LEONORA S.

SALAPANTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
R. V. Sanchez Street, San Miguel, Iloilo

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) EXTRACT AS

AN ALTERNATIVE MASSAGE OIL

A Senior High School Research Presented to

Senior High School Department

Leonora S. Salapantan National High School

San Miguel, Iloilo

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for

(Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Strand

Angel Jana C. Cadungog

John Brian P. Candaganan

Mhax Joseph Rudaniel A. Cereño

Kim Zedrick S. Dimaapi

Jhennel Marie J. Fernandez

Dan Michael A. Saban

July 2023
 LEONORA S. SALAPANTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
R. V. Sanchez Street, San Miguel, Iloilo

Approval Sheet

The research study attached here to, entitled “Physical properties of Lemongrass

(Cymbopogon citratus) extract as an alternative massage oil” in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand is hereby

accepted.

Advisory Committee:

JOSELITO TRANDIO P. MENDOZA, PhD _________________

Panelist Date Signed

MARJORIE H. GOROY, MEd _________________

Panelist Date Signed

EDGARDO S. CON-EL JR., PhD _________________

Panelist Date Signed

EMILIE B. SANCIO, MAEd _________________

Panelist Date Signed

Recommending Approval:

MARJORIE H. GOROY, MEd _________________

School Research Coordinator Date Signed

EDGARDO S. CON-EL JR., PhD _________________

Asst. Principal II, SHS Date Signed

Approved:

MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO, PhD _________________

School Principal III Date Signed
 iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to extend their sincerest gratitude to the following

persons who extended their help and support in any way they know on how to make this

research study possible:

To the school principal III, Dr. Mary Grace L. Castillo for her warmth inspiration,

guidance, and encouragement throughout the study.

To the assistant school principal II of the Senior High School, Dr. Edgardo S.

Con-el Jr. for his valuable guidance and support throughout the study.

To Dr. Joselito T. Mendoza, one of the panelists who gave advice, suggestions,

and guidance.

To Mrs. Emilie B. Sancio, research adviser who shared her knowledge, time, and

expertise in this study.

To Mr. Marvin James E. Pinuela, statistician who gave advice, suggestions, and

endless support to finish this study.

To their validators, Dr. Edgardo S. Con-el Jr., Mr. Gerome G. Buyco, and Mrs.

Ma. Lyn S. Casipe who shared their time and expertise in validating the research

instrument.

To Mr. Niño C. Simoy, Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer

(MENRO) for letting them use the lemongrass as a subject for their research study.

To Mrs. Maricor S. Sanchez, who spent her spare time in teaching the

researchers the ways on how to massage correctly and for helping them to massage the

respondents.
 iv

To Jibao-an Elementary School and Leonora S. Salapantan National High

School’s Laboratory, for letting the researchers borrow their laboratory tools and

equipments.

To the respondents, who voluntarily participated in the survey to finish this

study.

To their friends and classmates for supporting them and giving words of

encouragement.

To their ever-supportive parents, for extending their moral and financial support,

and encouragement throughout the whole duration of this research study.

Above all, to the Almighty God, who is the source of their wisdom, knowledge,

strength, ability in conducting their research study and for always out there to help and

provide their needs. To him belongs all the glory.

Angel Jana C. Cadungog

John Brian P. Candaganan

Mhax Joseph Rudaniel A. Cereño

Kim Zedrick S. Dimaapi

Jhennel Marie J. Fernandez

Dan Michael A. Saban

 v

ABSTRACT
This study focused on the physical properties of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)

extract as an alternative massage oil. This study provided three treatments, Treatment A

for 100 g of Lemongrass and 100 ml of olive oil, Treatment B for 100 g of Lemongrass

and 100 ml coconut oil, and Treatment C for the commercial massage oil (Efficascent

oil). The study employed experimental design. SPSS and One-Way ANOVA were used

to compare the differences of the physical properties of the three treatments in terms of

viscosity, time of absorption, density, texture, soothing effect, and odor. There are thirty

respondents who participated to answer the survey questionnaire using the convenience

sampling and the participation is entirely voluntary. The study revealed that Lemongrass

extract could be an alternative massage oil. In addition, the study shows that there is a

significant difference among the three treatments in terms of viscosity, time of

absorption, soothing effect, and odor. The result showed that there is no significant

difference among the three treatments in terms of density and texture. Thus, the study

recommended that by the physical properties of the lemongrass massage oil, people can

use this product to reduce and relieve pain on their body and maintain their health for

their everyday work.

 vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i

Approval Sheet ii

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract

Table of Contents

vi

List of Figures viii

List of Tables

ix

Chapter

1 Introduction

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 4

Objectives of the Study 4

Hypotheses 4

Conceptual Framework and Research Paradigm 5

Significance of the study 7

Scope and Delimitation 8

 vii

Definition of Terms 8

2 Materials and Methods

Method of Investigation 11

Research Design 11

Experimental Materials 11

Data collection, preparation, and process 14

Statistical Analysis 16

3 Results and Discussion

Results 17

Discussion 23

Conclusions 24

Recommendations 25

References 26

Appendices

Appendix A: Letter to the Principal 30

Appendix B: Letter to the Assistant School Principal 31

Appendix C: Letter to the Outside 32

Appendix D: Letter to the Validators 33

Appendix E: Letter to the Statistician 36

Appendix F: Letter to the Respondents 37

Appendix G: Research Instrument 38

Appendix H: Raw Data 42

 viii

Appendix I: Timeline 46

Appendix J: Documentation 48

Appendix K: Curriculum Vitae 53

List of Figures

Figures Page

Figure 1 Independent Variable and Dependent Variable 5

Figure 2 Input, Process, and Output of the Study 6

Figure 3 Research Methods and Procedures 14

 ix

List of Tables

Tables Page

Table 1 List of Materials and their uses 12

Table 2A Viscosity Results 17

Table 2B Time of Absorption Results 17

Table 2C Density Results 18

Table 2D Soothing effect Results 18

Table 2E Odor Results 19

Table 2F Texture Results 19

Table 3A One-Way ANOVA Test Results for Viscosity 20

Table 3B One-Way ANOVA Test Results for Time of Absorption 20

Table 3C One-Way ANOVA Test Results for Density 21

Table 3D One-Way ANOVA Test Results for Soothing Effect 21

Table 3E One-Way ANOVA Test Results for Odor 22

Table 3F One-Way ANOVA Test Results for Texture 22

 1

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a shrub-like herb with a distinct lemon

aroma and a flavor. The prefix ‘lemon’ owes to its typical lemon like odor, which is due to

the presence of a citral, a cyclic monoterpene (Bidya, B. & Manvitha, K., 2014).

According to Encyclopedia.com (2019), it grows around 8 feet in height; light shade of

yellow green in color and in some cases most species shrinks off at 4 feet. It is native to

the tropical regions of Asia and the Indian sub-continent. It is also relatively easy to grow

in a home herb garden and is a nice plant for containers (Goodwin, L., 2019).

Lemongrass contains a lot of nutritional benefits such as it prevents cancer, boosts

immunity, treats fever, reduces pain, promotes body detoxification, and prevents

stomach pain (Olsen, N., 2019). According to Wilson, D. (2019), it has antibacterial and

antifungal properties. Vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and other chemical that function

as antioxidants are abundant in all parts of Lemongrass. It also protects against heart

disease due to the presence of quercetin (WebMD Editorial Contributors, 2022). It can

also kill bacterias and can help our digestive system (Soon, L., 2017). Therefore,

Lemongrass is highly beneficial to health.

Most people suffer from the body pain caused by overwork or strained muscles.

This is the reason we conducted this study which is developing an alternative massage

oil made in lemongrass extract and determining its physical properties that could help to

reduce and relieve body pains. Research has found a lot of potential health benefits of

Lemongrass. Therefore, some researchers made an essential oil from this plant.

Compared to other oils, lemongrass oil is more beneficial due to its health benefits. The

possible antioxidant activity of the lemongrass may protect against antibiotic-resistant,

staphylococcus aureus (Chen, J., et al., 2020). According to Young, G. (2021),

Lemongrass oil has a rejuvenating and stimulating impact. It has a strong but pleasant
 2

citrus aroma that is perfect for invigorating the user. Bass, L. (2021) stated that this

grass has essential oil, where it can diminish arthritis, sterile, stimulating, antispasmodic,

and pain reliever. It may even help in balancing cholesterol levels, managing type two

diabetes, and promoting healthy skin. The prominent cultivation of lemongrass

(Cymbopogon citratus) relies on the pharmacological incentives of its essential oil.

Lemongrass essential oil carries a significant amount of numerous bioactive compounds,

such as citral (mixture of geranial and neral), isoneral, isogeranial, geraniol, geranyl

acetate, citronellal, citronellol, germacrene-D, and elemol, in addition to other bioactive

compounds (Mukarram, M., 2020).

Initial intensive research conducted on lemongrass extracts may have showed

conflicting evidence, however, the resurgence in claims of folk medicine practitioners

necessitated further inquiry into the efficacy of its extract (Olorunnisola, S., et al. 2014).

According to Hammed, A., et al. (2014), lemongrass extract was non-toxic, non-

mutagenic, and receives wide acceptance among alternative medicine practitioners in

several developing countries. Investigations conducted on different lemongrass extracts

showed other important therapeutic potentials such as anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive,

and anti-mutagenicity (Simsek, S., 2014). Therefore, this natural extract has potential to

be developed as an alternative essential oil.

Lemongrass or also known as tanglad, grows abundantly in the Philippines and it

is now commercially cultivated. Due to its fragrant leaves, it became popular in the

Philippines (Hernandez, B., 2018). With this, the researchers came up with an idea of

producing a Lemongrass massage oil. Given the growing consumer demand and global

market for essential oil, few recent reports have suggested that various sustainable

approaches for enhancing lemongrass production even further, either in field condition or

in culture, through the application of elicitors, nanoparticles, and metabolite regulators

(Poltronieri, P., et al., 2021). The main purpose of this study is to investigate the physical
 3

properties of Lemongrass extract as an alternative massage oil. The researchers would

like to know if the Lemongrass could produce a home remedy oil. This study will also

show the methods and processes in making lemongrass massage oil and the benefits it

can give.
 4

1.1 Statement of the Problem

The aim of this study is to develop an alternative massage oil from the

Lemongrass extract and to investigate its physical properties by responding to the

following questions:

1. What are the physical properties of Lemongrass extract as an alternative

massage oil using different treatments in terms of viscosity, time of absorption,

density, soothing effect, odor, and texture?

2. Is there a significant difference in the physical properties of lemongrass extract

as an alternative massage oil using different treatments in terms of viscosity, time

of absorption, density, soothing effect, odor, and texture?

1.2 Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study aims to examine and distinguish the physical properties of

Lemongrass extract as an alternative massage oil.

Specifically, this study aims to:

1. Determine the physical properties of lemongrass when use as an alternative

massage oil using two treatments.

a. Treatment A: 100 g of lemongrass, 100 ml of olive oil

b. Treatment B: 100 g of lemongrass, 100 ml of coconut oil

1.3 Hypotheses

1. There is no significant difference in the physical properties of the three

treatments in terms of viscosity, time of absorption, density, soothing effect, odor, and

texture.
 5

1.4 Conceptual Framework and Research Paradigm

Independent and Dependent Variables

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Treatment A

DEPENDENT VARIABLE
100 mL of olive oil

Physical properties of Lemon

100 g of lemongrass
Grass (Cymbopogon citratus)
Treatment B
extract as an alternative massage

100 mL of coconut oil oil

100 g of lemongrass

Treatment C

Commercial Massage Oil

(Efficascent Oil)

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework of the Study

Figure one (1) shows the independent and dependent variables of this study.

The independent variables are the three different treatments. On the other hand, the

dependent variable in this study is the physical properties of the lemongrass

(Cymbopogon citratus) extract as an alternative massage oil.

 6

Paradigm of the Study

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Lemongrass  Cutting the leaves and stalks Physical

stalks and of the lemongrass, washing it properties of

leaves. properly, make it dry, cutting lemongrass

the lemongrass into small (Cymbopogon

sizes and crushing it using a citratus) extract as

mortar and pestle, an alternative

transferring it in a bowl, massage oil.

boiling it together with the

base oil, straining and

cooling it down for 1 hour,

and storing it inside the glass

bottles.

 Application of the massage

oil to the respondents.

Figure 2. Input, Process, and Output of the study.

In this study, the researchers adopted the Input, Process, and Output (IPO)

format in presenting the phases of the study. The first column includes the lemongrass

stalks and leaves that were used in the study. The second column shows the process of

making lemongrass massage oil and the application of the massage oil to the

respondents. Lastly, the third column shows the possible outcome or the product of the

study.
 7

1.5 Significance of the Study

The rationale of this proposed research was to investigate the physical properties

of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) extract as an alternative massage oil. The results

of this study may provide significant impact to the following:

The Adults. The outcome of this study will benefit them by reducing stress, anxiety,

muscle, and body pain when alternative lemongrass massage oil is applied.

The businessmen. This will also gather interested business-minded people to make this

as a product to be sold in the business industry.

The massage therapists. This will help them as massage experts to be aware of the

physical properties of lemongrass and to determine how to use it properly.

The workers. This will help them to relieve their body pain because of too much work on

their jobs.

The teachers. This will help them relieve their stress and to support their concentration

and focus on their class.

The students. This could help them to reduce their stress, exhaustion, and anxiety

caused by their schoolworks and to make them productive and active in school.

The future researchers. This will benefit the future researchers undertaking similar

research, this will help them to gather data and information about this study and use it as

a guide.
 8

1.6 Scope and Delimitation

The subject of the study focused on the physical properties of lemongrass extract

as an alternative massage oil. The study was conducted at Jibao-an, Pavia, Iloilo. Three

treatments were used in the study. The product of the study was tested to 30 people that

ages 30-60 years old.

This study will provide the data and information needed such as the comparison

among the three treatments, the benefits that the lemongrass can give, and the methods

and process in making the product.

1.7 Definition of Terms

In order to provide readers with a clear understanding and interpretation of the

basic concepts used in this study, the following terms were defined conceptually and

operationally.

Alternative. A choice limited to one of two or more possibilities, as of things,

proportions, or courses of actions, the selection of which precludes any other possibility

(Thesaurus, M. 2010).

In this study, it is used to replace commercial massage oil products into a natural

lemongrass essential oil.

Body Pain. It is an unpleasant sensation in the body that is triggered by the

nervous system (Excedrin, 2014).

In this study, it is the basis that would help the researchers to identify the

effectiveness of lemongrass oil.

Density. The measurement of quantity or mass per unit of volume in a particular

substance (Safeopedia, 2019).

 9

In this study, it is the process to calculate the volume of treatments.

Efficacy. In medical terms, efficacy refers to the ability of a product or treatment

to provide a beneficial effect (News Medical Net, 2016).

In this study, it is the capacity for producing a product which is the lemongrass

massage oil and to test its effectivity.

Extract. It is to remove or take out, specially by effort or force (Horng, et., al.

2010).

In this study, it is the substance that obtained from the lemongrass leaves and

stalks.

Lemongrass. Is a plant that is native in many locations across the world. The

plant’s stalks are used in Asian cookery, but lemongrass may also be brewed into tea or

extracted as an alternative oil (Rachel Nall, 2018).

In this study, it is the plant that used to produce a product.

Massage oil. It is an oil used during massages to lubricate the skin and reduce

friction (Pediaa, 2020).

In this study, it is the basis why the researchers developed a product.

Odor. A quality of something that is perceived by the sense of smell (The Free

Dictionary, 2016).

In this study, odor is used to determine the fragrance of each treatment.

Soothing Effect. Having a calming, assuaging, or relieving effect; producing

feelings of comfort (Dictionary.com, 2023).

In this study, it is used to stimulate the different treatments in engaging a

comforting and calming effect.

Texture. The visual or tactile surface characteristics and appearance of

something (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

 10

In this study, it is used to determine the appearance or the consistency of the

massage oil.

Time of Absorption. The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is

absorbed by another (Encyclopedia.com, 2022).

In this study, it is the method to measure the absorption of the different

treatments.

Viscosity. Defined as the measure of the resistance of a fluid to gradual

deformation by shear or tensile stress (Cannon, 2023).

In this study, viscosity is used to regulate the flow of the different treatments.
 11

Chapter 2

MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Method of Investigation

In this study, the researchers used an experimental method of research.

Experimental research can be done in the laboratory, in the class or in the field and it

involves the manipulation of variables to establish cause and effect relationship. The

researchers conducted this study to determine the physical properties of lemongrass

extract as an alternative massage oil. The sampling technique used in selecting the

participants belongs to the non-Probability sampling technique which is the Convenience

sampling because the participants were selected based on availability and willingness to

take part for this experiment.

2.2 Research Design

This study was experimental research with a quantitative approach to collect and

gather data. Quantitative research is a type of research that focuses on gathering

numerical data and generalizing it across the groups of people. The researchers chose

the design to examine and distinguish the physical properties of lemongrass extract as

an alternative massage oil. The result shows the significant difference among the three

treatments of massage oil.

2.3 Experimental materials

The first phase in gathering and collection of data is the preparation of the

materials, tools, and ingredients needed in conducting the research methods and

procedures.
 12

Table 1.

List of materials and their uses

MATERIALS/ INGREDIENTS USED AS/TO

I. Substances

Base Oil (Olive Oil and Coconut Oil) Provide a soothing, moisturizing sensation

during a massage. It also acts as an

additional medium in which essential oils

can be blended.

Distilled water Release the extract from the lemongrass

by diffusion mechanism.

II. Glassware materials

Glass measuring cup (200 ml) Measure the volume of the liquids.

and Graduated cylinder (10 ml)

Glass bottles The product will be stored.

III. Non-glassware materials

Stainless pan Where the water was boiled.

Ladle and spoon Stir and mix the substances.

Strainer Separate the leaves and stalks from the

oil.

Funnel Transfer the product to the glass bottles.

 13

Mortar and pestle Crush the stalks and leaves.

Stopwatch Monitor time.

Postal scale Determine the mass or weight of the

objects.

Table 1 shows the materials, tools, and ingredients to be used in conducting the

research experiment with the inclusion of their specific uses.

2.3.1 Substances

The substances that the researchers used in the study are Olive oil, Coconut

oil, and water. The base oil was added and used to boil together with the lemongrass

leaves and stalks to release its extract.

2.3.2 Glassware Materials

The glassware materials used during the experimentation includes glass

measuring cup (200 ml) and a graduated cylinder (10 ml) for the measurement of the

volume of liquids and glass bottles where the product was stored.

2.3.3 Non-Glassware Materials

The non-glassware materials used during the experimentation includes plastic

gloves, stainless pan, ladle or spoon, strainer, mortar and pestle, and funnel, stopwatch,

and postal scale.

 14

2.4 Data Collection, Preparation and Process

This section is divided into five (5) phases as follows:

Collection of
Lemongrass
Analysis of the
physical properties
of the massage oil

Preparation of
Lemongrass extract

Application of the
alternative massage
oil on the
Preparation of the respondents
three treatments

Figure 3. Research Methods and Procedures

2.4.1 Collection of Lemongrass

Fresh leaves and stalks of lemongrass used in the study was collected from Jibao-

an, Pavia, Iloilo in January 2023. Gathered Lemongrass were washed and was kept

dried. The lemongrass was then chopped with the use of knife. 100 g of lemongrass

were weighed in every treatment for the entire study.

2.4.2 Preparation of Lemongrass Extract

100 g of lemongrass for every treatment were extracted with the use of mortar

and pestle and the lemongrass was then mixed with the base oil.
 15

2.4.3 Preparation of the Three Treatments

Three treatments were observed in the study. For the first treatment, 100 g of

Lemongrass and 100 ml of Olive oil. For the second treatment, 100 g of Lemongrass

and 100 ml of Coconut oil. For the third treatment, it was a commercial massage oil

which is the Efficascent oil. The researchers used olive oil and coconut oil because it

captures the plant’s (lemongrass) scents or “essence”. Olive oil helps in relieving sore

muscles and strained joints, and the powerful anti-inflammatory compounds present in

the oil soothe arthritis pain, recover inflamed tissues, and protects the skin against

infection. Coconut oil has anti-inflammatory properties, and it helps to soothe and relax

muscles within our body.

2.4.4 Application of the Alternative Massage oil to the respondents

The product of this study which was the massage oil was tested to 30 people

ages 30-60 years old. Questions regarding the physical properties of the three

treatments were then asked to the respondents after the application. Comparison among

the three treatments was also the concern of the study.

2.4.5 Analysis of the Physical Properties of the Lemongrass Extract as an

alternative massage oil

After the experiment, the data obtained was tabulated and analyzed according to

the product’s viscosity, time of absorption, density, soothing effect, odor, and texture.

The data was examined in detail to determine the physical properties of the lemongrass

as an alternative massage oil. The data was analyzed to compare the differences among

the three treatments, and this will allow the researchers to determine whether or not

there is a significant difference among the three treatments.

 16

2.5 Statistical Analysis

The following is the statistical tools, which will be used to analyze the results of

the study:

2.5.1 One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

It is a statistical tool used to determine whether there are any statistically

significant differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated)

groups.

2.5.2 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Calculator

The data collected from the study was analyzed and processed through the IBM

SPSS Calculator. It is a statistical analysis software that uses data for data analysis and

data visualization.
 17

Chapter 3
Results and Discussion

Descriptive Analysis

Table 2A

Treatments N SD Mean

A (Lemongrass with Olive oil) 3 .87 5.92

B (Lemongrass with Coconut oil) 3 .31 4.62

C (Commercial Massage oil) 3 .19 1.31

Viscosity Results

Note: 0.01-2.33 (low viscosity), 2.34-4.66 (medium viscosity), 4.67-7.00 (high viscosity)

Table 2A shows the viscosity of every treatment. The result shows that

Treatment A (M=5.92, SD=.87) has high viscosity. Treatment B (M=4.62, SD=.31) has

medium viscosity while Treatment C (M=1.31, SD=.19) has low viscosity.

Table 2B

Time of Absorption Results

Treatments N SD Mean

A (Lemongrass with Olive oil) 3 1.53 36.33

B (Lemongrass with Coconut oil) 3 1.53 40.33

C (Commercial Massage oil) 3 .58 25.67

Note: 1-16 (fast absorption), 17-36 (moderate absorption), 37-50 (slow absorption)

Table 2B shows the time of absorption of every treatment. The result shows that

Treatment A (M=36.33, SD=1.53) has a moderate absorption rate, Treatment B

 18

(M=40.33, SD=1.53) has a slow absorption rate, and Treatment C (M=25.67, SD=.58)

has moderate absorption rate.

Table 2C

Treatments N SD Mean

A (Lemongrass with Olive oil) 3 2.52 887.67

B (Lemongrass with Coconut oil) 3 12.01 893.33

C (Commercial Massage oil) 3 7.55 880.00

Density Results

Note: below 1000 kg/m³ (low), 1000-1500 kg/m³ (moderate),1500-above(high)

Table 2C shows the density of every treatment. The result shows that Treatment

A (M=887.67, SD=2.52), Treatment B (M=893.33, SD=12.01), and Treatment C (M=880,

SD=7.55) has low density.

Table 2D

Soothing Effect Results

Treatments Mean SD Description

A (Lemongrass with Olive oil) 2.87 .35 Gentle

B (Lemongrass with Coconut oil) 2.87 .35 Gentle

C (Commercial Massage oil) 2.50 .51 Gentle

Note: 1-1.49 (Irritating), 1.50-2.49 (Warm), 2.50-3.00 (Gentle)

Table 2D shows the soothing effect of every treatment. The result shows that

both Treatment A and B has a mean of 2.87 while Treatment C has a mean of 2.50 and

all the treatments has a gentle effect.

 19

Table 2E

Treatments Mean SD Description

A (Lemongrass with Olive oil) 2.63 .49 Light

B (Lemongrass with Coconut oil) 2.50 .51 Light

C (Commercial Massage oil) 2.07 .74 Moderate

Odor Results

Note: 1-1.49 (Strong), 1.50-2.49 (Moderate), 2.50-3.00 (Light)

Table 2E shows the odor of every treatment. The result shows that Treatment A

has the highest mean of 2.63 and Treatment B has a mean of 2.50, both have a light

odor while Treatment C with a mean of 2.07 categorized as moderate in odor.

Table 2F

Treatments Mean SD Description

A (Lemongrass with Olive oil) 2.73 .45 Smooth

B (Lemongrass with Coconut oil) 2.67 .48 Smooth

C (Commercial Massage oil) 2.83 .38 Smooth

Texture Results

Note: 1-1.49 (Sticky), 1.50-2.49 (Oily), 2.50-3.00(Smooth)

Table 2F shows the texture of every treatment. The result shows that Treatment

C obtained the highest mean of 2.83 and Treatment A has a mean of 2.73, and

Treatment B has a mean of 2.67. All three treatments have a smooth texture.
 20

Inferential Analysis

Table 3A

Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square

Between 33.935 2 16.968 57.829 .001

Groups

Within Groups 1.760 6 .293

Total 36.696 8

One-way ANOVA Test Results for Viscosity

Note: p<.05

The table shows the One-Way ANOVA test result for viscosity. The result is .001,

indicating that there is a significant difference in viscosity across the three treatments.

Table 3B

Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square

Between 344.889 2 172.444 103.467 .001

Groups

Within Groups 10.000 6 1.667

Total 354.889 8

One-Way ANOVA Test Results for Time of Absorption

Note: p<.05
 21

The table shows the One-Way ANOVA test result for Time of Absorption. The

result is .001, indicating that there is a significant difference in time of absorption across

the three treatments.

Table 3C

One-Way ANOVA Test Results for Density

Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square

Between 268.667 2 134.33 1.941 .224

Groups 3

Within Groups 415.333 6 69.222

Total 684.000 8

Note: p<.05

The table shows the One-Way ANOVA test result for Density. The result is .224,

indicating that there is no significant difference in density across the three treatments.

Table 3D

Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square

Between 2.689 2 1.344 8.104 .001

Groups

Within Groups 14.433 87 .166

Total 17.122 89

One-Way ANOVA Test Results for Soothing effect

Note: p<.05
 22

The table shows the One-Way ANOVA test result for Soothing effect. The result

is .001, indicating that there is a significant difference among the three treatments in

terms of soothing effect.

Table 3E

Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Squar

Between 5.267 2 2.633 7.553 .001

Groups

Within Groups 30.333 87 .349

Total 35.600 89

One-Way ANOVA Test Result for Odor

Note: p<.05

The table shows the One-Way ANOVA test result for odor. The result is .001,

indicating that there is a significant difference among the three treatments in terms of

odor.

Table 3F

Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square

Between .422 2 .211 1.100 .338

Groups

Within Groups 16.700 87 .192

 23

Total 17.122 89

One-Way ANOVA Test Result for Texture

Note: p<.05

The table shows the One-Way ANOVA Test result for texture. The result is .338,

indicating that there is no significant difference among the three treatments in terms of

texture.

Discussion

The findings of this study exhibited that lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)

extract could be an alternative massage oil. Lemongrass contains citral, an anti-

inflammatory compound. The citral in lemongrass essential oil may help ease pain as it

relieves inflammation. According to a 2017 study on people with rheumatoid arthritis,

topical lemongrass oil decreased their arthritis pain. On average, pain levels were

gradually reduced from 80 to 50 percent within 30 days.

In this study, there are three treatments provided with three trials each.

Treatment A for 100 g of Lemongrass with 100 ml of olive oil. Treatment B for 100 g of

Lemongrass with 100 ml of coconut oil. And lastly, Treatment C which is the commercial

massage oil. Based on the viscosity of the three treatments, Treatment A has higher

viscosity while treatment C has lower viscosity. While in terms of time of absorption, all

the three treatments have a moderate absorption rate. Moreover, in terms of texture and

soothing effect, all the three treatments have smooth texture and gentle effect.

Based on the results, the study revealed that there is a significant difference

among the three treatments in terms of viscosity, time of absorption, soothing effect, and

odor. It is based on the calculations in which Sig. <.05, so it can be concluded that there

is a significant difference among the three treatments in terms of Viscosity, Time of

 24

Absorption, Soothing effect, and Odor. There is no significant difference among the three

treatments of the massage oil in terms of Density and Texture based on the Density

result of .224 and Texture of .338 significant value.

Conclusions

Based on the result of the data analysis and discussion, it can be drawn several

conclusions that can be presented as follows:

There is a significant difference among the three treatments in terms of Viscosity,

Time of Absorption, Soothing effect, and Odor. There is no significant difference among

the three treatments of massage oil in terms of Density and Texture.

Overall, the results of the experiment suggest that the lemongrass extract could

be an alternative massage oil based on its physical properties. It is important to note that

the present study has some limitations. Further studies are needed to validate the

findings and to distinguish the physical properties of lemongrass extract as an alternative

massage oil. Additionally, future studies could investigate the effects of lemongrass on

specific conditions, such as chronic pain or anxiety.

 25

Recommendations
This research study that utilized lemongrass extract as an alternative massage

oil has room for improvements despite its potential. The researchers therefore

recommend further study and modification on the following that are considered

limitations.

 Deeper study on the chemical component of the lemongrass that acts as a

pain reliever.

 Usage of another material or ingredient that can help increase the

effectiveness of the massage oil.

 Further testing to a higher number of respondents for more reliable and

comprehensible results.

 Trying a different method in creating the massage oil.

Since the physical properties of lemongrass extract as an alternative massage oil

was examined and determined, the researchers highly recommended that people

should use this product especially to those people who suffer from body pain as it

can help relieve and reduce pain in their body and maintain their health for everyday

work.
 26

REFERENCES

Bass, L. (2021). II Zesty Perks of Lemongrass Essential Oil. Greatist, Healthline Media

Company. https://greatist.com/health/lemongrass-essential-oil-benefits

Beegum, J. (2022). Lemongrass: Are There Health Benefits?. WebMD Editorial

Contributors. https://www.webmd.com/diet/lemongrass-health-benefits

Bidya, B. & Manvitha, K. (2014). Review on Pharmacological Activity of Cymbopogon

Citratus. Florajournal.com.

https://www.florajournal.com/archives/2014/vol1issue6/PartA/3.1.1.pdf

Chen, J., et al. (2020). Antimicrobial Activity of Lemongrass Essential Oil (Cymbopogon

Flexuosus) and Its Active Component Citral Against Dual-Species Biofilms of

Staphylococcus aureus and Candida Species. Frontiers.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2020.603858/full#main-content

Goodwin, L. (2019). Guide to Lemongrass and Its Many Uses. The Spruce Eats,

Dotdash Meredith. https://www.thespruceeats.com/what-is-lemongrass-765171

Hammed, A. (2014). Biological Properties of Lemongrass. Research Gate.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

261220966_Biological_properties_of_lemongrass

Hernandez, B. (2018). Plants ll. Cymbopogon citratus. Scinet Science Ph.

http://scinet.science.ph/union/Downloads/30-41_66712
 27

Lemongrass. (2019). Encyclopedia.com.

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-

and-maps/lemongrass

Mukarram, M. (2020). Lemongrass Essential Oil Components with Antimicrobial and

Anticancer Activities. MDPI. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/1/20

Olorunnisola, S. (2014). Biological Properties of Lemongrass: An Overview. Research

Gate.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

261220966_Biological_properties_of_lemongrass

Olsen, N. (2019). Lemongrass Tea: 10 Benefits. Healthline Media LLC.

https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/lemongrass-tea

Poltronieri, P., et al. (2021). Lemongrass Essential Oil Components with Antimicrobial

And Anticancer Activities. Preprints, Org.

https://www/preprints.org/manuscript/202106.0500/vl

Simsek, S. (2014). Biological Properties of Lemongrass. Research Gate.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

261220966_Biological_properties_of_lemongrass

Soon, L. (2017). 8 Popular Uses for Lemongrass. Bio-home Cares.

https://biohomecares.com/discoverr-biohomekeeping/popular-uses-lemongrass/

Wilson, D. (2019). Benefits and Uses of Lemongrass Essential Oil. Medical News

Today.
 28

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325209

Young, G. (2021). Lemongrass Essential Oil. Young Living.

https://www.youngliving.com/en_GB/products/lemongrass-
 29

APPENDICES
 30

APPENDIX A
Letter to the Principal
January 04, 2023

DR. MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO

Principal III
Leonora S. Salapantan National High School
San Miguel, Iloilo

Madam:

We, the undersigned are currently working on our research, “PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE
MASSAGE OIL” as part of the requirements for Practical Research II.

In consonance with this, we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow
us to pursue the said research study with optimistic outlook towards the fulfilment of our
requirements.

Your approval is highly appreciated. Thank you and God Bless!

Respectfully yours,

ANGEL JANA C. CADUNGOG

JOHN BRIAN P. CANDAGANAN
MHAX JOSEPH RUDANIEL A. CEREÑO
KIM ZEDRICK S. DIMAAPI
JHENNEL MARIE J. FERNANDEZ
DAN MICHAEL A. SABAN
Grade 12 STEM Nobel
Researchers

Noted: Recommending Approval:

(SGD)EMILIE B. SANCIO, MAEd (SGD)EDGARDO S. CON-EL JR., PhD

Master Teacher II Asst. School Principal II, SHS

Approved:

(SGD)MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO, PhD

Principal III
 31

APPENDIX B
Letter to the Assistant School Principal
January 04, 2023

DR. EDGARDO S. CON-EL

Asst. School Principal II
Leonora S. Salapantan National High School
San Miguel, Iloilo

Sir:

We, the undersigned are currently working on our research, “PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE
MASSAGE OIL” as part of the requirements for the Practical Research II.

In consonance with this, we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow
us to pursue the said research study with optimistic outlook towards the fulfilment of our
requirements.

Your approval is highly appreciated. Thank you and God Bless!

Respectfully yours,

ANGEL JANA C. CADUNGOG

JOHN BRIAN P. CANDAGANAN
MHAX JOSEPH RUDANIEL A. CEREÑO
KIM ZEDRICK S. DIMAAPI
JHENNEL MARIE J. FERNANDEZ
DAN MICHAEL A. SABAN
Grade 12 STEM Nobel
Researchers

Noted:

(SGD)EMILIE B. SANCIO, MAEd

Master Teacher II

Approved:

(SGD)EDGARDO S. CON-EL JR., PhD

Asst. School Principal II, SHS
 32

APPENDIX C
Letter to the Outside
January 04, 2023

MR. NIÑO C. SIMOY

MENRO – EMS II
San Miguel, Iloilo

Sir:

We, the undersigned are currently working on our research, “PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE
MASSAGE OIL” as part of the requirements for Practical Research II.

In consonance with this, we would like to ask permission to you as MENRO – EMS II of
this municipality to use the lemongrass as a subject for our research study.

Your approval is highly appreciated. Thank you and God Bless!

Respectfully yours,

ANGEL JANA C. CADUNGOG

JOHN BRIAN P. CANDAGANAN
MHAX JOSEPH RUDANIEL A. CEREÑO
KIM ZEDRICK S. DIMAAPI
JHENNEL MARIE J. FERNANDEZ
DAN MICHAEL A. SABAN
Grade 12 STEM Nobel
Researchers

Noted: Recommending Approval:

(SGD)EMILIE B. SANCIO (SGD)EDGARDO S. CON-EL JR., PhD

Research Teacher Asst. School Principal II, SHS

Approved:

(SGD)MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO, PhD

Principal III

Concurred:

(SGD)NIÑO C. SIMOY
MENRO – EMS
 33

APPENDIX D
Letter to the Validators
January 04, 2023

DR. MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO

Principal III
Leonora S. Salapantan National High School
San Miguel, Iloilo

ATTN: EDGARDO S. CON-EL JR.

Asst. School Principal II

Madam:

We, the researchers are currently working of our research, “PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE
MASSAGE OIL” as part of the requirements for Practical Research II.

In consonance with this, we would like to request for your approval to allow Mr. Edgardo
S. Con-el to validate our questionnaire. Knowing his experience in the field of research
and education, we will be glad to hear his suggestions and comments for the
improvement of the instrument. Your support to this endeavor is highly appreciated.

Respectfully yours,

ANGEL JANA C. CADUNGOG

JOHN BRIAN P. CANDAGANAN
MHAX JOSEPH RUDANIEL A. CEREÑO
KIM ZEDRICK S. DIMAAPI
JHENNEL MARIE J. FERNANDEZ
DAN MICHAEL A. SABAN
Grade 12 STEM Nobel
Researchers

Noted:

(SGD)EMILIE BALLER SANCIO

Research Teacher

Approved:

(SGD)MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO, PhD

Principal III

Concurred:
 34

(SGD)EDGARDO S. CON-EL JR., PhD

Asst. School Principal II, SHS
January 04, 2023

DR. MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO

Principal III
Leonora S. Salapantan National High School
San Miguel, Iloilo

ATTN: GEROME G. BUYCO

Master Teacher I

Madam:

We, the researchers are currently working of our research, “PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE
MASSAGE OIL” as part of the requirements for Practical Research II.

In consonance with this, we would like to request for your approval to allow Mr. Gerome
G. Buyco to validate our questionnaire. Knowing his experience in the field of research
and education, we will be glad to hear his suggestions and comments for the
improvement of the instrument.

Your support to this endeavor is highly appreciated.

Respectfully yours,

ANGEL JANA C. CADUNGOG

JOHN BRIAN P. CANDAGANAN
MHAX JOSEPH RUDANIEL A. CEREÑO
KIM ZEDRICK S. DIMAAPI
JHENNEL MARIE J. FERNANDEZ
DAN MICHAEL A. SABAN
Grade 12 STEM Nobel
Researchers

Noted: Recommending Approval:

(SGD)EMILIE BALLER SANCIO (SGD)EDGARDO S. CON-EL JR., PhD

Research Teacher Asst. School Principal II, SHS

Approved:

(SGD)MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO, PhD

Principal III

Concurred:

(SGD)GEROME G. BUYCO
 35

Master Teacher I

January 04, 2023

DR. MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO
Principal III
Leonora S. Salapantan National High School
San Miguel, Iloilo

ATTN: MA. LYN S. CASIPE

STE Research Coordinator

Madam:

We, the researchers are currently working of our research, “PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE
MASSAGE OIL” as part of the requirements for Practical Research II.

In consonance with this, we would like to request for your approval to allow Mrs. Ma. Lyn
S. Casipe to validate our questionnaire. Knowing her experience in the field of research
and education, we will be glad to hear her suggestions and comments for the
improvement of the instrument.

Your support to this endeavor is highly appreciated.

Respectfully yours,

ANGEL JANA C. CADUNGOG

JOHN BRIAN P. CANDAGANAN
MHAX JOSEPH RUDANIEL A. CEREÑO
KIM ZEDRICK S. DIMAAPI
JHENNEL MARIE J. FERNANDEZ
DAN MICHAEL A. SABAN
Grade 12 STEM Nobel
Researchers

Noted: Recommending Approval:

(SGD)EMILIE BALLER SANCIO (SGD)EDGARDO S. CON-EL JR., PhD

Research Teacher Asst. School Principal II, SHS

Approved:

(SGD)MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO, PhD

Principal III

Concurred:

(SGD)MA. LYN S. CASIPE

 36

STE Research Coordinator

APPENDIX E
Letter to the Statistician
January 04, 2023

DR. MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO

Principal III
Leonora S. Salapantan National High School
San Miguel, Iloilo

ATTN: MARVIN JAMES E. PINUELA

Teacher I

Madam:

We, the researchers are currently working of our research, “PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE
MASSAGE OIL” as part of the requirements for Practical Research II.

In consonance with this, we would like to request for your approval to allow Mr. Marvin
James E. Pinuela to be our statistician. We will be glad to hear his suggestion or
comments for the improvement of the study.
Your support for this endeavor is highly appreciated.

Respectfully yours,

ANGEL JANA C. CADUNGOG

JOHN BRIAN P. CANDAGANAN
MHAX JOSEPH RUDANIEL A. CEREÑO
KIM ZEDRICK S. DIMAAPI
JHENNEL MARIE J. FERNANDEZ
DAN MICHAEL A. SABAN
Grade 12 STEM Nobel
Researchers

Noted: Recommending Approval:

(SGD)EMILIE BALLER SANCIO (SGD)EDGARDO S. CON-EL JR., PhD

Research Teacher Asst. School Principal II, SHS

Approved:

(SGD)MARY GRACE L. CASTILLO, PhD

Principal III

Concurred:
 37

(SGD)MARVIN JAMES E. PINUELA

Teacher I
APPENDIX F
Letter to the Respondents
January 04, 2023

_________________________
_________________________
_________________________

Sir/Madam:

We, the undersigned are currently working of our research, “PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) EXTRACT AS ALTERNATIVE
MASSAGE OIL” as part of the requirements for Practical Research II.

In consonance with this, we would like to request for your participation as a respondent
for the above-mentioned study. We further assure that the information gathered will be
used for the research purposes and will be treated with utmost confidentiality.

Your support for this endeavor is highly appreciated.

Respectfully yours,

ANGEL JANA C. CADUNGOG

JOHN BRIAN P. CANDAGANAN
MHAX JOSEPH RUDANIEL CEREÑO
KIM ZEDRICK S. DIMAAPI
JHENNEL MARIE J. FERNANDEZ
DAN MICHAEL SABAN
Grade 12 STEM Nobel
Researchers

Noted:

(SGD)EMILIE B. SANCIO
Research Teacher
 38

APPENDIX G
Research Instrument
Survey Questionnaire
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus) EXTRACT AS
AN ALTERNATIVE MASSAGE OIL
Part I. Demographic profile of the respondents
Instruction: Kindly fill in the blank with applicable information about yourself.
Name (optional): ____________________________________________
Address: ___________________________________________________
Gender: ___________ Age: __________
Part II. The physical properties of lemongrass extract as an alternative massage oil.
This part of the questionnaire seeks to find out the perception of the respondents on the
physical properties of the lemongrass extract as an alternative massage oil. All the data
gathered from the respondents will be kept in the highest level of confidentiality and will
be used for academic purposes only.

Texture Description

3 Smooth - the massage oil has smooth and soft texture.

2 Oily - the massage oil feels a bit greasy.

1 Sticky - the massage oil leaves a sticky, thick residue.

Soothing Description

effect

3 Gentle - the massage oil makes you feel calm and relieve.

2 Warm - the massage oil has a mild effect in your skin.

1 Irritating - the massage oil cause inflammation and discomfort.

Odor Description

3 Light - the massage oil smells good and pleasant.

2 Moderate - the massage oil has a mild odor.

1 Strong - the massage oil has a strong unpleasant smell.

 39

Instruction: The following items describe the texture, soothing effect, and odor of the
lemongrass massage oil and commercial massage oil. Indicate your answers by putting
a check mark on the column of your choice that corresponds to the questions.
Treatment A (Lemongrass with Olive Oil)
Texture (the feel, appearance, or the consistency of the massage oil).
1. How would you describe the texture of the massage oil upon pouring it to your
palm?

☐ Smooth Oily Sticky

2. Upon applying the massage oil in your skin, how does it feels-like?

☐ Smooth Oily Sticky

3. After 30 seconds of applying massage oil, what is its texture?

Smooth ☐ Oily Sticky

Soothing Effect (the calming, assuaging, or relieving effect of the massage oil)

1. What does it feels-like when massage oil is applied into your skin?

☐ Gentle ☐ Warm ☐ Irritating

2. After 30 seconds of applying massage oil, how does it feel?

☐ Gentle ☐ Warm ☐ Irritating

3. After 5 minutes of applying massage oil in your skin, how does it feel?

☐ Gentle ☐ Warm ☐ Irritating

Odor (the quality of the massage oil that stimulates the sense of smell)

1. After opening its container, how does the odor of the massage oil smells-like?

☐ Light ☐ Moderate ☐ Strong

2. How does the odor of the massage oil smells-like after applying it into your skin?

☐ Light ☐ Moderate ☐ Strong

3. After 30 seconds of applying into your skin, how does the odor of the massage oil
smells-like?
 40

☐ Light ☐ Moderate ☐ Strong

Treatment B (Lemongrass with Coconut Oil)
Texture (the feel, appearance, or the consistency of the massage oil).
1. How would you describe the texture of the massage oil upon pouring it to your
palm?

☐ Smooth Oily Sticky

2. Upon applying the massage oil in your skin, how does it feels-like?

☐ Smooth Oily Sticky

3. After 30 seconds of applying massage oil, what is its texture?

Smooth ☐ Oily Sticky

Soothing Effect (the calming, assuaging, or relieving effect of the massage oil)

1. What does it feels-like when massage oil is applied into your skin?

☐ Gentle ☐ Warm ☐ Irritating

2. After 30 seconds of applying massage oil, how does it feel?

☐ Gentle ☐ Warm ☐ Irritating

3. After 5 minutes of applying massage oil in your skin, how does it feel?

☐ Gentle ☐ Warm ☐ Irritating

Odor (the quality of the massage oil that stimulates the sense of smell)

1. After opening its container, how does the odor of the massage oil smells-like?

☐ Light ☐ Moderate ☐ Strong

2. How does the odor of the massage oil smells-like after applying it into your skin?

☐ Light ☐ Moderate ☐ Strong

3. After 30 seconds of applying into your skin, how does the odor of the massage oil
smells-like?

☐ Light ☐ Moderate ☐ Strong

Treatment C (Commercial Massage Oil)

 41

Texture (the feel, appearance, or the consistency of the massage oil).

1. How would you describe the texture of the massage oil upon pouring it to your

palm?

☐ Smooth ☐ Oily ☐ Sticky

2. Upon applying the massage oil in your skin, how does it feels-like?

☐ Smooth ☐ Oily ☐ Sticky

3. After 30 seconds of applying massage oil, what is its texture?

☐ Smooth ☐ Oily ☐ Sticky

Soothing Effect (the calming, assuaging, or relieving effect of the massage oil)

1. What does it feels-like when massage oil is applied into your skin?

☐ Gentle ☐ Warm ☐ Irritating

2. After 30 seconds of applying massage oil, how does it feel?

☐ Gentle ☐ Warm ☐ Irritating

3. After 5 minutes of applying massage oil in your skin, how does it feel?

☐ Gentle ☐ Warm ☐ Irritating

Odor (the quality of the massage oil that stimulates the sense of smell)

1. After opening its container, how does the odor of the massage oil smells-like?

☐ Light ☐ Moderate ☐ Strong

2. How does the odor of the massage oil smells-like after applying it into your skin?

☐ Light ☐ Moderate ☐ Strong

3. After 30 seconds of applying, how does the odor of the massage oil smells-like?

☐ Light ☐ Moderate ☐ Strong

APPENDIX H
RAW DATA
 42

Results from the survey

Result of the survey in Treatment A

Soothing Effect Q1 Q2 Q3

Gentle 28 29 20

Warm 2 1 10

Irritating 0 0 0

Total 30 30 30

Odor Q1 Q2 Q3

Light 18 20 20

Moderate 12 10 10

Strong 0 0 0

Total 30 30 30

Texture Q1 Q2 Q3

Smooth 14 24 27

Oily 16 6 3

Sticky 0 0 0

Total 30 30 30

Results of the survey in Treatment B

Soothing Effect Q1 Q2 Q3
 43

Gentle 28 29 20

Warm 2 1 10

Irritating 0 0 0

Total 30 30 30

Odor Q1 Q2 Q3

Light 10 15 19

Moderate 20 15 11

Strong 0 0 0

Total 30 30 30

Texture Q1 Q2 Q3

Smooth 8 25 27

Oily 22 5 3

Sticky 0 0 0

Total 30 30 30

Results of the survey in Treatment C

 44

Soothing Effect Q1 Q2 Q3

Gentle 13 18 14

Warm 17 12 16

Irritating 0 0 0

Total 30 30 30

Odor Q1 Q2 Q3

Light 4 11 11

Moderate 19 12 12

Strong 7 7 7

Total 30 30 30

Texture Q1 Q2 Q3

Smooth 24 25 26

Oily 6 5 4

Sticky 0 0 0

Total 30 30 30

Data from the Trials

 45

Viscosity Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Treatment A 6.803 Pa s 5.883 Pa s 5.071 Pa s

Treatment B 4.735 Pa s 4.857 Pa s 4.277 Pa s

Treatment C 1.246 Pa s 1.520 Pa s 1.157 Pa s

Time of Absorption Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Treatment A 38 minutes 35 minutes 36 minutes

Treatment B 42 minutes 40 minutes 39 minutes

Treatment C 26 minutes 25 minutes 26 minutes

Density Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Treatment A 888 kg/m³ 890 kg/m³ 885 kg/m³

Treatment B 881 kg/m³ 894 kg/m³ 905 kg/m³

Treatment C 872 kg/m³ 887 kg/m³ 881 kg/m³

APPENDIX I
 46

TIMELINE

Date Activity Remarks

09/30/2022 Proposed New Research Title Accomplished

10/08/2022 Statement of the Problem Accomplished

10/10/2022 Scope and Delimitation Accomplished

10/10/2022 Significance of the Study Accomplished

10/11/2022 Definition of Terms Accomplished

10/11/2022 Research Instruments Accomplished

10/17/2022 Conceptual Framework Accomplished

10/17/2022 Paradigm of the Study Accomplished

10/17/2022 Hypothesis Accomplished

10/18/2022 Background of the Study Accomplished

10/19/2022 Revising Chapter 1 (Day 1) Accomplished

10/21/2022 Revising Chapter 1 (Day 2) Accomplished

11/07/2022 Revising Research Instrument Accomplished

11/12/2022 Chapter 2 Accomplished

11/14/2022 Revising Chapter 2 Accomplished

 47

02/25/2023 Trial 1 Accomplished

03/04/2023 Trial 2 and letters to conduct Accomplished

03/19/2023 Conduct Accomplished

03/25/2023 Data Collection Accomplished

04/05/2023 Survey Accomplished

04/08/2023 Acknowledgements Accomplished

04/11/2023 Table of contents Accomplished

04/12/2023 Reference list Accomplished

04/19/2023 Results and Discussion Accomplished

04/21/2023 Conclusion Accomplished

04/24/2023 Recommendation Accomplished

04/25/2023 Abstract Accomplished

APPENDIX J
 48

Documentation

Before the study was conducted

Preparing the survey questionnaire

Planning to conduct
 49

Making the Lemongrass Massage oil

The lemongrass was cleaned and washed The lemongrass was dried

The stalks and leaves were crushed Lemongrass was cut into smaller size

Base oil was poured in a bowl that Bowl containing lemongrass was
contains lemongrass leaves and stalks placed into the pan containing a water
 50

Afte
r
the

study was conducted

Collecting data from the trials

 51

Application of the three treatments to the respondents

Application of Treatment A (Lemongrass with Olive oil)

Application of Treatment B (Lemongrass with Coconut oil)

Application of Treatment C (Commercial Massage oil)

 52

Conducting a survey
53
 54

Curriculum Vitae

The researcher’s name is Angel Jana Cansancio Cadungog. She is 17 years old

and was born on 26th of December in year 2004 at Brgy. Prinza, Calauan, Laguna. She

has 6 siblings, and she is the youngest among the 7 of them. Her father is Mr. Rodolfo

Nuico Cadungog, a laborer and her mother is Mrs. Mary An Cansancio Cadungog, a

housewife. She is from Brgy. Sto. Angel, San Miguel, Iloilo but currently living at

Balibagan Este, Sta. Barbara, Iloilo. She started her pre-school at the age of 4 years old

in Uhoa Day Care Center at Zamboanga City and transferred to Iloilo when she entered

elementary. She was one of the top students in their class when she was in elementary,

and she graduated as an honor student at Sto. Angel Elementary School in the school

year 2016-2017. She participated in journalism contests and other writing contests when

she was in elementary and junior high school. When she was in elementary, she won as

the 3 runner up in one of the writing contests that she had joined in. She loves to play
rd

badminton and had joined a badminton tournament when she was in elementary and

had won two games in a row but sadly, she didn’t make it to the final. She is a consistent

honor student until junior high and became the top 1 in their class in Grade 7. She was

an officer of different clubs when she was in junior high school. She graduated as with

high honor student in Leonora S. Salapantan National High School in the school year

2020-2021. She is currently a Grade 12 student under the STEM (Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics) curriculum at Leonora S. Salapantan National High

School. She loves to dance, and so she had joined in a dance competition to show her

talent in dancing and had won several times. Her goals in life is to finish her studies and

be a successful person someday. She also wants to travel around the world with her

family and other loved ones. And she believes that being challenged in life is inevitable,

being defeated is optional.

 55

Curriculum Vitae

The researcher’s name is John Brian P. Candaganan. He is currently residing at

Brgy. Sta. Teresa, San Miguel, Iloilo. He is the youngest child of Mr. and Mrs. Jane

Candaganan and Reynaldo Candaganan. His mother is a housewife, and his father is a

tricycle driver. He is 19 years old, and he was born on 24 day of May, year 2003 at
th

Mission Hospital Alimodian Iloilo. He graduated his elementary at Sta. Teresa

Elementary School in S.Y. 2017-2017 and he graduated his Junior Highschool in

Leonora S. Salapantan National High School. He is currently in Grade 12 and he’s

taking Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) as his

specialization. His hobbies are playing basketball and baseball. When playing

basketball, he is often the point/shooting guard while in baseball he is the center fielder

and pitcher. Back in 2019 when he was in elementary, he had played baseball in

Zaragga and he and his team won the championship against Sta. Barbara. He also

joined the basketball league in 2020 that was held in San Miguel and gratefully they had

won 2 games. He is fond of playing mobile games like candy crush, mobile legends, pub

g, and clash of clans. He also loves to watch movies such as horror movies. His favorite

food to eat is tocino and and he also likes to eat fruits, especially apples and grapes. He

is a hardworking child and student and he wanted to finish his studies to be able to help

his family in the future. When he comes home from school, he helps his parents by

doing some house chores and by taking care of his brother. When he gets into college,

he is planning to take an engineering course. He dreamed of buying his own house and

car and start a business when he finishes his studies so that he could be able to help his

nieces to finish their studies and to help her parents. That is the reason why he is eager
 56

to finish his studies, to make his dream come true. His motto in life is that whatever

circumstances we face, always think in a positive way.

Curriculum Vitae

The researcher’s name is Mhax Joseph Rudaniel A. Cereño. He is 18 years old

and was born on July 1, 2004, at Western Visayas Medical Center. He is the only child

of Mr. Rudane Cereño and Mrs. Mary Grace Cereño. Currently, he lives in Brgy. San

Jose, San Miguel, Iloilo. He graduated as an honor student in San Miguel Central

Elementary School, and he is currently studying at Leonora S. Salapantan National High

School as a Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Grade 12

senior high school student. He was once a member of Kantata Club and Baile club when

he was in elementary and gained awards for his presence and loyalty for this specific

club. He was also a member of Drum and Lyre Corps and became a member of the

Supreme Pupil Government. He attended journalism when he was in Elementary and

Highschool. He was one of the representatives of Boy Scouts in their municipality that

was held in Miag-ao back in 2016 and received a badge for participating in this event.

He once played basketball in their zone at barangay San Jose and his position is

shooting guard and point guard. He also likes to play volleyball and badminton because

it’s somewhat become part of his life. When his not doing anything, he played mobile

games such as Clash of Clans, Call of Duty, and Mobile Legends. He loves to watch

movies such as Marvel movies and animation and the genres that he always wants to

watch are action movies, sci-fi, comedy, and adventure. He is into cars and his one

dream car is the Nissan GT-R R35 Nismo. He owns pets such as cats, rabbits, and

dogs. He has a collection of Pokemon Trading Cards and Mobile Legends cards. He

also loved to listen to music, and he is fond of listening to 70's, 80’s and 90’s songs. His

all-time favorite song is the song entitled “Closer You and I” by Mr. Gino Padilla. He is a
 57

friendly, cheerful, and talkative person. His ambition in life to be a successful nurse to

help not just his family but also those who are in need.

Curriculum Vitae

The researcher’s name is Kim Zedrick S. Dimaapi, he is 18 years old and was born on

February 10, 2005. He lives in Jibao-an Pavia, Iloilo. His father is Alexander Dimaapi

and his mother is Rowena Dimaapi. He graduated his elementary in Jibao-an

Elementary School and graduated his Junior High School in Leonora S. Salapantan

National High School. He is currently a Grade 12 STEM student in Leonora S.

Salapantan National High School. His hobbies are sketching, playing chess, and

watching movies/series. His favorite movie to watch is the marvel series such as the

Avengers, Infinity War, Endgame, and Loki. He also plays a lot of mobile games or

computer games such as Clash of Clans, Mobile Legends, Need for Speed Underground

2, Frozen Throne, Dota 2 and League of Legends. He also plays a lot of sports like

volleyball, chess, and table tennis. His position in basketball is in the point/shooting

guard position and in table tennis, he plays in doubles and won two bronze when he was

still in junior high school. He also won a gold medal in playing chess in the intramural

event and won a silver medal in the district meet when he was still an elementary

student. He then played chess again in the dinagyang chess tournament and he also

joined the intramural meet that was held this year and he won 1 place. He knows how to
st

solve a Rubik’s cube and a mirror cube. Sometimes, he fixes broken wires or things, and

he also helps his family in their business which is selling chicharon and making furniture

and stainless/metal. He recently discovered a new hobby, a fishkeeping hobby he keeps

some crustaceans like dwarf shrimp and crayfish, and he also keeps some fishes like

goldfish, koi, mollies, and guppies. He also joined the robotic event in Pavia National
 58

High School when he was a 6 grader. His ambition in life is to be a successful Civil
th

Engineer someday.

Curriculum Vitae

The researcher’s name is Jhennel Marie Jabadan Fernandez. Eldest daughter of

Mrs. Algine Jabadan Fernandez and Mr. Ronnel Ramos Fernandez. She is 18 years old,

born on the 10th day of September, year 2004, at Iloilo Mission Hospital. She is from

Brgy, Democracia, Jaro, Ilolo City but currently living at sitio Bongol, Brgy. Caboloan,

Norte, Oton, Iloilo. She started entering school at the age of 3 at Bahay Bulilit Day Care

Center and was awarded as the Top 2 of the class and Best in Reading. She entered

kindergarten 1 and 2 at Jaro 1 Elementary School and got an award for being the Top of

the class for school year 2009-2010. She graduated at Jaro 1 Elementary School, school

year 2016-2017 and received a lot of awards such as Athlete of the Year, Leadership

Awardee, Journalist of the Year, Best in Filipino, Best in Religion, and lastly, a Core

Value Awardee. She won a lot of competitions when she was in her elementary and the

competitions are Pagsulat ng Tula at Sanaysay, Pagbigkas ng Tula, Declamation

Contest, and even represented the the Jaro 1 Elementary School for ABS-CBN Iloilo-

Regional News Casting Competition year 2015-2016 in Hiligaynon and Filipino

Category. She is also the Supreme Pupil Governments Treasurer of Jaro 1 Elementary

School for 3 consecutive years and a member of Drum and Lyre Corporation. She was a

consistent honor student since grade 7 up until Grade 10. She is a volleyball athlete and

an officer of different clubs and organizations at Jaro National High School. She is also a

dancer of Tribu Salognon of Jaro National High School who won as 3 rd runner-up in the

Dinagyang Tribe Competition 2020. She was also an honor student when she was in
 59

Grade 11 at St. Roberts International College. She is currently a Grade 12 STEM

student of Leonora S. Salapantan National High School. Her ambition in life is to

become a successful doctor someday, not only to help her family but also to help a lot of

people in need.

Curriculum Vitae

The researcher’s name is Dan Michael Saban. He is currently residing at Brgy. 6

Santiago St., San Miguel, Iloilo. He is the eldest among the 4 children of Mr. and Mrs.

Melvin Sanchez and Maricor Sanchez. His mother is a housewife, and his father is a

laborer. He is 19 years old, and he was born on the 7th day of February 2003 at Aleosan

District Hospital. He started his pre-school in Milian Elementary School in Guimaras iloilo

and transferred to San Miguel Central Elementary School. He graduated from San

Miguel Central Elementary School in S.Y. 2016-2017. He graduated junior high at

Leonora S. Salapantan National High School in S.Y. 2020-2021. He is currently a Senior

High School student of Leonora S. Salapantan National High School and taking up

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). He is a member of a

Volleyball Club from Elementary to Junior High School. He and his team won third place

in CDSA competition in Volleyball and won again as third place in one day league in

Leon. He joined volleyball in the intramural meet that was held this year and their team

won and became the champion. He also became an honor student this last semester.

He is planning to try out for volleyball when he gets into college and becomes a

volleyball varsity. He wanted to try hard in this sport because he dreamed of being one

of the famous volleyball players in their country. He wants to go to Canada someday and

drive his dream car which is the mustang GT car and Camaro sports car. His hobby is

playing online games and watching TikTok and K-dramas. He has a pet dog named
 60

Harold, Burnok and Jackie and a pet cat named Tom and Jerry. He wishes to finish his

studies so he could be able to help his parents and could pay them back for the things

that they have done for him. He wants to be a Policeman someday and his motto in life

is that if you want to learn, do it by yourself because that’s the biggest weapon you’ll

have in your life.