Proving Theorems on

Trapezoids and Kites

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

● correctly prove theorems on trapezoids and kites;

● accurately solve the length of the midline of a

trapezoid; and

● correctly solve problems involving kites.

● What is the relationship between the midline of a triangle
and the midline of a trapezoid?

● How can the concept of a midline of a trapezoid be applied

in real life?
Let’s discover the midline of a trapezoid by manipulating a
figure online.

(Click on the link to access the interactive trapezoid.)

“Median of a Trapezoid.” Math Open Reference. Retrieved 22

June 2019 from https://bit.ly/2FGMSvp
● What can you say about the midline of the trapezoid as
you drag its vertex to any direction?

● Based on what you have observed, what is the relationship

between the midline of the trapezoid and its bases?
 Theorems on Trapezoid
1 The length of the midline is equal to half of the sum of the lengths of the bases.

Example:

Given: is the midline.

Prove: and
a. The length of the midline is equal to half of the sum of
the lengths of the bases.

Given: is the midline

Prove: and

Draw diagonal and let be the midpoint of .

a. The length of the midline is equal to half of the sum of
the lengths of the bases.

Given: is the midline

Prove: and

In formed by the diagonal, is the midpoint of and is the

midpoint of . Thus, is the midline of . By the midline theorem
for a triangle, and .
a. The length of the midline is equal to half of the sum of
the lengths of the bases.

Given: is the midline

Prove: and

In , is the midpoint of and is the midpoint of Thus, is the

midline of . By the midline theorem for a triangle, and .
a. The length of the midline is equal to half of the sum of
the lengths of the bases.

Given: is the midline

Prove: and

Since and , . Also, . Hence, , , and are collinear points. is

convex since no line containing a side of contains a point in
its interior.
a. The length of the midline is equal to half of the sum of
the lengths of the bases.

Given: is the midline

Prove: and
Also, is the midpoint of and and are on the sides of the
trapezoid. This means that must also be between and on
the line. Thus, .
a. The length of the midline is equal to half of the sum of
the lengths of the bases.

Given: is the midline

Prove: and

Since and , by substitution,

or simply,
a. The length of the midline is equal to half of the sum of
the lengths of the bases.

Given: is the midline

Prove: and

Since , , and are collinear, , , and lie on the same line.

Additionally, and . Thus, we can substitute and with .
Therefore, .
 Theorems on Trapezoid
2 The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

Example:

Given: Isosceles trapezoid with

Prove:
 b. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

Given: Isosceles trapezoid with

Prove:

Statements Reasons
1.Isosceles trapezoid ABCE
Given
with
If a trapezoid is isosceles, then
2. each pair of base angles are
b. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

Given: Isosceles trapezoid with

Prove:

Statements Reasons
Reflexive Property of
3.
Congruence
4. SAS Congruence Postulate
5. CPCTC
 Theorems on Trapezoid
3 If a quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid, then the opposite angles are
supplementary.

Example:

Given: Isosceles trapezoid

Prove: and are supplementary.
and are supplementary.
 c. If a quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid, then the
opposite angles are supplementary.

Given: Isosceles trapezoid

Prove: and are supplementary.
and are supplementary.
Statements Reasons
1. is an isosceles trapezoid. Given
If a trapezoid is isosceles, then
2. and each pair of base angles are
 c. If a quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid, then the
opposite angles are supplementary.

Given: Isosceles trapezoid

Prove: and are supplementary.
and are supplementary.

Statements Reasons
A trapezoid has exactly one
3.
pair of parallel sides.
 c. If a quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid, then the
opposite angles are supplementary.

Given: Isosceles trapezoid

Prove: and are supplementary.
and are supplementary.
Statements Reasons
If two parallel lines are cut by a
4. and are supplementary. transversal, the interior angles
and are supplementary. on the same side of the
 c. If a quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid, then xthe
opposite angles are supplementary.

Given: Isosceles trapezoid

Prove: and are supplementary.
and are supplementary.
Statements Reasons
Angles that are supplementary
5. and are supplementary.
to congruent angles are
and are supplementary.
supplementary.
 Theorems on Kite
4 If a quadrilateral is a kite, then it has one diagonal forming two congruent
triangles.

Example:

Given: Kite
Prove:
a. If a quadrilateral is a kite, then it has one diagonal
forming two congruent triangles

Given: Kite
Prove:
Statements Reasons
1. is a kite. Given
A kite has exactly two
2. and
pairs of congruent
a. If a quadrilateral is a kite, then it has one diagonal
forming two congruent triangles.

Given: Kite
Prove:
Statements Reasons
Reflexive Property of
3.
Congruence

4. SSS Congruence
 Theorems on Kite
5 If a quadrilateral is a kite, then it has one diagonal that bisects a pair of opposite
angles.

Example:

Given: Kite
Prove: bisects
bisects
b. If a quadrilateral is a kite, then it has one diagonal
that bisects a pair of opposite angles.

Given: Kite
Prove:
Statements Reasons
1. Kite Given
A kite has exactly two pairs
2. and
of congruent adjacent
b. If a quadrilateral is a kite, then it has one diagonal
that bisects a pair of opposite angles.

Given: Kite
Prove:
Statements Reasons
Reflexive Property of
3.
Congruence

4. SSS Congruence
b. If a quadrilateral is a kite, then it has one diagonal
that bisects a pair of opposite angles.

Given: Kite
Prove:
Statements Reasons
5.
CPCTC

6. bisects An angle bisector is a ray in the

bisects interior of an angle forming
Example 1: is a trapezoid with midline . Find the length of .
Example 1: is a trapezoid with midline . Find the length of .

Solution:
Use the Midline Theorem for a Trapezoid.
Example 1: is a trapezoid with midline . Find the length of .

Solution:

Therefore, the length of is .

Example 2: is a kite with diagonal . If the area of  is , what is
the area of kite ?
Example 2: is a kite with diagonal . If the area of  is , what is
the area of kite ?

Solution:

1. One of the theorems of a kite states

that if a quadrilateral is a kite, then it
has one diagonal forming two
congruent triangles. Based on the
given figure, .
Example 2: is a kite with diagonal . If the area of  is , what is
the area of kite ?

Solution:

2. Congruent triangles have equal areas.

Hence, the area of and are both equal
to . To get the area of the kite, add the
area of the two triangles.
Example 2: is a kite with diagonal . If the area of  is , what is
the area of kite ?

Solution:

Therefore, the area of the entire

figure is
Individual Practice:

1. is a trapezoid. The midline measures . Find .

Individual Practice:

2. is a kite with an area of . What is the area of ?

Group Practice: To be done in groups of three.

Drew is making a kite as shown below. At

what angle from the diagonal should he
place leg to achieve a shape of a
geometric kite?
 Theorems on Trapezoid
1 The length of the midline is equal to half of the sum of the lengths of the bases.

Theorems on Trapezoid
2 The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

Theorems on Trapezoid
3 If a quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid, then the opposite angles are
supplementary.
 Theorems on Kite
4 If a quadrilateral is a kite, then it has one diagonal forming two congruent
triangles.

Theorems on Kite
5 If a quadrilateral is a kite, then it has one diagonal that bisects a pair of opposite
angles.
● How do we solve for the length of the midline of a
trapezoid?

● What are the theorems involving kites and trapezoids

that were discussed?

● Are congruent polygons also similar? Why or why not?