting duties can be extensive and time consuming, they likely interfere

with or distract the mother from monitoring or supervising her own children. Role strain

theory postulates that the psychological stress associated with undertaking multiple

roles impedes a person from performing well in any role (Goode, 1960). Thus, it may be

that the time and role demand of caring for her daughter's child compromises a mother's

ability to monitor her own children's behavior and activities.

A teenager's pregnancy also might reduce her mother's achievement

expectations for her other children. For example, the older daughter's early childbearing

may demonstrate to her parents their inability to control their children's lives and life

outcomes. Expectations for their other children may yield accordingly if parents believe

that they have little control over their children's futures (East, 1999).

There was one Australian qualitative descriptive study which addressed women’s

relationships with their own mothers during the postnatal period, although in the context

of supporting breastfeeding in new mothers (Reid, Schmeid & Beale, 2009). This study

found that the relationship between new mothers and their own mothers was complex,

and can be affected by the previous nature of the relationship as well as the other roles

and relationships with which the mothers’ own mother is involved. As the authors

themselves point out, the findings of this study are limited by the small sample size (four

paternal grandmothers and seven maternal grandmothers) and the homogeneity of the
sample (Reid et al. 2009). In addition, the focus of this study was on breastfeeding

support.

On the other hand, those expectant mothers who did not have a good

relationship with their own mothers hesitated to share their joy at being pregnant, while

those whose own mothers seemed to display a lack of interest in their pregnancy

expressed sadness and felt that something was missing (Modh et al., 2011). This study

had a small cohort of participants but produced rich data on the experiences of women

who had become pregnant for the first time. The study, however, only focused on the

pregnancy experience of these women. A different approach to the relationship between

new mothers and their own mothers was evident in work undertaken by Sejourne, Alba,

Onorrus, Goutaudier and Chabrol (2011) in their consideration of the intergenerational

transmission of postpartum depression.

 Synthesis

In sum, as the majority of the studies on mother’s experiences on her

daughther’s early pregnancy is both qualitative and quantitative in nature which

provides important data on the family support, reaction from parents and such.

However, for the effective communication of the teenage mom and her mother, and

mother and daughter relationship, more qualitative studies are needed to evaluate the

insights of a mother about experiences of a mother in daughter’s early pregnancy.

Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the mother’s experiences about having a

teenage mom daughter. Specifically, their acceptance to her daughter when she knew

that her daughter is already pregnant, their feeling after knowing her daughter is bearing

a child, the possible reason this happened to her daughter, the treatment to the child

after knowing that she is pregnant and how did it affect to the mother and the effects of

it to the teenage mom’s mom as a mother.

 Chapter III

Research Methodology

Research Design

As previously stated, the purpose of this study is to understand further the

insights of a mother whose daughters got pregnant in their adolescent age. Based on

the gaps presented in the literature, research conducted qualitatively would be

beneficial regarding the population of a mother and how they react about their situation

with their daughter.

In this study, Phemenomenology is the applicable approach. Phemenomenology

provides in-depth understanding of individual phenemona and gain rich data from the

experience of individuals. This approach helps the researchers to know the feelings,

insights, perspectives and experiences of a mother in their daughter’s early pregnancy.

Participate of this study

The participants of our research which is about the experiences of a mother in

daughter’s early pregnancy will be the ten (10) mothers, being the parent of teenage

moms, was the goal in for this specific research study. These are the selected

participants of the study so their thoughts, experiences, perspectives and insights will

be discussed individually

Sampling Procedure

Purposive sampling was used to select mothers for personal interviews. The

sample consisted of individuals which are mothers of teenage mom. The selection
criteria were based on the purpose of the study that talks about the experiences and

insights of a mother. The selection of the respondents for this bounded case was

uncomplicated since the overall study intended to determine the perception of the

mothers. Also, the selection of the participants for this study referred to as “Purposive

Selection” which one definition, denotes that a selection stratagey in which particular

settings, persons or activities are selected deliberately in order to provide information in

the study.

Research Instrument

The instrument that will be used to collect data for this extensive study are the

interview guide questions and recorder. This will be the main source of data that will be

collected, analyzed and presented. These are five(5) questions in the in the interview

guide questions which consists of queries to be asked to the chosen respondents that

will give a truthful and on the spot answers of the respondents, therefore, the

researchers would ask follow up questions in order to clarify or expound the on the spot

answers of the respondents, as the interview occurs the researchers would be using the

recorder in order to keep the accurate statements of the respondents for an efficient and

truthful record of the gathered data.

Researcher’s Role

As the researchers, the main goal is to gather data through interviewing people, this

type of gathering data is more relevant on conducting this qualitative research will be

fair. Also, the researchers will provide truth as we seek to dig deeper in the study. The

researchers’ transparency will be applied in all methods of our research data. The only
concern in this research is to avoid having a biased statement by only interviewing one

side of the respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will find a target participant on the study and will then secure

permissions or giving a consent form before proceeding with interviewing the

respondents about allowing the researchers to make them interviewee and about

inputting their views about the certain topic. After the researchers receive their approval

for the permission, the researchers will then utilize the prepared instruments and

provide them some details and information about the topic they will be interviewed

about before undergoing to the actual interview.

A semi- structed qualitative interview was used to conduct research about the

insights of a mother in their experience to their daughter’s early pregnancy. The

questions became more focused as the interviews progressed and the researchers

gained understandin from mother’s experience that improved understanding

Analysis of Data

In analyzing the data, the researchers would be encoding from the recorded copy

into written or typed form. The data would be double checked if it is accurate with the

use of the secured copy of the specific statements of the respondents from the recorder.

It would be broken down into parts before researchers would be categorizing the

accumulated information in accordance with their content and classification by the

similiraties of their answers, each data would be compiled and evaluated, then it would

be comprehented thoroughly and interlinked with the possible connection and relation to

the possible concept and idea of the research with the help or guide of the contents in

the review of related literature, and would once again be checked and proofread before

finalizing the results.

 Chapter IV

Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data

This chapter discusses the data analysis and findings from the ten (10) mothers

that we’ve conducted an interview. Their answers had specific themes in each question.

The aim of this study is to determine the mother’s experiences about having a teenage

mom daughter, their acceptance to her daughter when she knew that her daughter is

already pregnant, their feeling after knowing her daughter is bearing a child, the

possible reason this happened to her daughter, the treatment to the child after knowing

that she is pregnant and how did it affect to the mother and the effects of it to the teen

age mom’s mom as a mother.

This simulacrum shows a teenage mom. Inside her tummy are the themes that

we formulated in this chapter 4.

Acceptance, Rejection,
Happiness, Dissapointment,
Choice, Being in a relationship,
Special treatment, Ignorance,
Different changes, Stronger
mother and daughter
relationship.
TABLE 1

Themes identified from the question how does teenage mom’s mother accepted her daughter when she

knew that her daughter is already pregnant

THEMES DESCRIPTIONS

Mother accepted their daughter after

ACCEPTANCE
knowing that they are bearing a child.

Mother rejected their daughter at first after

REJECTION
knowing that they are bearing a child.

Note: Themes are listed in order from most to least common.

Theme 1. Acceptance. The largest theme is Acceptance, where in the respondents

express their opinions about how they accepted their daughter after knowing that she is

pregnant. Here the participants provided their opinions about their experiences on how

they accepted their child. The participants of the research said that it is really hard to

accept but as mother and knowing that their child is pregnant they become more

understanding.

………………… For me it is okay because Mariel is my only child and it’s okay to me to

have a grandchild because I love children …………… (R2)

………………… I know that time will come that she will get pregnant but in her case it is

too early but it’s okay for me and I was not shocked after knowing it because I know that

she will get pregnant and it will really happen into a woman…… (R8)

Theme 2. Rejection. The second theme is rejection wherein the respondents express

themselves about their reaction after knowing that their child is pregnant. Some mothers

rejected their child at first because they were hurt and dissapointed. Here the

participants provided their opinions about their experiences on how they rejected their

child. The participants of the research said that it is really hard to accept that’s why they

rejected their daughters at first.

…………… At first I was really hurt and I am really dissapointed *sobs* I didn’t expect

that she will got pregnant in an early age………… (R5)

…………… Ofcourse it is really hard for me because I am a strict parent then I will

figure out that my child is pregnant in an early age and she os studying at the same

time. I drove her out at first but in the end she still went home……… (R9)

TABLE 2

Themes Identified from question what did the mother feels after knowing her daughter is bearing a child
 THEMES DESCRIPTIONS

Most of the mothers are dissapointed for

DISSAPOINTMENT knowing that their daughter is pregnant in

an early age.

Some of the mothers are happy because

HAPPINESS
they are excited to have a grandchild.

Note: Themes are listed in order from most to least common.

Theme 1. Dissapointment. The largest theme that we’ve collected here is

Dissapointment, where in the respondents express their opinions about how they felt

after they knew that their daughter is pregnant. Here the participants provided their

opinions about their feelings on how they reacted to their child. The participants of the

research said that it is really dissapointing for them as a mother.

…………… At first I did not accept her as much as I was able to trust her whole but she

broke my trust, I did not know if I would let her or I talk to her. I am very dissaponted to

her ofcourse …… (R9)

…………… Of course, it hurts, it hurts the world has fallen because I have a dream for

her to finish her studies, so I said, Lord, it's up to you to give me a long way of

understanding * sobs* …… (R5)

Theme 2. Happiness. The second theme is happiness where in the respondents

express their opinions about how they felt after they knew that their daughter is

pregnant. Here the participants provided their opinions about their feelings on how they

reacted to their child. The participants of the research said that it is really give them

happiness as a mother and a grandmother.

………… I'm just a little bit angry but I've when I saw that baby of course happiness had

been replaced when I'm angry with her * laughing * I still remember because the child

looks like me…. (R2)

… I am happy because I will become a grandmother *laughs*…… (R4)

TABLE 3

Themes Identified from question what would be the possible reason teenage

pregnancy happened to her daughter to her daughter

THEMES DESCRIPTIONS

Teenage moms got pregnant in an early

CHOICE
age because it is their choice.

BEING IN A RELATIONSHIP Being in a relationship can cause

 pregnancy to a teenager in an early age.

Note: Themes are listed in order from most to least common.

Theme 1. Choice. The largest theme is Acceptance, where in the respondents express

their opinions about the reason why their children got pregnant in an early age. Here the

participants provided their opinions about their thoughts on why their children got

pregnant in an early age. The participants of the research said that it is their choice. A

teenager have a two choices which are to have sex and can produce a baby and to

avoid sex to avoid being pregnant in an early age.

…… Maybe it's her time or maybe it’s her choice. I am not controlling her because she

knew what is wrong and what is right. It is her choice that’s why she got pregnant in an

early…… (R5)

… Even though I am a strict mom it is her choice if she will listen to me and obey me but

in her case she chose her selfish choice which leads her in her journey today that she is

already pregnant in the age of 16… (R7)

Theme 2. Being in a relationship. While in a relationship, sex can’t avoid by the lovers

nowadays. Respondents answered that the cause of the early pregnancy of their

daughters is being in a relationship which leads to sex. Being in a relationship and

having sex has a large possibility that a woman can be a mother. Most mothers said
that their daughters are in a relationship that’s why it is really possible that their

daughters get pregnant.

............. Well, it's not possible because she got a boyfriend so she got pregnant at a

young age but it’s okay to me now........ (R4)

............ Because of technology, boyfriend, date meet ups then baby..... (R7)

TABLE 4

Themes Identified from question how did the mother treat her child after knowing that she is pregnant

THEMES DESCRIPTIONS

Mothers treated their child extra special

SPECIAL TREATMENT
after knowing that she is pregnant.

Mothers ignore their children and

Ignorance
neglected them.

Note: Themes are listed in order from most to least common.

Theme 1. Special Treatment. The largest theme is Special Treatment, wherein the

respondents express their opinions about the ways on how they treated their chidren

after knowing that she is pregnant. Here the participants provided their opinions about

their thoughts on how they treated their children that is pregnant in an early age. The
participants of the research said that it is their choice. Most of the mothers had a special

treatment because they become more careful to their daughters. As a mother, they are

more protectful to their children. In this case, their daughter is bearing a child in their

tummies that’s why they are extra careful to their daughters.

……… Of course I still care for her because I still carry her especially when she had my

grandchild I become more careful because I love them both, my daughter and my

grandchild………… (R2)

…………. I know that it is to be a mother that’s why I helped her in her days being a

mom and I saw that she is really having a hard time that’s why I become extra careful

with my actions and words to her… (R6)

Theme 2. Ignorance. There are still mothers who ignore their child because anger is

dominant. They can’t still accept their child because it is very dissapointing for them. It

takes time for them to fully accept their children because it really hurt them.

………… Of course I was so angry with her because I trusted her a lot and then she

dissapointed me after she confronted me that she is pregnant, I do not know if I'll talk to

her……… (R9)
……… Ofcourse the pain is still in my heart, as if I did not notice her at first but I still

love her so I did not neglect her……

Table 5

Themes Identified from question how does it affect to the mother and the effects of it to the teenage

mom’s mom as a mother

THEMES DESCRIPTION

As a mother they had encountered

Different Changes different changes that affect them as

mother and the effects of it as a mother.

The relationship of the mother to her

Stronger Mother and Daughter
daughter becomes stronger because of
Relationship
the early pregnancy of her daughter.

Note: Themes are listed in order from most to least common.

Theme 1. Different Changes. The largest theme is Different CHanges, where in the

respondents express their opinions about how they does the early pregnancy affect

them as a mother and the effects of it as mother to them. Here the participants provided

their opinions about their experiences on how did they the early pregnancy of their

daughter affects them and the effect of it to them. The participants of the research said

that there are different changes in their life. For example, the budget for the family

becomes bigger because of the new member of the family.

…… I became more productive when my daughter got pregnant because the budget of

the family becomes bigger and as a grandmother, I will be a loving and caring

grandmother to my grandchild…… (R2)

…… There are lot of changes as mother happened to me when my daughter got

pregnant, I balanced my time to my family and to my daughter because I know that she

needs guidance from me. I’ve already encountered the hardships being a mother that’s

why I know that she really need me because in her case she is a teen age mom………

(R7)

Theme 2. Stronger mother and daughter relationship. As a mother she is very

careful about her child. In this theme mother elaborated that their relationship to her

teen age mom daughter become stronger where in the respondents express their

opinions about the relationship of a mother to her daughter’s early pregnancy. Here the

participants provided their opinions about their thoughts on why their relationships to

their daughter become stronger.

……… We cannot avoid the gossippers around our barangay. You know chismis. As a

mother I fought for my child ofcourse I don’t want her to be abused and I don’t want that

our neighbors will talk about her……… (R2)

……… As a mother I will fight for my daughter. Some of our neighbors said that she is a

disgrace to our family but who cares? She is my daughter and for me she is not a

disgrace to our family because she is a gift from God and her child is our blessing…

(R10)

DISCUSSION

Mothers have different perspectives in answeing the questions that we gave to

them. According to Watts and Mcmichael (2015), Family and friends are considered a

source of support, and for teenagers this is significant in how they will reintegrate with

education, employment and social life. Our respondents, which are mothers, most of

them supported their child after knowing that she is pregnant and they aceepted their

daughters. Most young mothers received some support from their parents and

guardians. The extent of support that the women received from these people depended

on the relationship they had before the pregnancy and birth of the baby. Where the

relationship between parents or guardians and teens had been good, they were likely to

receive support.

In a few cases, however, partners flatly denied they were responsible for the

pregnancy (Ankomah & Gyesaw, 2013). Some mothers rejected their child after

knowing that she is pregnant. At first mothers rejected their child because of

dissapointment, anger and frustration. In some families, pregnancy was well accepted

and was a reason for joy and happiness, even though it was accompanied by accepting

the situation.
 Families in which teenagers bear children have historically been characterized by

grandparental childrearing systems, wherein the adolescent's mother typically provides

the primary hands-on care for the teen's child (Burton, 1995, 1996a, 1996b). Some of

the mothers said that they had stronger relationship to their daughters even though their

daughter had an early pregnancy.

CHAPTER V

Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations

Summary of Findings
 The main purpose of this study is to know the insight of a mother in her

daughter’s early pregnancy. Specifically, the aim of this study is to determine the

mother’s experiences about having a teenage mom daughter, their acceptance to her

daughter when she knew that her daughter is already pregnant, their feeling after

knowing her daughter is bearing a child, the possible reason this happened to her

daughter, the treatment to the child after knowing that she is pregnant and how did it

affect to the mother and the effects of it to the teen age mom’s mom as a mother. The

researchers used purposive sampling as a research sampling for the researchers set

criteria for the respondents ten (10) mothers ranging from age 35 years old and above

within National Capital Region (NCR) for the needed data.

Table 1 consist of Themes identified from the question how does teenage mom’s

mother accepted her daughter when she knew that her daughter is already pregnant.

There are two themes in this table and the themes are acceptance and rejection.

According to the respondents, most of them accepted their child after knowing that she

is pregnant in an early age. Some of the mothers rejected their child in their cases

because of dissapointment.

Table 2 consist of themes Identified from question what did the mother feels after

knowing her daughter is bearing a child which are dissapointment and happiness,

Ofcourse, most of the mothers are dissapointed because of having a baby and in an

early age but some of them are happy because they are becoming a grandmother.

Table 3 consist of themes Identified from question what would be the possible

reason that the daughter became pregnant in an early age and the themes are choice
and being in a relationship. Mothers say that being in a relationship is the main cause of

early pregnancy and some says that it’s their choice to be pregnant.

Table 4 consist of themes Identified from question how did the mother treat her

child after knowing that she is pregnant which are special treatment and ignorance. For

some mothers they gave special treatment to their daughter because they can’t neglect

them but for some they ignored their daughter because of anger and dissapointment.

Table 5 consist of themes Identified from question how does it affect to the

mother and the effects of it to the teenage mom’s mom as a mother and the themes are

different changes and stronger mother and daughter relationship. As a mother they’ve

encountered different changes in their life because of their daughter’s early pregnancy

on the other hand mother says that they have a strong relationship with her daughter.

Conclusion

The reearcher conclude that most of the mothers can’t neglect their child even if

she is pregnant in an early age. At first they will be dissapointed and rejects her

daughter but in the end they will stiil accept their daughter and her grandchild. As a

mother, she already knew the hardships of being a mom that’s why she knew the

feeling of her daughter and guidance is a must. Researchers concluded that mother

knows best but still people must think before they doing something because it has

different effects into different people.

Recommendations

Teenage Pregnancy in the Lives of Teenagers Today.

The researchers give the teenagers enlightenment that teenage pregnancy can

be a big choice to a teenager’s life and to give them adequate information about
pregnancy before they make a decision or seek options for the sake of both the teenage

mother and the child itself. The research will help the teenagers today to be aware that

this can have a great impact on their lives because not only do they have to enter a

different path of life, they have to deal with full responsibility and think about future

plans. It can also help them determine that they should care about their well-being in a

way to put them in safety and to have respect for their womanhoodto whichever choice

they make.

Mothers Who Seek for the Well-being of their Child.

The researchers will help the mothers’ of teenagers to realize that teenage

pregnancy will make it hard for their child because they have to deal with early

responsibilities instead of dealing with other social activities to empower their

independence. This study will help mothers to be aware that the early pregnancy of their

children will have to deal with how they cope financially and how the relationship of both

parent and child will part. This will also help them to learn the possibilities of teenage

pregnancy not only to the lives of their children but also to their lives that can cause

shock, disappointment and a sense of guilt and responsibility.

Teenagers Experiencing Teenage Pregnancy.

The researchers encourage teenagers experiencing early pregnancy to find ways

on how to cope with what they are experiencing at the moment to guide them in what

they need to do in order to keep themselves safe and also the well-being of the child.

This will also help them in finding ways or groups that can provide emotional support as

well as information on child development and health care. The researchers encourage
them to strengthen their courage and help them with their own issues thatbecame a

parent at a young age.

Future Researchers.

The researchers would like to help the future researchers in this kind of study in a

way that they would better understand Teenage Pregnancy in the life of teenagers and

would help them to grasps the meaning of teenage pregnancy in this current time. This

study would also help them in the enrichment of their minds that there are choices that

we decide for our safety and for the sake of our lives.