Trapezoids and Kites

Trapezoid – is a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides. These parallel sides are called the
bases and the non-parallel sides are the legs

If BA and CD are the congruent in ABCD, then the trapezoid is an

ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID.

Theorems of a Trapezoid

 The base of a trapezoid are parallel.

 Opposite angles of a trapezoid are supplementary.
 If a quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid, the diagonals are congruent.

If the trapezoid is isosceles:

o the legs are congruent.

o the upper base angles are congruent.
o the lower base angles are congruent.
o the upper base angle is supplementary to the lower base angle.

 The median of a trapezoid is parallel to the bases and half of the sum of the lengths of the bases.

Problem Involving Trapezoid

Kite – is a quadrilateral whose four sides can be grouped into two pairs of equal length sides that are
adjacent to each other.
Theorems of a Kite

 If a quadrilateral is a kite, the diagonals are perpendicular.

 If a quadrilateral is a kite, it has one pair of opposite angles congruent.
 If a quadrilateral is a kite, it has one diagonal forming two congruent triangles
 If one of the diagonals of a quadrilateral is the perpendicular bisector of the other,
the quadrilateral is a kite.

Problem Involving Kites

Radicals

Properties of Radicals

A. B.

C. D.

E.
Operation on Radicals

Additional and Subtraction of Radicals

 Radicals may be added or subtracted when they have the same index and the same radicand
(just like combining like terms).
 Note: When adding or subtracting radicals, the index and radicand do not change.

Multiplication of Radicals

 To multiply radicals, just multiply using the same rules as multiplying polynomials (Distributive
Property, FOIL Method, and Exponent Rules) except NEVER multiply values outside the radical
times values inside the radical.

Division of Radicals

 If the denominator contains two terms such that at least one term has a radical, multiply the
numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator.
 Conjugate – the conjugate of a binomial of the form (a + b) is (a – b)
 Example: the conjugate of (a + b) is (a – b)
Equations & Problem Involving Radicals

Steps In Solving Radicals

 Isolate the term with radicals on one side of the equation.

 Raise both sides of the equation by the same power as the index.
 Solve the resulting equation.
 Check if the root obtained is extraneous.

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3
Problem Solving

A 13-foot ladder is leaning toward a vertical wall that is 12 feet high. How far is the base of the wall from
the base of the ladder?

The distance of the base of the wall from the base of the ladder is 5
feet.